Nine votes in favour: is a procedural decision adopted, and does a permanent member's abstention block a non-procedural one?

Nine votes in favour. Article 27(2) adopts a procedural decision. Article 27(3) requires the concurring votes of the permanent members. A later reading adds a path; it does not erase the letter.

This is an assistant explanation, not a calculation result. Check the grounds and sources below.

At a glance

Select a result to explore its grounds

Procedural vote: the decision is adoptedConditionEstablishedExecution: ComputedLogical result: Established Procedural vote: paragraph 3 does not block itConditionNot establishedExecution: ComputedLogical result: Not established Letter of article 27(3): adoption is not establishedConditionNot establishedExecution: ComputedLogical result: Not established Letter of article 27(3): the abstention blocksConditionEstablishedExecution: ComputedLogical result: Established Practice: the decision is adoptedConditionEstablishedExecution: ComputedLogical result: Established Practice: the letter still blocksConditionEstablishedExecution: ComputedLogical result: Established

Calculation comparison

	Letter of article 27(3): adoption is not established	Practice: the decision is adopted
Result	NEITHER	TRUE_ONLY
Law as of	2026-01-01	2026-01-01
Reading	—	—

	Letter of article 27(3): the abstention blocks	Practice: the letter still blocks
Result	TRUE_ONLY	TRUE_ONLY
Law as of	2026-01-01	2026-01-01
Reading	—	—

Detailed analysis

Condition

Procedural vote: the decision is adopted

Jurisdiction InternationalLaw as of 2026-01-01

Calculation result

Established

Input parameters

What we are finding

the Security Council decision is adopted

procedural

Input facts

Decision (of the Security Council or the General Assembly)
d: d
Subject shared by the facts below
the decision is on a procedural matter (Art. 27, para. 2)
the State casts a vote in favour (Art. 18, Art. 27)
s
france
uk
us
m0
m1
m2
m3
m4
m5
the State abstains (Art. 27, para. 3)
s: soviet

s
france
uk
us
m0
m1
m2
m3
m4
m5

Original data · JSON

{
  "args": [
    {
      "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:procedural",
      "kind": "entity_ref"
    }
  ],
  "facts": [
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#procedural_matter"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#france",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#uk",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#us",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m0",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m1",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m2",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m3",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m4",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m5",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#soviet",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#abstains"
    }
  ],
  "kind": "truth",
  "legalTime": "2026-01-01",
  "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#decision_adopted"
}

Why this resultApplied rules and conditions

Derivation path12 steps

1
the State casts a vote in favour (Art. 18, Art. 27)
d: urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:procedural; s: France State
case fact
2
the State casts a vote in favour (Art. 18, Art. 27)
d: urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:procedural; s: urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:m0
case fact
3
the State casts a vote in favour (Art. 18, Art. 27)
d: urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:procedural; s: urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:m1
case fact
4
the State casts a vote in favour (Art. 18, Art. 27)
d: urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:procedural; s: urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:m2
case fact
5
the State casts a vote in favour (Art. 18, Art. 27)
d: urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:procedural; s: urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:m3
case fact
6
the State casts a vote in favour (Art. 18, Art. 27)
d: urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:procedural; s: urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:m4
case fact
7
the State casts a vote in favour (Art. 18, Art. 27)
d: urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:procedural; s: urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:m5
case fact
8
the decision is on a procedural matter (Art. 27, para. 2)
d: urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:procedural
case fact
9
the State casts a vote in favour (Art. 18, Art. 27)
d: urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:procedural; s: United Kingdom State
case fact
10
the State casts a vote in favour (Art. 18, Art. 27)
d: urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:procedural; s: United States State
case fact
11
Article 27, paragraph 2. Decisions of the Security Council on procedural matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members.
the Security Council decision is adopted: d: urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:procedural
art. 27
Identifier
urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#ProceduralDecisionAdopted
rule
12
Query evaluation
query

verified by the engine: 2 · case fact: 10 · Full graph: 22 nodes

Steps of the saved proof from the case facts to the answer. Formulas are shown as written in the norm with bound values substituted; the page recomputes nothing.

Basis of this answer

Rules on the saved proof path for this answer.

un.charter

Article 27, paragraph 2. Decisions of the Security Council on procedural matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members.
Identifier
urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#ProceduralDecisionAdopted

Other rules in the evaluation1

Applied in the overall evaluation, but not on the proof path for this answer.

un.charter

The letter of Article 23: the five named States hold a permanent seat
Identifier
urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat

Proof graph

Proof graph · 3 layer

Proof nodes: 22 · assertion 15, rule_application 6, query_evaluation 1

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#fr

attributes

assertion: fr

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
procedural
Type
entity_ref
Identifier
FranceState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

casts_vote_for

evidence

—

Identifier

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m0

attributes

assertion: m0

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
procedural
Type
entity_ref
Identifier
m0
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

casts_vote_for

evidence

—

Identifier

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m1

attributes

assertion: m1

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
procedural
Type
entity_ref
Identifier
m1
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

casts_vote_for

evidence

—

Identifier

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m2

attributes

assertion: m2

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
procedural
Type
entity_ref
Identifier
m2
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

casts_vote_for

evidence

—

Identifier

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m3

attributes

assertion: m3

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
procedural
Type
entity_ref
Identifier
m3
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

casts_vote_for

evidence

—

Identifier

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m4

attributes

assertion: m4

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
procedural
Type
entity_ref
Identifier
m4
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

casts_vote_for

evidence

—

Identifier

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m5

attributes

assertion: m5

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
procedural
Type
entity_ref
Identifier
m5
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

casts_vote_for

evidence

—

Identifier

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#procedural

attributes

assertion: procedural

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
procedural
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

procedural_matter

evidence

—

Identifier

procedural

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#uk

attributes

assertion: uk

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
procedural
Type
entity_ref
Identifier
UnitedKingdomState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

casts_vote_for

evidence

—

Identifier

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#us

attributes

assertion: us

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
procedural
Type
entity_ref
Identifier
UnitedStatesState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

casts_vote_for

evidence

—

Identifier

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

rule_application · urn:proof:apply:ProceduralDecisionAdopted:ecf3ae070b6fea45f81712b543c968f84457703d01a48e0ee9b6564f33a5f615

attributes

—

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
procedural
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

decision_adopted

evidence

—

Identifier

ecf3ae070b6fea45f81712b543c968f84457703d01a48e0ee9b6564f33a5f615

Type

rule_application

Premises

fr
m0
m1
m2
m3
m4
m5
procedural
uk
us

Rule

ProceduralDecisionAdopted

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Identifier: procedural
Type: entity_ref

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h16351e0bed59b62494f1c5210d0fd5a006de40ee549557096968b0b2c2e81693

attributes

assertion: assert-h16351e0bed59b62494f1c5210d0fd5a006de40ee549557096968b0b2c2e81693

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
FranceState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member

evidence

—

Identifier

assert-h16351e0bed59b62494f1c5210d0fd5a006de40ee549557096968b0b2c2e81693

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

rule_application · urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:e6cdd1b41bb6a401a290db8d3f9e0e3e09802f9c184a1edc05d29d0412a6717f

attributes

—

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
FranceState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member_seat_held_by

evidence

—

Identifier

e6cdd1b41bb6a401a290db8d3f9e0e3e09802f9c184a1edc05d29d0412a6717f

Type

rule_application

Premises

assert-h16351e0bed59b62494f1c5210d0fd5a006de40ee549557096968b0b2c2e81693

Rule

LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Identifier: FranceState
Type: entity_ref

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h1670ff143db3b3d29021dc7ad7985b349772e84c0b76792a3ee656307d221a85

attributes

assertion: assert-h1670ff143db3b3d29021dc7ad7985b349772e84c0b76792a3ee656307d221a85

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
SovietUnion
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member

evidence

—

Identifier

assert-h1670ff143db3b3d29021dc7ad7985b349772e84c0b76792a3ee656307d221a85

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

rule_application · urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:8b78e920fb454ef68cfd4d28faa95e701383a4945549927ddb0e490175215890

attributes

—

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
SovietUnion
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member_seat_held_by

evidence

—

Identifier

8b78e920fb454ef68cfd4d28faa95e701383a4945549927ddb0e490175215890

Type

rule_application

Premises

assert-h1670ff143db3b3d29021dc7ad7985b349772e84c0b76792a3ee656307d221a85

Rule

LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Identifier: SovietUnion
Type: entity_ref

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h2577471a877f419d16417bc8ce7642e21e0eaa2649933f621cead7f558251c22

attributes

assertion: assert-h2577471a877f419d16417bc8ce7642e21e0eaa2649933f621cead7f558251c22

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
UnitedStatesState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member

evidence

—

Identifier

assert-h2577471a877f419d16417bc8ce7642e21e0eaa2649933f621cead7f558251c22

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

rule_application · urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:a2e3e604e9de005e17c81a51ce629be98e8e9e509a506046e0cde52b32321222

attributes

—

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
UnitedStatesState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member_seat_held_by

evidence

—

Identifier

a2e3e604e9de005e17c81a51ce629be98e8e9e509a506046e0cde52b32321222

Type

rule_application

Premises

assert-h2577471a877f419d16417bc8ce7642e21e0eaa2649933f621cead7f558251c22

Rule

LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Identifier: UnitedStatesState
Type: entity_ref

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h5c5d3b5c9ef348f54b5802f708fcfb08ffdf58f3b19d9f2957124cc18c49ca25

attributes

assertion: assert-h5c5d3b5c9ef348f54b5802f708fcfb08ffdf58f3b19d9f2957124cc18c49ca25

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
RepublicOfChina
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member

evidence

—

Identifier

assert-h5c5d3b5c9ef348f54b5802f708fcfb08ffdf58f3b19d9f2957124cc18c49ca25

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

rule_application · urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:4b1a6f6f8748646d22693b4c086f59515bea5071b14cc9f60294942b421440aa

attributes

—

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
RepublicOfChina
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member_seat_held_by

evidence

—

Identifier

4b1a6f6f8748646d22693b4c086f59515bea5071b14cc9f60294942b421440aa

Type

rule_application

Premises

assert-h5c5d3b5c9ef348f54b5802f708fcfb08ffdf58f3b19d9f2957124cc18c49ca25

Rule

LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Identifier: RepublicOfChina
Type: entity_ref

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h95b1a57a07a53f49ec8dcbb91c442be4fdf9ca5f19fb2fa7ee84192725768c7a

attributes

assertion: assert-h95b1a57a07a53f49ec8dcbb91c442be4fdf9ca5f19fb2fa7ee84192725768c7a

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
UnitedKingdomState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member

evidence

—

Identifier

assert-h95b1a57a07a53f49ec8dcbb91c442be4fdf9ca5f19fb2fa7ee84192725768c7a

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

rule_application · urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:ce60c6e3d670f6229c478e6f4fa5860728de789f588132e65e8a1127d110648f

attributes

—

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
UnitedKingdomState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member_seat_held_by

evidence

—

Identifier

ce60c6e3d670f6229c478e6f4fa5860728de789f588132e65e8a1127d110648f

Type

rule_application

Premises

assert-h95b1a57a07a53f49ec8dcbb91c442be4fdf9ca5f19fb2fa7ee84192725768c7a

Rule

LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Identifier: UnitedKingdomState
Type: entity_ref

query_evaluation · urn:proof:query:same-vote#case/ProceduralNineFor/query/decision-adopted-procedural

attributes

—

conclusion

literal

Arguments

Identifier
procedural
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

decision_adopted

truthStatus

Established

evidence

—

Identifier

case/ProceduralNineFor/query/decision-adopted-procedural

Type

query_evaluation

Premises

ecf3ae070b6fea45f81712b543c968f84457703d01a48e0ee9b6564f33a5f615

sourceAnchors

—

Calendar and proof identifiers

Proof reference: case/ProceduralNineFor/query/decision-adopted-procedural

Original reasoning · JSON

{
  "evaluation": {
    "conflicts": [],
    "issues": [],
    "manifest": {
      "artifactHash": "sha256:0767659ce1336a603665167add3678052c57846e4619007a6ccdc6398fcf294e",
      "calendarSnapshot": "",
      "caseHash": "sha256:1f67054f049ffdc7e642488912ebfd3e0f3d27a06f383220673bf3a4531fb783",
      "decisionTime": "2026-01-01T12:00:00Z",
      "evidenceSnapshotHash": "sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
      "externalSnapshots": {},
      "id": "urn:manifest:oracle-1",
      "interpretations": [],
      "knowledgeTime": "2026-01-01T12:00:00Z",
      "legalTime": "2026-01-01",
      "lockfileHash": "sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
      "mode": "audit",
      "policies": {},
      "programHash": "sha256:53761165015b682383430aa74b59233f973da8e16ffe719420f98edd8b25519d",
      "resolvedEditions": {},
      "semanticHash": "sha256:3cf0568970e1a06c5498d2ee5503776286b0db7486adea19f9581089911be5da",
      "semantics": "law.core/0.2.1",
      "theoryHash": "sha256:53761165015b682383430aa74b59233f973da8e16ffe719420f98edd8b25519d",
      "timezone": "UTC"
    },
    "positions": [],
    "proofGraph": {
      "nodes": [
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#fr"
          },
          "conclusion": {
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SourcesExcerpts: 2

Article 23

Article 23 The Security Council shall consist of fifteen Members of the United Nations. The Republic of China, France, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America shall be permanent members of the Security Council. The General Assembly shall elect ten other Members of the United Nations to be non-permanent members of the Security Council, due regard being specially paid, in the first instance to the contribution of Members of the United Nations to the maintenance of international peace and security and to the other purposes of the Organization, and also to equitable geographical distribution. The non-permanent members of the Security Council shall be elected for a term of two years. In the first election of the non-permanent members after the increase of the membership of the Security Council from eleven to fifteen, two of the four additional members shall be chosen for a term of one year. A retiring member shall not be eligible for immediate re-election. Each member of the Security Council shall have one representative.

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}

Article 27

Article 27 Each member of the Security Council shall have one vote. Decisions of the Security Council on procedural matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members. Decisions of the Security Council on all other matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members including the concurring votes of the permanent members; provided that, in decisions under Chapter VI, and under paragraph 3 of Article 52, a party to a dispute shall abstain from voting.

Original data · JSON

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  "edition": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#UN_CHARTER_EN",
  "fragmentKind": "article",
  "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#UNC_EN_ART27",
  "kind": "fragment",
  "locator": "article/27",
  "package": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter",
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    {
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      "language": "en",
      "status": "official",
      "text": "Article 27\nEach member of the Security Council shall have one vote.\nDecisions of the Security Council on procedural matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members.\nDecisions of the Security Council on all other matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members including the concurring votes of the permanent members; provided that, in decisions under Chapter VI, and under paragraph 3 of Article 52, a party to a dispute shall abstain from voting."
    }
  ]
}

Packages in the snapshot

un.charter

Technical dataFull response, parameters and checksums

Calculation status: COMPUTED

Full engine response

Procedural vote: the decision is adopted

Complete machine result · JSON

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    "kind": "TRUTH",
    "missingInputs": [],
    "truthStatus": "TRUE_ONLY"
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      "id": "urn:manifest:oracle-1",
      "interpretations": [],
      "knowledgeTime": "2026-01-01T12:00:00Z",
      "legalTime": "2026-01-01",
      "lockfileHash": "sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
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Execution · JSON

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Display metadata

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JSON · calculations, sources and exact data

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Original data · JSON

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        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#us",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m0",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m1",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m2",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m3",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m4",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m5",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#soviet",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#abstains"
    }
  ],
  "kind": "truth",
  "legalTime": "2026-01-01",
  "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#decision_adopted"
}

Condition

Procedural vote: paragraph 3 does not block it

Jurisdiction InternationalLaw as of 2026-01-01

Calculation result

Not established

Input parameters

What we are finding

the decision is blocked by a permanent member — by a vote against, or (by the letter) by abstention (Art. 27, para. 3)

procedural

Input facts

Decision (of the Security Council or the General Assembly)
d: d
Subject shared by the facts below
the decision is on a procedural matter (Art. 27, para. 2)
the State casts a vote in favour (Art. 18, Art. 27)
s
france
uk
us
m0
m1
m2
m3
m4
m5
the State abstains (Art. 27, para. 3)
s: soviet

s
france
uk
us
m0
m1
m2
m3
m4
m5

Original data · JSON

{
  "args": [
    {
      "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:procedural",
      "kind": "entity_ref"
    }
  ],
  "facts": [
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#procedural_matter"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#france",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#uk",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#us",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m0",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m1",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m2",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m3",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m4",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m5",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#soviet",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#abstains"
    }
  ],
  "kind": "truth",
  "legalTime": "2026-01-01",
  "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#decision_blocked_by_permanent_member"
}

Why this resultApplied rules and conditions

Derivation path1 steps

1
Query evaluation
query

verified by the engine: 1 · case fact: 0 · Full graph: 22 nodes

Steps of the saved proof from the case facts to the answer. Formulas are shown as written in the norm with bound values substituted; the page recomputes nothing.

Applied rules2

un.charter

The letter of Article 23: the five named States hold a permanent seat
Identifier
urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat
Article 27, paragraph 2. Decisions of the Security Council on procedural matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members.
Identifier
urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#ProceduralDecisionAdopted

Proof graph

Proof graph · 1 layer

Proof nodes: 22 · assertion 15, rule_application 6, query_evaluation 1

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#fr

attributes

assertion: fr

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
procedural
Type
entity_ref
Identifier
FranceState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

casts_vote_for

evidence

—

Identifier

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m0

attributes

assertion: m0

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
procedural
Type
entity_ref
Identifier
m0
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

casts_vote_for

evidence

—

Identifier

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m1

attributes

assertion: m1

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
procedural
Type
entity_ref
Identifier
m1
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

casts_vote_for

evidence

—

Identifier

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m2

attributes

assertion: m2

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
procedural
Type
entity_ref
Identifier
m2
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

casts_vote_for

evidence

—

Identifier

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m3

attributes

assertion: m3

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
procedural
Type
entity_ref
Identifier
m3
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

casts_vote_for

evidence

—

Identifier

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m4

attributes

assertion: m4

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
procedural
Type
entity_ref
Identifier
m4
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

casts_vote_for

evidence

—

Identifier

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m5

attributes

assertion: m5

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
procedural
Type
entity_ref
Identifier
m5
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

casts_vote_for

evidence

—

Identifier

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#procedural

attributes

assertion: procedural

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
procedural
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

procedural_matter

evidence

—

Identifier

procedural

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#uk

attributes

assertion: uk

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
procedural
Type
entity_ref
Identifier
UnitedKingdomState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

casts_vote_for

evidence

—

Identifier

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#us

attributes

assertion: us

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
procedural
Type
entity_ref
Identifier
UnitedStatesState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

casts_vote_for

evidence

—

Identifier

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

rule_application · urn:proof:apply:ProceduralDecisionAdopted:ecf3ae070b6fea45f81712b543c968f84457703d01a48e0ee9b6564f33a5f615

attributes

—

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
procedural
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

decision_adopted

evidence

—

Identifier

ecf3ae070b6fea45f81712b543c968f84457703d01a48e0ee9b6564f33a5f615

Type

rule_application

Premises

fr
m0
m1
m2
m3
m4
m5
procedural
uk
us

Rule

ProceduralDecisionAdopted

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Identifier: procedural
Type: entity_ref

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h16351e0bed59b62494f1c5210d0fd5a006de40ee549557096968b0b2c2e81693

attributes

assertion: assert-h16351e0bed59b62494f1c5210d0fd5a006de40ee549557096968b0b2c2e81693

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
FranceState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member

evidence

—

Identifier

assert-h16351e0bed59b62494f1c5210d0fd5a006de40ee549557096968b0b2c2e81693

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

rule_application · urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:e6cdd1b41bb6a401a290db8d3f9e0e3e09802f9c184a1edc05d29d0412a6717f

attributes

—

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
FranceState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member_seat_held_by

evidence

—

Identifier

e6cdd1b41bb6a401a290db8d3f9e0e3e09802f9c184a1edc05d29d0412a6717f

Type

rule_application

Premises

assert-h16351e0bed59b62494f1c5210d0fd5a006de40ee549557096968b0b2c2e81693

Rule

LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Identifier: FranceState
Type: entity_ref

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h1670ff143db3b3d29021dc7ad7985b349772e84c0b76792a3ee656307d221a85

attributes

assertion: assert-h1670ff143db3b3d29021dc7ad7985b349772e84c0b76792a3ee656307d221a85

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
SovietUnion
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member

evidence

—

Identifier

assert-h1670ff143db3b3d29021dc7ad7985b349772e84c0b76792a3ee656307d221a85

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

rule_application · urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:8b78e920fb454ef68cfd4d28faa95e701383a4945549927ddb0e490175215890

attributes

—

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
SovietUnion
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member_seat_held_by

evidence

—

Identifier

8b78e920fb454ef68cfd4d28faa95e701383a4945549927ddb0e490175215890

Type

rule_application

Premises

assert-h1670ff143db3b3d29021dc7ad7985b349772e84c0b76792a3ee656307d221a85

Rule

LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Identifier: SovietUnion
Type: entity_ref

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h2577471a877f419d16417bc8ce7642e21e0eaa2649933f621cead7f558251c22

attributes

assertion: assert-h2577471a877f419d16417bc8ce7642e21e0eaa2649933f621cead7f558251c22

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
UnitedStatesState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member

evidence

—

Identifier

assert-h2577471a877f419d16417bc8ce7642e21e0eaa2649933f621cead7f558251c22

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

rule_application · urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:a2e3e604e9de005e17c81a51ce629be98e8e9e509a506046e0cde52b32321222

attributes

—

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
UnitedStatesState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member_seat_held_by

evidence

—

Identifier

a2e3e604e9de005e17c81a51ce629be98e8e9e509a506046e0cde52b32321222

Type

rule_application

Premises

assert-h2577471a877f419d16417bc8ce7642e21e0eaa2649933f621cead7f558251c22

Rule

LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Identifier: UnitedStatesState
Type: entity_ref

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h5c5d3b5c9ef348f54b5802f708fcfb08ffdf58f3b19d9f2957124cc18c49ca25

attributes

assertion: assert-h5c5d3b5c9ef348f54b5802f708fcfb08ffdf58f3b19d9f2957124cc18c49ca25

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
RepublicOfChina
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member

evidence

—

Identifier

assert-h5c5d3b5c9ef348f54b5802f708fcfb08ffdf58f3b19d9f2957124cc18c49ca25

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

rule_application · urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:4b1a6f6f8748646d22693b4c086f59515bea5071b14cc9f60294942b421440aa

attributes

—

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
RepublicOfChina
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member_seat_held_by

evidence

—

Identifier

4b1a6f6f8748646d22693b4c086f59515bea5071b14cc9f60294942b421440aa

Type

rule_application

Premises

assert-h5c5d3b5c9ef348f54b5802f708fcfb08ffdf58f3b19d9f2957124cc18c49ca25

Rule

LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Identifier: RepublicOfChina
Type: entity_ref

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h95b1a57a07a53f49ec8dcbb91c442be4fdf9ca5f19fb2fa7ee84192725768c7a

attributes

assertion: assert-h95b1a57a07a53f49ec8dcbb91c442be4fdf9ca5f19fb2fa7ee84192725768c7a

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
UnitedKingdomState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member

evidence

—

Identifier

assert-h95b1a57a07a53f49ec8dcbb91c442be4fdf9ca5f19fb2fa7ee84192725768c7a

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

rule_application · urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:ce60c6e3d670f6229c478e6f4fa5860728de789f588132e65e8a1127d110648f

attributes

—

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
UnitedKingdomState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member_seat_held_by

evidence

—

Identifier

ce60c6e3d670f6229c478e6f4fa5860728de789f588132e65e8a1127d110648f

Type

rule_application

Premises

assert-h95b1a57a07a53f49ec8dcbb91c442be4fdf9ca5f19fb2fa7ee84192725768c7a

Rule

LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Identifier: UnitedKingdomState
Type: entity_ref

query_evaluation · urn:proof:query:same-vote#case/ProceduralNineFor/query/decision-blocked-procedural

attributes

—

conclusion

literal

Arguments

Identifier
procedural
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

decision_blocked_by_permanent_member

truthStatus

Not established

evidence

—

Identifier

case/ProceduralNineFor/query/decision-blocked-procedural

Type

query_evaluation

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

Calendar and proof identifiers

Proof reference: case/ProceduralNineFor/query/decision-blocked-procedural

Original reasoning · JSON

{
  "evaluation": {
    "conflicts": [],
    "issues": [],
    "manifest": {
      "artifactHash": "sha256:0767659ce1336a603665167add3678052c57846e4619007a6ccdc6398fcf294e",
      "calendarSnapshot": "",
      "caseHash": "sha256:1f67054f049ffdc7e642488912ebfd3e0f3d27a06f383220673bf3a4531fb783",
      "decisionTime": "2026-01-01T12:00:00Z",
      "evidenceSnapshotHash": "sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
      "externalSnapshots": {},
      "id": "urn:manifest:oracle-1",
      "interpretations": [],
      "knowledgeTime": "2026-01-01T12:00:00Z",
      "legalTime": "2026-01-01",
      "lockfileHash": "sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
      "mode": "audit",
      "policies": {},
      "programHash": "sha256:53761165015b682383430aa74b59233f973da8e16ffe719420f98edd8b25519d",
      "resolvedEditions": {},
      "semanticHash": "sha256:3cf0568970e1a06c5498d2ee5503776286b0db7486adea19f9581089911be5da",
      "semantics": "law.core/0.2.1",
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SourcesExcerpts: 2

Article 23

Article 23 The Security Council shall consist of fifteen Members of the United Nations. The Republic of China, France, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America shall be permanent members of the Security Council. The General Assembly shall elect ten other Members of the United Nations to be non-permanent members of the Security Council, due regard being specially paid, in the first instance to the contribution of Members of the United Nations to the maintenance of international peace and security and to the other purposes of the Organization, and also to equitable geographical distribution. The non-permanent members of the Security Council shall be elected for a term of two years. In the first election of the non-permanent members after the increase of the membership of the Security Council from eleven to fifteen, two of the four additional members shall be chosen for a term of one year. A retiring member shall not be eligible for immediate re-election. Each member of the Security Council shall have one representative.

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      "text": "Article 23\nThe Security Council shall consist of fifteen Members of the United Nations. The Republic of China, France, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America shall be permanent members of the Security Council. The General Assembly shall elect ten other Members of the United Nations to be non-permanent members of the Security Council, due regard being specially paid, in the first instance to the contribution of Members of the United Nations to the maintenance of international peace and security and to the other purposes of the Organization, and also to equitable geographical distribution.\nThe non-permanent members of the Security Council shall be elected for a term of two years. In the first election of the non-permanent members after the increase of the membership of the Security Council from eleven to fifteen, two of the four additional members shall be chosen for a term of one year. A retiring member shall not be eligible for immediate re-election.\nEach member of the Security Council shall have one representative."
    }
  ]
}

Article 27

Article 27 Each member of the Security Council shall have one vote. Decisions of the Security Council on procedural matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members. Decisions of the Security Council on all other matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members including the concurring votes of the permanent members; provided that, in decisions under Chapter VI, and under paragraph 3 of Article 52, a party to a dispute shall abstain from voting.

Original data · JSON

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  "contentHash": "sha256:d76f30a3ec91422c1506becd5504f2054bd298551bdef3717ebfbb411ee4fda6",
  "edition": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#UN_CHARTER_EN",
  "fragmentKind": "article",
  "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#UNC_EN_ART27",
  "kind": "fragment",
  "locator": "article/27",
  "package": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter",
  "texts": [
    {
      "contentHash": "sha256:d2e1200a16b6cc23e35a408e6f305c6a42aec1ae602e3202d05006d4577ea403",
      "language": "en",
      "status": "official",
      "text": "Article 27\nEach member of the Security Council shall have one vote.\nDecisions of the Security Council on procedural matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members.\nDecisions of the Security Council on all other matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members including the concurring votes of the permanent members; provided that, in decisions under Chapter VI, and under paragraph 3 of Article 52, a party to a dispute shall abstain from voting."
    }
  ]
}

Packages in the snapshot

un.charter

Technical dataFull response, parameters and checksums

Calculation status: COMPUTED

Full engine response

Procedural vote: paragraph 3 does not block it

Complete machine result · JSON

{
  "answer": {
    "evaluationStatus": "COMPUTED",
    "kind": "TRUTH",
    "missingInputs": [],
    "truthStatus": "NEITHER"
  },
  "evaluation": {
    "conflicts": [],
    "issues": [],
    "manifest": {
      "artifactHash": "sha256:0767659ce1336a603665167add3678052c57846e4619007a6ccdc6398fcf294e",
      "calendarSnapshot": "",
      "caseHash": "sha256:1f67054f049ffdc7e642488912ebfd3e0f3d27a06f383220673bf3a4531fb783",
      "decisionTime": "2026-01-01T12:00:00Z",
      "evidenceSnapshotHash": "sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
      "externalSnapshots": {},
      "id": "urn:manifest:oracle-1",
      "interpretations": [],
      "knowledgeTime": "2026-01-01T12:00:00Z",
      "legalTime": "2026-01-01",
      "lockfileHash": "sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
      "mode": "audit",
      "policies": {},
      "programHash": "sha256:53761165015b682383430aa74b59233f973da8e16ffe719420f98edd8b25519d",
      "resolvedEditions": {},
      "semanticHash": "sha256:3cf0568970e1a06c5498d2ee5503776286b0db7486adea19f9581089911be5da",
      "semantics": "law.core/0.2.1",
      "theoryHash": "sha256:53761165015b682383430aa74b59233f973da8e16ffe719420f98edd8b25519d",
      "timezone": "UTC"
    },
    "positions": [],
    "proofGraph": {
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          },
          "conclusion": {
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              },
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              }
            ],
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            "polarity": "positive",
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        {
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                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
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        {
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        },
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Execution · JSON

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Download JSON ↓

Display metadata

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JSON · calculations, sources and exact data

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evaluation SHA-256: sha256:69f40ba7bca8da16178dcc56504041865be8a7cb9dc4d17949bf5a72607951c5

Original data · JSON

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Nine votes on a procedural matter adopt the decision. Paragraph 3 does not block it.

Procedural vote: the decision is adopted

Condition

Letter of article 27(3): adoption is not established

Jurisdiction InternationalLaw as of 2026-01-01

Calculation result

Not established

Input parameters

What we are finding

the Security Council decision is adopted

abstention

Input facts

Decision (of the Security Council or the General Assembly)
d: d
Subject shared by the facts below
the decision is not on a procedural matter (Art. 27, para. 3)
the State casts a vote in favour (Art. 18, Art. 27)
s
france
uk
us
m0
m1
m2
m3
m4
m5
the State abstains (Art. 27, para. 3)
s: soviet

s
france
uk
us
m0
m1
m2
m3
m4
m5

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        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m4",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m5",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#soviet",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#abstains"
    }
  ],
  "kind": "truth",
  "legalTime": "2026-01-01",
  "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#decision_adopted"
}

Why this resultApplied rules and conditions

Derivation path1 steps

1
Query evaluation
query

verified by the engine: 1 · case fact: 0 · Full graph: 14 nodes

Steps of the saved proof from the case facts to the answer. Formulas are shown as written in the norm with bound values substituted; the page recomputes nothing.

Applied rules2

un.charter

The letter of Article 23: the five named States hold a permanent seat
Identifier
urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat
Article 27, paragraph 3 (the letter, negative side). A permanent member that votes against or abstains does not give a concurring vote.
Identifier
urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#NonProceduralDecisionBlockedByPermanentMemberLetter

Proof graph

Proof graph · 1 layer

Proof nodes: 14 · assertion 7, rule_application 6, query_evaluation 1

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#non-proc

attributes

assertion: non-proc

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
abstention
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

is_non_procedural_matter

evidence

—

Identifier

non-proc

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#su

attributes

assertion: su

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
abstention
Type
entity_ref
Identifier
SovietUnion
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

abstains

evidence

—

Identifier

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h16351e0bed59b62494f1c5210d0fd5a006de40ee549557096968b0b2c2e81693

attributes

assertion: assert-h16351e0bed59b62494f1c5210d0fd5a006de40ee549557096968b0b2c2e81693

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
FranceState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member

evidence

—

Identifier

assert-h16351e0bed59b62494f1c5210d0fd5a006de40ee549557096968b0b2c2e81693

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

rule_application · urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:e6cdd1b41bb6a401a290db8d3f9e0e3e09802f9c184a1edc05d29d0412a6717f

attributes

—

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
FranceState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member_seat_held_by

evidence

—

Identifier

e6cdd1b41bb6a401a290db8d3f9e0e3e09802f9c184a1edc05d29d0412a6717f

Type

rule_application

Premises

assert-h16351e0bed59b62494f1c5210d0fd5a006de40ee549557096968b0b2c2e81693

Rule

LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Identifier: FranceState
Type: entity_ref

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h1670ff143db3b3d29021dc7ad7985b349772e84c0b76792a3ee656307d221a85

attributes

assertion: assert-h1670ff143db3b3d29021dc7ad7985b349772e84c0b76792a3ee656307d221a85

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
SovietUnion
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member

evidence

—

Identifier

assert-h1670ff143db3b3d29021dc7ad7985b349772e84c0b76792a3ee656307d221a85

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

rule_application · urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:8b78e920fb454ef68cfd4d28faa95e701383a4945549927ddb0e490175215890

attributes

—

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
SovietUnion
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member_seat_held_by

evidence

—

Identifier

8b78e920fb454ef68cfd4d28faa95e701383a4945549927ddb0e490175215890

Type

rule_application

Premises

assert-h1670ff143db3b3d29021dc7ad7985b349772e84c0b76792a3ee656307d221a85

Rule

LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Identifier: SovietUnion
Type: entity_ref

rule_application · urn:proof:apply:NonProceduralDecisionBlockedByPermanentMemberLetter:bf65aceb906673e4044d5f01873bd363ecc08a4dbd3f91a2fa9c1c48b768916e

attributes

—

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
abstention
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

decision_blocked_by_permanent_member

evidence

—

Identifier

bf65aceb906673e4044d5f01873bd363ecc08a4dbd3f91a2fa9c1c48b768916e

Type

rule_application

Premises

8b78e920fb454ef68cfd4d28faa95e701383a4945549927ddb0e490175215890
non-proc
su

Rule

NonProceduralDecisionBlockedByPermanentMemberLetter

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Identifier: abstention
Type: entity_ref

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h2577471a877f419d16417bc8ce7642e21e0eaa2649933f621cead7f558251c22

attributes

assertion: assert-h2577471a877f419d16417bc8ce7642e21e0eaa2649933f621cead7f558251c22

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
UnitedStatesState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member

evidence

—

Identifier

assert-h2577471a877f419d16417bc8ce7642e21e0eaa2649933f621cead7f558251c22

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

rule_application · urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:a2e3e604e9de005e17c81a51ce629be98e8e9e509a506046e0cde52b32321222

attributes

—

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
UnitedStatesState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member_seat_held_by

evidence

—

Identifier

a2e3e604e9de005e17c81a51ce629be98e8e9e509a506046e0cde52b32321222

Type

rule_application

Premises

assert-h2577471a877f419d16417bc8ce7642e21e0eaa2649933f621cead7f558251c22

Rule

LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Identifier: UnitedStatesState
Type: entity_ref

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h5c5d3b5c9ef348f54b5802f708fcfb08ffdf58f3b19d9f2957124cc18c49ca25

attributes

assertion: assert-h5c5d3b5c9ef348f54b5802f708fcfb08ffdf58f3b19d9f2957124cc18c49ca25

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
RepublicOfChina
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member

evidence

—

Identifier

assert-h5c5d3b5c9ef348f54b5802f708fcfb08ffdf58f3b19d9f2957124cc18c49ca25

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

rule_application · urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:4b1a6f6f8748646d22693b4c086f59515bea5071b14cc9f60294942b421440aa

attributes

—

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
RepublicOfChina
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member_seat_held_by

evidence

—

Identifier

4b1a6f6f8748646d22693b4c086f59515bea5071b14cc9f60294942b421440aa

Type

rule_application

Premises

assert-h5c5d3b5c9ef348f54b5802f708fcfb08ffdf58f3b19d9f2957124cc18c49ca25

Rule

LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Identifier: RepublicOfChina
Type: entity_ref

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h95b1a57a07a53f49ec8dcbb91c442be4fdf9ca5f19fb2fa7ee84192725768c7a

attributes

assertion: assert-h95b1a57a07a53f49ec8dcbb91c442be4fdf9ca5f19fb2fa7ee84192725768c7a

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
UnitedKingdomState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member

evidence

—

Identifier

assert-h95b1a57a07a53f49ec8dcbb91c442be4fdf9ca5f19fb2fa7ee84192725768c7a

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

rule_application · urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:ce60c6e3d670f6229c478e6f4fa5860728de789f588132e65e8a1127d110648f

attributes

—

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
UnitedKingdomState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member_seat_held_by

evidence

—

Identifier

ce60c6e3d670f6229c478e6f4fa5860728de789f588132e65e8a1127d110648f

Type

rule_application

Premises

assert-h95b1a57a07a53f49ec8dcbb91c442be4fdf9ca5f19fb2fa7ee84192725768c7a

Rule

LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Identifier: UnitedKingdomState
Type: entity_ref

query_evaluation · urn:proof:query:same-vote#case/AbstentionLetter/query/decision-adopted-abstention

attributes

—

conclusion

literal

Arguments

Identifier
abstention
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

decision_adopted

truthStatus

Not established

evidence

—

Identifier

case/AbstentionLetter/query/decision-adopted-abstention

Type

query_evaluation

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

Calendar and proof identifiers

Proof reference: case/AbstentionLetter/query/decision-adopted-abstention

Original reasoning · JSON

{
  "evaluation": {
    "conflicts": [],
    "issues": [],
    "manifest": {
      "artifactHash": "sha256:0767659ce1336a603665167add3678052c57846e4619007a6ccdc6398fcf294e",
      "calendarSnapshot": "",
      "caseHash": "sha256:d95df12017d0aa072cb5bf5e1506fad463a05c883c87659a486ffdbaf4dc5d7a",
      "decisionTime": "2026-01-01T12:00:00Z",
      "evidenceSnapshotHash": "sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
      "externalSnapshots": {},
      "id": "urn:manifest:oracle-1",
      "interpretations": [],
      "knowledgeTime": "2026-01-01T12:00:00Z",
      "legalTime": "2026-01-01",
      "lockfileHash": "sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
      "mode": "audit",
      "policies": {},
      "programHash": "sha256:53761165015b682383430aa74b59233f973da8e16ffe719420f98edd8b25519d",
      "resolvedEditions": {},
      "semanticHash": "sha256:f471ac863dae5c0222bd0979e799fb42017696c6c07edc3877c8bf7db88daaac",
      "semantics": "law.core/0.2.1",
      "theoryHash": "sha256:53761165015b682383430aa74b59233f973da8e16ffe719420f98edd8b25519d",
      "timezone": "UTC"
    },
    "positions": [],
    "proofGraph": {
      "nodes": [
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#non-proc"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#is_non_procedural_matter"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#non-proc",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#su"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#SovietUnion",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#abstains"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#su",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h16351e0bed59b62494f1c5210d0fd5a006de40ee549557096968b0b2c2e81693"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#FranceState",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#permanent_member"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h16351e0bed59b62494f1c5210d0fd5a006de40ee549557096968b0b2c2e81693",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {},
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#FranceState",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#permanent_member_seat_held_by"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:e6cdd1b41bb6a401a290db8d3f9e0e3e09802f9c184a1edc05d29d0412a6717f",
          "kind": "rule_application",
          "premises": [
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h16351e0bed59b62494f1c5210d0fd5a006de40ee549557096968b0b2c2e81693"
          ],
          "rule": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat",
          "sourceAnchors": [],
          "substitution": {
            "v0": {
              "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#FranceState",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h1670ff143db3b3d29021dc7ad7985b349772e84c0b76792a3ee656307d221a85"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#SovietUnion",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#permanent_member"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h1670ff143db3b3d29021dc7ad7985b349772e84c0b76792a3ee656307d221a85",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {},
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#SovietUnion",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#permanent_member_seat_held_by"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:8b78e920fb454ef68cfd4d28faa95e701383a4945549927ddb0e490175215890",
          "kind": "rule_application",
          "premises": [
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h1670ff143db3b3d29021dc7ad7985b349772e84c0b76792a3ee656307d221a85"
          ],
          "rule": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat",
          "sourceAnchors": [],
          "substitution": {
            "v0": {
              "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#SovietUnion",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "attributes": {},
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#decision_blocked_by_permanent_member"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:apply:NonProceduralDecisionBlockedByPermanentMemberLetter:bf65aceb906673e4044d5f01873bd363ecc08a4dbd3f91a2fa9c1c48b768916e",
          "kind": "rule_application",
          "premises": [
            "urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:8b78e920fb454ef68cfd4d28faa95e701383a4945549927ddb0e490175215890",
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#non-proc",
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#su"
          ],
          "rule": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#NonProceduralDecisionBlockedByPermanentMemberLetter",
          "sourceAnchors": [],
          "substitution": {
            "v0": {
              "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h2577471a877f419d16417bc8ce7642e21e0eaa2649933f621cead7f558251c22"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#UnitedStatesState",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#permanent_member"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h2577471a877f419d16417bc8ce7642e21e0eaa2649933f621cead7f558251c22",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {},
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#UnitedStatesState",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#permanent_member_seat_held_by"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:a2e3e604e9de005e17c81a51ce629be98e8e9e509a506046e0cde52b32321222",
          "kind": "rule_application",
          "premises": [
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h2577471a877f419d16417bc8ce7642e21e0eaa2649933f621cead7f558251c22"
          ],
          "rule": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat",
          "sourceAnchors": [],
          "substitution": {
            "v0": {
              "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#UnitedStatesState",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h5c5d3b5c9ef348f54b5802f708fcfb08ffdf58f3b19d9f2957124cc18c49ca25"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#RepublicOfChina",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#permanent_member"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h5c5d3b5c9ef348f54b5802f708fcfb08ffdf58f3b19d9f2957124cc18c49ca25",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {},
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#RepublicOfChina",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#permanent_member_seat_held_by"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:4b1a6f6f8748646d22693b4c086f59515bea5071b14cc9f60294942b421440aa",
          "kind": "rule_application",
          "premises": [
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h5c5d3b5c9ef348f54b5802f708fcfb08ffdf58f3b19d9f2957124cc18c49ca25"
          ],
          "rule": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat",
          "sourceAnchors": [],
          "substitution": {
            "v0": {
              "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#RepublicOfChina",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h95b1a57a07a53f49ec8dcbb91c442be4fdf9ca5f19fb2fa7ee84192725768c7a"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
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}

SourcesExcerpts: 2

Article 23

Article 23 The Security Council shall consist of fifteen Members of the United Nations. The Republic of China, France, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America shall be permanent members of the Security Council. The General Assembly shall elect ten other Members of the United Nations to be non-permanent members of the Security Council, due regard being specially paid, in the first instance to the contribution of Members of the United Nations to the maintenance of international peace and security and to the other purposes of the Organization, and also to equitable geographical distribution. The non-permanent members of the Security Council shall be elected for a term of two years. In the first election of the non-permanent members after the increase of the membership of the Security Council from eleven to fifteen, two of the four additional members shall be chosen for a term of one year. A retiring member shall not be eligible for immediate re-election. Each member of the Security Council shall have one representative.

Original data · JSON

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  "edition": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#UN_CHARTER_EN",
  "fragmentKind": "article",
  "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#UNC_EN_ART23",
  "kind": "fragment",
  "locator": "article/23",
  "package": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter",
  "texts": [
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      "contentHash": "sha256:04634bcee8d5f914608d8ed6dce1d8bde70766de1ad6f66aded63661b6cceeb7",
      "language": "en",
      "status": "official",
      "text": "Article 23\nThe Security Council shall consist of fifteen Members of the United Nations. The Republic of China, France, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America shall be permanent members of the Security Council. The General Assembly shall elect ten other Members of the United Nations to be non-permanent members of the Security Council, due regard being specially paid, in the first instance to the contribution of Members of the United Nations to the maintenance of international peace and security and to the other purposes of the Organization, and also to equitable geographical distribution.\nThe non-permanent members of the Security Council shall be elected for a term of two years. In the first election of the non-permanent members after the increase of the membership of the Security Council from eleven to fifteen, two of the four additional members shall be chosen for a term of one year. A retiring member shall not be eligible for immediate re-election.\nEach member of the Security Council shall have one representative."
    }
  ]
}

Article 27

Article 27 Each member of the Security Council shall have one vote. Decisions of the Security Council on procedural matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members. Decisions of the Security Council on all other matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members including the concurring votes of the permanent members; provided that, in decisions under Chapter VI, and under paragraph 3 of Article 52, a party to a dispute shall abstain from voting.

Original data · JSON

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  "edition": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#UN_CHARTER_EN",
  "fragmentKind": "article",
  "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#UNC_EN_ART27",
  "kind": "fragment",
  "locator": "article/27",
  "package": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter",
  "texts": [
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      "language": "en",
      "status": "official",
      "text": "Article 27\nEach member of the Security Council shall have one vote.\nDecisions of the Security Council on procedural matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members.\nDecisions of the Security Council on all other matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members including the concurring votes of the permanent members; provided that, in decisions under Chapter VI, and under paragraph 3 of Article 52, a party to a dispute shall abstain from voting."
    }
  ]
}

Packages in the snapshot

un.charter

Technical dataFull response, parameters and checksums

Calculation status: COMPUTED

Full engine response

Letter of article 27(3): adoption is not established

Complete machine result · JSON

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Execution · JSON

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JSON · calculations, sources and exact data

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evaluation SHA-256: sha256:86bcd3b0ae987d160428c92424784426d4f904db5b32ca662c60d07dae9bb874

Original data · JSON

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  ],
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      "origin": "case_input",
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      ],
      "negated": false,
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        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#uk",
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    },
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        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m0",
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      ],
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      "origin": "case_input",
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    {
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      ],
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      "origin": "case_input",
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        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m2",
          "kind": "const_ref"
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      ],
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      "origin": "case_input",
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    },
    {
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          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
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        {
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          "kind": "const_ref"
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      ],
      "negated": false,
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      ],
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    }
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Condition

Letter of article 27(3): the abstention blocks

Jurisdiction InternationalLaw as of 2026-01-01

Calculation result

Established

Input parameters

What we are finding

the decision is blocked by a permanent member — by a vote against, or (by the letter) by abstention (Art. 27, para. 3)

abstention

Input facts

Decision (of the Security Council or the General Assembly)
d: d
Subject shared by the facts below
the decision is not on a procedural matter (Art. 27, para. 3)
the State casts a vote in favour (Art. 18, Art. 27)
s
france
uk
us
m0
m1
m2
m3
m4
m5
the State abstains (Art. 27, para. 3)
s: soviet

s
france
uk
us
m0
m1
m2
m3
m4
m5

Original data · JSON

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        {
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      ],
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        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m0",
          "kind": "const_ref"
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      ],
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      "origin": "case_input",
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        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m2",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m3",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m4",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m5",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#soviet",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#abstains"
    }
  ],
  "kind": "truth",
  "legalTime": "2026-01-01",
  "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#decision_blocked_by_permanent_member"
}

Why this resultApplied rules and conditions

Derivation path6 steps

1
the decision is not on a procedural matter (Art. 27, para. 3)
d: urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention
case fact
2
the State abstains (Art. 27, para. 3)
d: urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention; s: Soviet Union
case fact
3
permanent member of the Security Council (Art. 23, para. 1)
s: Soviet Union
origin not recorded
4
The letter of Article 23: the five named States hold a permanent seat
the State holds a permanent seat for voting purposes (letter of Art. 23, or continuity/seat transfer): s: Soviet Union
art. 23
Identifier
urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat
rule
5
Article 27, paragraph 3 (the letter, negative side). A permanent member that votes against or abstains does not give a concurring vote.
the decision is blocked by a permanent member — by a vote against, or (by the letter) by abstention (Art. 27, para. 3): d: urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention
art. 27
Identifier
urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#NonProceduralDecisionBlockedByPermanentMemberLetter
rule
6
Query evaluation
query

verified by the engine: 3 · case fact: 2 · origin not recorded: 1 · Full graph: 14 nodes

Steps of the saved proof from the case facts to the answer. Formulas are shown as written in the norm with bound values substituted; the page recomputes nothing.

Basis of this answer

Rules on the saved proof path for this answer.

un.charter

The letter of Article 23: the five named States hold a permanent seat
Identifier
urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat
Article 27, paragraph 3 (the letter, negative side). A permanent member that votes against or abstains does not give a concurring vote.
Identifier
urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#NonProceduralDecisionBlockedByPermanentMemberLetter

Proof graph

Proof graph · 4 layer

Proof nodes: 14 · assertion 7, rule_application 6, query_evaluation 1

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#non-proc

attributes

assertion: non-proc

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
abstention
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

is_non_procedural_matter

evidence

—

Identifier

non-proc

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#su

attributes

assertion: su

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
abstention
Type
entity_ref
Identifier
SovietUnion
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

abstains

evidence

—

Identifier

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h16351e0bed59b62494f1c5210d0fd5a006de40ee549557096968b0b2c2e81693

attributes

assertion: assert-h16351e0bed59b62494f1c5210d0fd5a006de40ee549557096968b0b2c2e81693

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
FranceState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member

evidence

—

Identifier

assert-h16351e0bed59b62494f1c5210d0fd5a006de40ee549557096968b0b2c2e81693

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

rule_application · urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:e6cdd1b41bb6a401a290db8d3f9e0e3e09802f9c184a1edc05d29d0412a6717f

attributes

—

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
FranceState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member_seat_held_by

evidence

—

Identifier

e6cdd1b41bb6a401a290db8d3f9e0e3e09802f9c184a1edc05d29d0412a6717f

Type

rule_application

Premises

assert-h16351e0bed59b62494f1c5210d0fd5a006de40ee549557096968b0b2c2e81693

Rule

LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Identifier: FranceState
Type: entity_ref

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h1670ff143db3b3d29021dc7ad7985b349772e84c0b76792a3ee656307d221a85

attributes

assertion: assert-h1670ff143db3b3d29021dc7ad7985b349772e84c0b76792a3ee656307d221a85

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
SovietUnion
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member

evidence

—

Identifier

assert-h1670ff143db3b3d29021dc7ad7985b349772e84c0b76792a3ee656307d221a85

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

rule_application · urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:8b78e920fb454ef68cfd4d28faa95e701383a4945549927ddb0e490175215890

attributes

—

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
SovietUnion
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member_seat_held_by

evidence

—

Identifier

8b78e920fb454ef68cfd4d28faa95e701383a4945549927ddb0e490175215890

Type

rule_application

Premises

assert-h1670ff143db3b3d29021dc7ad7985b349772e84c0b76792a3ee656307d221a85

Rule

LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Identifier: SovietUnion
Type: entity_ref

rule_application · urn:proof:apply:NonProceduralDecisionBlockedByPermanentMemberLetter:bf65aceb906673e4044d5f01873bd363ecc08a4dbd3f91a2fa9c1c48b768916e

attributes

—

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
abstention
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

decision_blocked_by_permanent_member

evidence

—

Identifier

bf65aceb906673e4044d5f01873bd363ecc08a4dbd3f91a2fa9c1c48b768916e

Type

rule_application

Premises

8b78e920fb454ef68cfd4d28faa95e701383a4945549927ddb0e490175215890
non-proc
su

Rule

NonProceduralDecisionBlockedByPermanentMemberLetter

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Identifier: abstention
Type: entity_ref

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h2577471a877f419d16417bc8ce7642e21e0eaa2649933f621cead7f558251c22

attributes

assertion: assert-h2577471a877f419d16417bc8ce7642e21e0eaa2649933f621cead7f558251c22

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
UnitedStatesState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member

evidence

—

Identifier

assert-h2577471a877f419d16417bc8ce7642e21e0eaa2649933f621cead7f558251c22

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

rule_application · urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:a2e3e604e9de005e17c81a51ce629be98e8e9e509a506046e0cde52b32321222

attributes

—

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
UnitedStatesState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member_seat_held_by

evidence

—

Identifier

a2e3e604e9de005e17c81a51ce629be98e8e9e509a506046e0cde52b32321222

Type

rule_application

Premises

assert-h2577471a877f419d16417bc8ce7642e21e0eaa2649933f621cead7f558251c22

Rule

LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Identifier: UnitedStatesState
Type: entity_ref

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h5c5d3b5c9ef348f54b5802f708fcfb08ffdf58f3b19d9f2957124cc18c49ca25

attributes

assertion: assert-h5c5d3b5c9ef348f54b5802f708fcfb08ffdf58f3b19d9f2957124cc18c49ca25

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
RepublicOfChina
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member

evidence

—

Identifier

assert-h5c5d3b5c9ef348f54b5802f708fcfb08ffdf58f3b19d9f2957124cc18c49ca25

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

rule_application · urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:4b1a6f6f8748646d22693b4c086f59515bea5071b14cc9f60294942b421440aa

attributes

—

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
RepublicOfChina
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member_seat_held_by

evidence

—

Identifier

4b1a6f6f8748646d22693b4c086f59515bea5071b14cc9f60294942b421440aa

Type

rule_application

Premises

assert-h5c5d3b5c9ef348f54b5802f708fcfb08ffdf58f3b19d9f2957124cc18c49ca25

Rule

LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Identifier: RepublicOfChina
Type: entity_ref

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h95b1a57a07a53f49ec8dcbb91c442be4fdf9ca5f19fb2fa7ee84192725768c7a

attributes

assertion: assert-h95b1a57a07a53f49ec8dcbb91c442be4fdf9ca5f19fb2fa7ee84192725768c7a

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
UnitedKingdomState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member

evidence

—

Identifier

assert-h95b1a57a07a53f49ec8dcbb91c442be4fdf9ca5f19fb2fa7ee84192725768c7a

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

rule_application · urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:ce60c6e3d670f6229c478e6f4fa5860728de789f588132e65e8a1127d110648f

attributes

—

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
UnitedKingdomState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member_seat_held_by

evidence

—

Identifier

ce60c6e3d670f6229c478e6f4fa5860728de789f588132e65e8a1127d110648f

Type

rule_application

Premises

assert-h95b1a57a07a53f49ec8dcbb91c442be4fdf9ca5f19fb2fa7ee84192725768c7a

Rule

LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Identifier: UnitedKingdomState
Type: entity_ref

query_evaluation · urn:proof:query:same-vote#case/AbstentionLetter/query/decision-blocked-abstention

attributes

—

conclusion

literal

Arguments

Identifier
abstention
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

decision_blocked_by_permanent_member

truthStatus

Established

evidence

—

Identifier

case/AbstentionLetter/query/decision-blocked-abstention

Type

query_evaluation

Premises

bf65aceb906673e4044d5f01873bd363ecc08a4dbd3f91a2fa9c1c48b768916e

sourceAnchors

—

Calendar and proof identifiers

Proof reference: case/AbstentionLetter/query/decision-blocked-abstention

Original reasoning · JSON

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      "decisionTime": "2026-01-01T12:00:00Z",
      "evidenceSnapshotHash": "sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
      "externalSnapshots": {},
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      "knowledgeTime": "2026-01-01T12:00:00Z",
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      "lockfileHash": "sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
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      "timezone": "UTC"
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    "positions": [],
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                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention",
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            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#permanent_member_seat_held_by"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:e6cdd1b41bb6a401a290db8d3f9e0e3e09802f9c184a1edc05d29d0412a6717f",
          "kind": "rule_application",
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              "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#FranceState",
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                "kind": "entity_ref"
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            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#permanent_member"
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            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#permanent_member_seat_held_by"
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          "id": "urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:8b78e920fb454ef68cfd4d28faa95e701383a4945549927ddb0e490175215890",
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        },
        {
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          "conclusion": {
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                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#decision_blocked_by_permanent_member"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:apply:NonProceduralDecisionBlockedByPermanentMemberLetter:bf65aceb906673e4044d5f01873bd363ecc08a4dbd3f91a2fa9c1c48b768916e",
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            "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#su"
          ],
          "rule": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#NonProceduralDecisionBlockedByPermanentMemberLetter",
          "sourceAnchors": [],
          "substitution": {
            "v0": {
              "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
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        {
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          },
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                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#permanent_member"
          },
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          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h2577471a877f419d16417bc8ce7642e21e0eaa2649933f621cead7f558251c22",
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        },
        {
          "attributes": {},
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#UnitedStatesState",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#permanent_member_seat_held_by"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:a2e3e604e9de005e17c81a51ce629be98e8e9e509a506046e0cde52b32321222",
          "kind": "rule_application",
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          "sourceAnchors": [],
          "substitution": {
            "v0": {
              "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#UnitedStatesState",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
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          },
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  "rulesApplied": [
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  ]
}

SourcesExcerpts: 2

Article 23

Article 23 The Security Council shall consist of fifteen Members of the United Nations. The Republic of China, France, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America shall be permanent members of the Security Council. The General Assembly shall elect ten other Members of the United Nations to be non-permanent members of the Security Council, due regard being specially paid, in the first instance to the contribution of Members of the United Nations to the maintenance of international peace and security and to the other purposes of the Organization, and also to equitable geographical distribution. The non-permanent members of the Security Council shall be elected for a term of two years. In the first election of the non-permanent members after the increase of the membership of the Security Council from eleven to fifteen, two of the four additional members shall be chosen for a term of one year. A retiring member shall not be eligible for immediate re-election. Each member of the Security Council shall have one representative.

Original data · JSON

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  "edition": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#UN_CHARTER_EN",
  "fragmentKind": "article",
  "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#UNC_EN_ART23",
  "kind": "fragment",
  "locator": "article/23",
  "package": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter",
  "texts": [
    {
      "contentHash": "sha256:04634bcee8d5f914608d8ed6dce1d8bde70766de1ad6f66aded63661b6cceeb7",
      "language": "en",
      "status": "official",
      "text": "Article 23\nThe Security Council shall consist of fifteen Members of the United Nations. The Republic of China, France, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America shall be permanent members of the Security Council. The General Assembly shall elect ten other Members of the United Nations to be non-permanent members of the Security Council, due regard being specially paid, in the first instance to the contribution of Members of the United Nations to the maintenance of international peace and security and to the other purposes of the Organization, and also to equitable geographical distribution.\nThe non-permanent members of the Security Council shall be elected for a term of two years. In the first election of the non-permanent members after the increase of the membership of the Security Council from eleven to fifteen, two of the four additional members shall be chosen for a term of one year. A retiring member shall not be eligible for immediate re-election.\nEach member of the Security Council shall have one representative."
    }
  ]
}

Article 27

Article 27 Each member of the Security Council shall have one vote. Decisions of the Security Council on procedural matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members. Decisions of the Security Council on all other matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members including the concurring votes of the permanent members; provided that, in decisions under Chapter VI, and under paragraph 3 of Article 52, a party to a dispute shall abstain from voting.

Original data · JSON

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  "edition": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#UN_CHARTER_EN",
  "fragmentKind": "article",
  "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#UNC_EN_ART27",
  "kind": "fragment",
  "locator": "article/27",
  "package": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter",
  "texts": [
    {
      "contentHash": "sha256:d2e1200a16b6cc23e35a408e6f305c6a42aec1ae602e3202d05006d4577ea403",
      "language": "en",
      "status": "official",
      "text": "Article 27\nEach member of the Security Council shall have one vote.\nDecisions of the Security Council on procedural matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members.\nDecisions of the Security Council on all other matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members including the concurring votes of the permanent members; provided that, in decisions under Chapter VI, and under paragraph 3 of Article 52, a party to a dispute shall abstain from voting."
    }
  ]
}

Packages in the snapshot

un.charter

Technical dataFull response, parameters and checksums

Calculation status: COMPUTED

Full engine response

Letter of article 27(3): the abstention blocks

Complete machine result · JSON

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    "missingInputs": [],
    "truthStatus": "TRUE_ONLY"
  },
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      "decisionTime": "2026-01-01T12:00:00Z",
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      "id": "urn:manifest:oracle-1",
      "interpretations": [],
      "knowledgeTime": "2026-01-01T12:00:00Z",
      "legalTime": "2026-01-01",
      "lockfileHash": "sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
      "mode": "audit",
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          },
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Execution · JSON

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JSON · calculations, sources and exact data

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      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#uk",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#us",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m0",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m1",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m2",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m3",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m4",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m5",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#soviet",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#abstains"
    }
  ],
  "kind": "truth",
  "legalTime": "2026-01-01",
  "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#decision_blocked_by_permanent_member"
}

On the letter, a permanent member's abstention is not a concurring vote. The decision is not adopted, and the missing vote blocks.

Letter of article 27(3): adoption is not established

Condition

Practice: the decision is adopted

Jurisdiction InternationalLaw as of 2026-01-01

Calculation result

Established

Input parameters

What we are finding

the Security Council decision is adopted

abstention

Input facts

Decision (of the Security Council or the General Assembly)
d: d
Subject shared by the facts below
the decision is not on a procedural matter (Art. 27, para. 3)
the State casts a vote in favour (Art. 18, Art. 27)
s
france
uk
us
m0
m1
m2
m3
m4
m5
the State abstains (Art. 27, para. 3)
s: soviet

s
france
uk
us
m0
m1
m2
m3
m4
m5

Original data · JSON

{
  "args": [
    {
      "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention",
      "kind": "entity_ref"
    }
  ],
  "facts": [
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#is_non_procedural_matter"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#france",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#uk",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#us",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m0",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m1",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m2",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m3",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m4",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m5",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#soviet",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#abstains"
    }
  ],
  "kind": "truth",
  "legalTime": "2026-01-01",
  "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#decision_adopted"
}

Why this resultApplied rules and conditions

Derivation path12 steps

1
the State casts a vote in favour (Art. 18, Art. 27)
d: urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention; s: France State
case fact
2
the State casts a vote in favour (Art. 18, Art. 27)
d: urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention; s: urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:m0
case fact
3
the State casts a vote in favour (Art. 18, Art. 27)
d: urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention; s: urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:m1
case fact
4
the State casts a vote in favour (Art. 18, Art. 27)
d: urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention; s: urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:m2
case fact
5
the State casts a vote in favour (Art. 18, Art. 27)
d: urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention; s: urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:m3
case fact
6
the State casts a vote in favour (Art. 18, Art. 27)
d: urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention; s: urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:m4
case fact
7
the State casts a vote in favour (Art. 18, Art. 27)
d: urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention; s: urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:m5
case fact
8
the decision is not on a procedural matter (Art. 27, para. 3)
d: urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention
case fact
9
the State casts a vote in favour (Art. 18, Art. 27)
d: urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention; s: United Kingdom State
case fact
10
the State casts a vote in favour (Art. 18, Art. 27)
d: urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention; s: United States State
case fact
11
Council practice (since 1946), blessed by the International Court of Justice (Namibia advisory opinion, 1971, para. 22): a permanent member's abstention does not block the decision.
the Security Council decision is adopted: d: urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention
art. 27
Identifier
urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#NonProceduralDecisionAdoptedDespiteAbstention
rule
12
Query evaluation
query

verified by the engine: 2 · case fact: 10 · Full graph: 25 nodes

Steps of the saved proof from the case facts to the answer. Formulas are shown as written in the norm with bound values substituted; the page recomputes nothing.

Basis of this answer

Rules on the saved proof path for this answer.

un.charter

Council practice (since 1946), blessed by the International Court of Justice (Namibia advisory opinion, 1971, para. 22): a permanent member's abstention does not block the decision.
Identifier
urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#NonProceduralDecisionAdoptedDespiteAbstention

Other rules in the evaluation2

Applied in the overall evaluation, but not on the proof path for this answer.

un.charter

The letter of Article 23: the five named States hold a permanent seat
Identifier
urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat
Article 27, paragraph 3 (the letter, negative side). A permanent member that votes against or abstains does not give a concurring vote.
Identifier
urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#NonProceduralDecisionBlockedByPermanentMemberLetter

Proof graph

Proof graph · 3 layer

Proof nodes: 25 · assertion 16, rule_application 7, interpretation_selection 1, query_evaluation 1

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#fr

attributes

assertion: fr

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
abstention
Type
entity_ref
Identifier
FranceState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

casts_vote_for

evidence

—

Identifier

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m0

attributes

assertion: m0

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
abstention
Type
entity_ref
Identifier
m0
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

casts_vote_for

evidence

—

Identifier

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m1

attributes

assertion: m1

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
abstention
Type
entity_ref
Identifier
m1
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

casts_vote_for

evidence

—

Identifier

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m2

attributes

assertion: m2

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
abstention
Type
entity_ref
Identifier
m2
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

casts_vote_for

evidence

—

Identifier

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m3

attributes

assertion: m3

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
abstention
Type
entity_ref
Identifier
m3
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

casts_vote_for

evidence

—

Identifier

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m4

attributes

assertion: m4

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
abstention
Type
entity_ref
Identifier
m4
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

casts_vote_for

evidence

—

Identifier

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m5

attributes

assertion: m5

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
abstention
Type
entity_ref
Identifier
m5
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

casts_vote_for

evidence

—

Identifier

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#non-proc

attributes

assertion: non-proc

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
abstention
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

is_non_procedural_matter

evidence

—

Identifier

non-proc

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#su

attributes

assertion: su

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
abstention
Type
entity_ref
Identifier
SovietUnion
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

abstains

evidence

—

Identifier

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#uk

attributes

assertion: uk

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
abstention
Type
entity_ref
Identifier
UnitedKingdomState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

casts_vote_for

evidence

—

Identifier

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#us

attributes

assertion: us

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
abstention
Type
entity_ref
Identifier
UnitedStatesState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

casts_vote_for

evidence

—

Identifier

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

rule_application · urn:proof:apply:NonProceduralDecisionAdoptedDespiteAbstention:3544c26849871a80ce5cbfa955cd476259192610287c691e959f558c5bbcb46c

attributes

—

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
abstention
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

decision_adopted

evidence

—

Identifier

3544c26849871a80ce5cbfa955cd476259192610287c691e959f558c5bbcb46c

Type

rule_application

Premises

fr
m0
m1
m2
m3
m4
m5
non-proc
uk
us

Rule

NonProceduralDecisionAdoptedDespiteAbstention

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Identifier: abstention
Type: entity_ref

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h16351e0bed59b62494f1c5210d0fd5a006de40ee549557096968b0b2c2e81693

attributes

assertion: assert-h16351e0bed59b62494f1c5210d0fd5a006de40ee549557096968b0b2c2e81693

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
FranceState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member

evidence

—

Identifier

assert-h16351e0bed59b62494f1c5210d0fd5a006de40ee549557096968b0b2c2e81693

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

rule_application · urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:e6cdd1b41bb6a401a290db8d3f9e0e3e09802f9c184a1edc05d29d0412a6717f

attributes

—

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
FranceState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member_seat_held_by

evidence

—

Identifier

e6cdd1b41bb6a401a290db8d3f9e0e3e09802f9c184a1edc05d29d0412a6717f

Type

rule_application

Premises

assert-h16351e0bed59b62494f1c5210d0fd5a006de40ee549557096968b0b2c2e81693

Rule

LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Identifier: FranceState
Type: entity_ref

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h1670ff143db3b3d29021dc7ad7985b349772e84c0b76792a3ee656307d221a85

attributes

assertion: assert-h1670ff143db3b3d29021dc7ad7985b349772e84c0b76792a3ee656307d221a85

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
SovietUnion
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member

evidence

—

Identifier

assert-h1670ff143db3b3d29021dc7ad7985b349772e84c0b76792a3ee656307d221a85

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

rule_application · urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:8b78e920fb454ef68cfd4d28faa95e701383a4945549927ddb0e490175215890

attributes

—

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
SovietUnion
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member_seat_held_by

evidence

—

Identifier

8b78e920fb454ef68cfd4d28faa95e701383a4945549927ddb0e490175215890

Type

rule_application

Premises

assert-h1670ff143db3b3d29021dc7ad7985b349772e84c0b76792a3ee656307d221a85

Rule

LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Identifier: SovietUnion
Type: entity_ref

rule_application · urn:proof:apply:NonProceduralDecisionBlockedByPermanentMemberLetter:bf65aceb906673e4044d5f01873bd363ecc08a4dbd3f91a2fa9c1c48b768916e

attributes

—

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
abstention
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

decision_blocked_by_permanent_member

evidence

—

Identifier

bf65aceb906673e4044d5f01873bd363ecc08a4dbd3f91a2fa9c1c48b768916e

Type

rule_application

Premises

8b78e920fb454ef68cfd4d28faa95e701383a4945549927ddb0e490175215890
non-proc
su

Rule

NonProceduralDecisionBlockedByPermanentMemberLetter

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Identifier: abstention
Type: entity_ref

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h2577471a877f419d16417bc8ce7642e21e0eaa2649933f621cead7f558251c22

attributes

assertion: assert-h2577471a877f419d16417bc8ce7642e21e0eaa2649933f621cead7f558251c22

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
UnitedStatesState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member

evidence

—

Identifier

assert-h2577471a877f419d16417bc8ce7642e21e0eaa2649933f621cead7f558251c22

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

rule_application · urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:a2e3e604e9de005e17c81a51ce629be98e8e9e509a506046e0cde52b32321222

attributes

—

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
UnitedStatesState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member_seat_held_by

evidence

—

Identifier

a2e3e604e9de005e17c81a51ce629be98e8e9e509a506046e0cde52b32321222

Type

rule_application

Premises

assert-h2577471a877f419d16417bc8ce7642e21e0eaa2649933f621cead7f558251c22

Rule

LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Identifier: UnitedStatesState
Type: entity_ref

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h5c5d3b5c9ef348f54b5802f708fcfb08ffdf58f3b19d9f2957124cc18c49ca25

attributes

assertion: assert-h5c5d3b5c9ef348f54b5802f708fcfb08ffdf58f3b19d9f2957124cc18c49ca25

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
RepublicOfChina
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member

evidence

—

Identifier

assert-h5c5d3b5c9ef348f54b5802f708fcfb08ffdf58f3b19d9f2957124cc18c49ca25

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

rule_application · urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:4b1a6f6f8748646d22693b4c086f59515bea5071b14cc9f60294942b421440aa

attributes

—

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
RepublicOfChina
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member_seat_held_by

evidence

—

Identifier

4b1a6f6f8748646d22693b4c086f59515bea5071b14cc9f60294942b421440aa

Type

rule_application

Premises

assert-h5c5d3b5c9ef348f54b5802f708fcfb08ffdf58f3b19d9f2957124cc18c49ca25

Rule

LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Identifier: RepublicOfChina
Type: entity_ref

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h95b1a57a07a53f49ec8dcbb91c442be4fdf9ca5f19fb2fa7ee84192725768c7a

attributes

assertion: assert-h95b1a57a07a53f49ec8dcbb91c442be4fdf9ca5f19fb2fa7ee84192725768c7a

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
UnitedKingdomState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member

evidence

—

Identifier

assert-h95b1a57a07a53f49ec8dcbb91c442be4fdf9ca5f19fb2fa7ee84192725768c7a

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

rule_application · urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:ce60c6e3d670f6229c478e6f4fa5860728de789f588132e65e8a1127d110648f

attributes

—

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
UnitedKingdomState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member_seat_held_by

evidence

—

Identifier

ce60c6e3d670f6229c478e6f4fa5860728de789f588132e65e8a1127d110648f

Type

rule_application

Premises

assert-h95b1a57a07a53f49ec8dcbb91c442be4fdf9ca5f19fb2fa7ee84192725768c7a

Rule

LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Identifier: UnitedKingdomState
Type: entity_ref

interpretation_selection · urn:proof:interpretation-selection

attributes

—

conclusion

selected: AbstentionDoesNotBlockReading

evidence

—

Identifier

interpretation-selection

Type

interpretation_selection

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

query_evaluation · urn:proof:query:same-vote#case/AbstentionPractice/query/decision-adopted-abstention

attributes

—

conclusion

literal

Arguments

Identifier
abstention
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

decision_adopted

truthStatus

Established

evidence

—

Identifier

case/AbstentionPractice/query/decision-adopted-abstention

Type

query_evaluation

Premises

3544c26849871a80ce5cbfa955cd476259192610287c691e959f558c5bbcb46c

sourceAnchors

—

Calendar and proof identifiers

Proof reference: case/AbstentionPractice/query/decision-adopted-abstention

Original reasoning · JSON

{
  "evaluation": {
    "conflicts": [],
    "issues": [],
    "manifest": {
      "artifactHash": "sha256:0767659ce1336a603665167add3678052c57846e4619007a6ccdc6398fcf294e",
      "calendarSnapshot": "",
      "caseHash": "sha256:8e5d71abbfd792294bdd5da63086d2d19838c2fe6281263555240e04de8bef08",
      "decisionTime": "2026-01-01T12:00:00Z",
      "evidenceSnapshotHash": "sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
      "externalSnapshots": {},
      "id": "urn:manifest:oracle-1",
      "interpretations": [
        "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#AbstentionDoesNotBlockReading"
      ],
      "knowledgeTime": "2026-01-01T12:00:00Z",
      "legalTime": "2026-01-01",
      "lockfileHash": "sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
      "mode": "audit",
      "policies": {},
      "programHash": "sha256:53761165015b682383430aa74b59233f973da8e16ffe719420f98edd8b25519d",
      "resolvedEditions": {},
      "semanticHash": "sha256:ab92b9171a48f4c582ea05158c7d1a89d620e9c7843747928710365c477c97e1",
      "semantics": "law.core/0.2.1",
      "theoryHash": "sha256:53761165015b682383430aa74b59233f973da8e16ffe719420f98edd8b25519d",
      "timezone": "UTC"
    },
    "positions": [],
    "proofGraph": {
      "nodes": [
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#fr"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#FranceState",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#fr",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m0"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:m0",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m0",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m1"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:m1",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m1",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m2"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:m2",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m2",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m3"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:m3",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m3",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m4"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:m4",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m4",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m5"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:m5",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m5",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#non-proc"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#is_non_procedural_matter"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#non-proc",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#su"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#SovietUnion",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#abstains"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#su",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#uk"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#UnitedKingdomState",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#uk",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#us"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#UnitedStatesState",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#us",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {},
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#decision_adopted"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:apply:NonProceduralDecisionAdoptedDespiteAbstention:3544c26849871a80ce5cbfa955cd476259192610287c691e959f558c5bbcb46c",
          "kind": "rule_application",
          "premises": [
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#fr",
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m0",
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m1",
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m2",
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m3",
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m4",
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m5",
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#non-proc",
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#uk",
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#us"
          ],
          "rule": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#NonProceduralDecisionAdoptedDespiteAbstention",
          "sourceAnchors": [],
          "substitution": {
            "v0": {
              "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h16351e0bed59b62494f1c5210d0fd5a006de40ee549557096968b0b2c2e81693"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#FranceState",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#permanent_member"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h16351e0bed59b62494f1c5210d0fd5a006de40ee549557096968b0b2c2e81693",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {},
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#FranceState",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#permanent_member_seat_held_by"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:e6cdd1b41bb6a401a290db8d3f9e0e3e09802f9c184a1edc05d29d0412a6717f",
          "kind": "rule_application",
          "premises": [
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h16351e0bed59b62494f1c5210d0fd5a006de40ee549557096968b0b2c2e81693"
          ],
          "rule": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat",
          "sourceAnchors": [],
          "substitution": {
            "v0": {
              "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#FranceState",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h1670ff143db3b3d29021dc7ad7985b349772e84c0b76792a3ee656307d221a85"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#SovietUnion",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#permanent_member"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h1670ff143db3b3d29021dc7ad7985b349772e84c0b76792a3ee656307d221a85",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {},
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#SovietUnion",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#permanent_member_seat_held_by"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:8b78e920fb454ef68cfd4d28faa95e701383a4945549927ddb0e490175215890",
          "kind": "rule_application",
          "premises": [
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h1670ff143db3b3d29021dc7ad7985b349772e84c0b76792a3ee656307d221a85"
          ],
          "rule": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat",
          "sourceAnchors": [],
          "substitution": {
            "v0": {
              "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#SovietUnion",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "attributes": {},
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#decision_blocked_by_permanent_member"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:apply:NonProceduralDecisionBlockedByPermanentMemberLetter:bf65aceb906673e4044d5f01873bd363ecc08a4dbd3f91a2fa9c1c48b768916e",
          "kind": "rule_application",
          "premises": [
            "urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:8b78e920fb454ef68cfd4d28faa95e701383a4945549927ddb0e490175215890",
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#non-proc",
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#su"
          ],
          "rule": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#NonProceduralDecisionBlockedByPermanentMemberLetter",
          "sourceAnchors": [],
          "substitution": {
            "v0": {
              "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h2577471a877f419d16417bc8ce7642e21e0eaa2649933f621cead7f558251c22"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#UnitedStatesState",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#permanent_member"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h2577471a877f419d16417bc8ce7642e21e0eaa2649933f621cead7f558251c22",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {},
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#UnitedStatesState",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#permanent_member_seat_held_by"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:a2e3e604e9de005e17c81a51ce629be98e8e9e509a506046e0cde52b32321222",
          "kind": "rule_application",
          "premises": [
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h2577471a877f419d16417bc8ce7642e21e0eaa2649933f621cead7f558251c22"
          ],
          "rule": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat",
          "sourceAnchors": [],
          "substitution": {
            "v0": {
              "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#UnitedStatesState",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h5c5d3b5c9ef348f54b5802f708fcfb08ffdf58f3b19d9f2957124cc18c49ca25"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#RepublicOfChina",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#permanent_member"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h5c5d3b5c9ef348f54b5802f708fcfb08ffdf58f3b19d9f2957124cc18c49ca25",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {},
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#RepublicOfChina",
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        },
        {
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            ]
          },
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        {
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          ],
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        "normativeStatusSupports": [],
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        "query": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#case/AbstentionPractice/query/decision-adopted-abstention",
        "resultKind": "PROPOSITION",
        "sourceAnchors": [],
        "target": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#decision_adopted",
        "truthStatus": "TRUE_ONLY"
      }
    ],
    "schemaVersion": "law.core.evaluation/0.2"
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  "proofRef": "urn:proof:query:same-vote#case/AbstentionPractice/query/decision-adopted-abstention",
  "rulesApplied": [
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    "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#NonProceduralDecisionBlockedByPermanentMemberLetter"
  ]
}

SourcesExcerpts: 2

Article 23

Article 23 The Security Council shall consist of fifteen Members of the United Nations. The Republic of China, France, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America shall be permanent members of the Security Council. The General Assembly shall elect ten other Members of the United Nations to be non-permanent members of the Security Council, due regard being specially paid, in the first instance to the contribution of Members of the United Nations to the maintenance of international peace and security and to the other purposes of the Organization, and also to equitable geographical distribution. The non-permanent members of the Security Council shall be elected for a term of two years. In the first election of the non-permanent members after the increase of the membership of the Security Council from eleven to fifteen, two of the four additional members shall be chosen for a term of one year. A retiring member shall not be eligible for immediate re-election. Each member of the Security Council shall have one representative.

Original data · JSON

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  "edition": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#UN_CHARTER_EN",
  "fragmentKind": "article",
  "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#UNC_EN_ART23",
  "kind": "fragment",
  "locator": "article/23",
  "package": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter",
  "texts": [
    {
      "contentHash": "sha256:04634bcee8d5f914608d8ed6dce1d8bde70766de1ad6f66aded63661b6cceeb7",
      "language": "en",
      "status": "official",
      "text": "Article 23\nThe Security Council shall consist of fifteen Members of the United Nations. The Republic of China, France, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America shall be permanent members of the Security Council. The General Assembly shall elect ten other Members of the United Nations to be non-permanent members of the Security Council, due regard being specially paid, in the first instance to the contribution of Members of the United Nations to the maintenance of international peace and security and to the other purposes of the Organization, and also to equitable geographical distribution.\nThe non-permanent members of the Security Council shall be elected for a term of two years. In the first election of the non-permanent members after the increase of the membership of the Security Council from eleven to fifteen, two of the four additional members shall be chosen for a term of one year. A retiring member shall not be eligible for immediate re-election.\nEach member of the Security Council shall have one representative."
    }
  ]
}

Article 27

Article 27 Each member of the Security Council shall have one vote. Decisions of the Security Council on procedural matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members. Decisions of the Security Council on all other matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members including the concurring votes of the permanent members; provided that, in decisions under Chapter VI, and under paragraph 3 of Article 52, a party to a dispute shall abstain from voting.

Original data · JSON

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  "edition": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#UN_CHARTER_EN",
  "fragmentKind": "article",
  "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#UNC_EN_ART27",
  "kind": "fragment",
  "locator": "article/27",
  "package": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter",
  "texts": [
    {
      "contentHash": "sha256:d2e1200a16b6cc23e35a408e6f305c6a42aec1ae602e3202d05006d4577ea403",
      "language": "en",
      "status": "official",
      "text": "Article 27\nEach member of the Security Council shall have one vote.\nDecisions of the Security Council on procedural matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members.\nDecisions of the Security Council on all other matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members including the concurring votes of the permanent members; provided that, in decisions under Chapter VI, and under paragraph 3 of Article 52, a party to a dispute shall abstain from voting."
    }
  ]
}

Packages in the snapshot

un.charter

Technical dataFull response, parameters and checksums

Calculation status: COMPUTED

Full engine response

Practice: the decision is adopted

Complete machine result · JSON

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    "kind": "TRUTH",
    "missingInputs": [],
    "truthStatus": "TRUE_ONLY"
  },
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      "decisionTime": "2026-01-01T12:00:00Z",
      "evidenceSnapshotHash": "sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
      "externalSnapshots": {},
      "id": "urn:manifest:oracle-1",
      "interpretations": [
        "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#AbstentionDoesNotBlockReading"
      ],
      "knowledgeTime": "2026-01-01T12:00:00Z",
      "legalTime": "2026-01-01",
      "lockfileHash": "sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
      "mode": "audit",
      "policies": {},
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      "timezone": "UTC"
    },
    "positions": [],
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          },
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              }
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        },
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          "kind": "assertion",
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        },
        {
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      "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#Decision",
      "kind": "type_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "official",
          "text": "Decision (of the Security Council or the General Assembly)"
        }
      ],
      "name": "Decision",
      "package": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#FranceState",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "France State"
        }
      ],
      "name": "FranceState",
      "package": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter",
      "parameters": [],
      "symbolKind": "constant"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat",
      "kind": "rule",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "official",
          "text": "The letter of Article 23: the five named States hold a permanent seat"
        }
      ],
      "package": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter",
      "strength": "strict"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#NonProceduralDecisionAdoptedDespiteAbstention",
      "kind": "rule",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "official",
          "text": "Council practice (since 1946), blessed by the International Court of Justice (Namibia advisory opinion, 1971, para. 22): a permanent member's abstention does not block the decision."
        }
      ],
      "package": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter",
      "strength": "strict"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#NonProceduralDecisionBlockedByPermanentMemberLetter",
      "kind": "rule",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "official",
          "text": "Article 27, paragraph 3 (the letter, negative side). A permanent member that votes against or abstains does not give a concurring vote."
        }
      ],
      "package": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter",
      "strength": "strict"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#RepublicOfChina",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "Republic Of China"
        }
      ],
      "name": "RepublicOfChina",
      "package": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter",
      "parameters": [],
      "symbolKind": "constant"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#SovietUnion",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "Soviet Union"
        }
      ],
      "name": "SovietUnion",
      "package": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter",
      "parameters": [],
      "symbolKind": "constant"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#State",
      "kind": "type_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "official",
          "text": "State"
        }
      ],
      "name": "State",
      "package": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#UnitedKingdomState",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "United Kingdom State"
        }
      ],
      "name": "UnitedKingdomState",
      "package": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter",
      "parameters": [],
      "symbolKind": "constant"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#UnitedStatesState",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "United States State"
        }
      ],
      "name": "UnitedStatesState",
      "package": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter",
      "parameters": [],
      "symbolKind": "constant"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#abstains",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "official",
          "text": "the State abstains (Art. 27, para. 3)"
        }
      ],
      "name": "abstains",
      "package": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter",
      "parameters": [
        {
          "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#abstains/arg/d",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "d",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#Decision"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#abstains/arg/s",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "s",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#State"
          }
        }
      ],
      "symbolKind": "relation"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "official",
          "text": "the State casts a vote in favour (Art. 18, Art. 27)"
        }
      ],
      "name": "casts_vote_for",
      "package": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter",
      "parameters": [
        {
          "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for/arg/d",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "d",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#Decision"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for/arg/s",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "s",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#State"
          }
        }
      ],
      "symbolKind": "relation"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#decision_adopted",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "the Security Council decision is adopted"
        }
      ],
      "name": "decision_adopted",
      "package": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter",
      "parameters": [
        {
          "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#decision_adopted/arg/d",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "d",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#Decision"
          }
        }
      ],
      "symbolKind": "relation"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#decision_blocked_by_permanent_member",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "the decision is blocked by a permanent member — by a vote against, or (by the letter) by abstention (Art. 27, para. 3)"
        }
      ],
      "name": "decision_blocked_by_permanent_member",
      "package": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter",
      "parameters": [
        {
          "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#decision_blocked_by_permanent_member/arg/d",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "d",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#Decision"
          }
        }
      ],
      "symbolKind": "relation"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#is_non_procedural_matter",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "official",
          "text": "the decision is not on a procedural matter (Art. 27, para. 3)"
        }
      ],
      "name": "is_non_procedural_matter",
      "package": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter",
      "parameters": [
        {
          "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#is_non_procedural_matter/arg/d",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "d",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#Decision"
          }
        }
      ],
      "symbolKind": "relation"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#permanent_member",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "official",
          "text": "permanent member of the Security Council (Art. 23, para. 1)"
        }
      ],
      "name": "permanent_member",
      "package": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter",
      "parameters": [
        {
          "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#permanent_member/arg/s",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "s",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#State"
          }
        }
      ],
      "symbolKind": "relation"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#permanent_member_seat_held_by",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "the State holds a permanent seat for voting purposes (letter of Art. 23, or continuity/seat transfer)"
        }
      ],
      "name": "permanent_member_seat_held_by",
      "package": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter",
      "parameters": [
        {
          "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#permanent_member_seat_held_by/arg/s",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "s",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#State"
          }
        }
      ],
      "symbolKind": "relation"
    }
  ]
}

JSON · calculations, sources and exact data

{
  "acts": [
    {
      "artifactHash": "sha256:1d123a11b4c6e20a0c1042d7d0ae2f6cca7396f20ebd75136836d48735a4b835",
      "namespace": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter",
      "package": "un.charter"
    }
  ],
  "caseHash": "sha256:8e5d71abbfd792294bdd5da63086d2d19838c2fe6281263555240e04de8bef08",
  "jurisdiction": "International",
  "legalTime": "2026-01-01",
  "mode": "audit",
  "programHash": "sha256:53761165015b682383430aa74b59233f973da8e16ffe719420f98edd8b25519d",
  "resultHash": "sha256:aa6d1930d4ad35d4a11a2e6f3b4f45cd09ab173c262dec3074d24d9a86f13ae7",
  "timezone": "UTC"
}

evaluation SHA-256: sha256:50b43f2ff785972646e8a07e19a1eef0abee47a5820be27bff8f2e5368c4802a

Original data · JSON

{
  "args": [
    {
      "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention",
      "kind": "entity_ref"
    }
  ],
  "facts": [
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#is_non_procedural_matter"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#france",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#uk",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#us",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m0",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m1",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m2",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m3",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m4",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m5",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#soviet",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#abstains"
    }
  ],
  "kind": "truth",
  "legalTime": "2026-01-01",
  "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#decision_adopted"
}

Condition

Practice: the letter still blocks

Jurisdiction InternationalLaw as of 2026-01-01

Calculation result

Established

Input parameters

What we are finding

the decision is blocked by a permanent member — by a vote against, or (by the letter) by abstention (Art. 27, para. 3)

abstention

Input facts

Decision (of the Security Council or the General Assembly)
d: d
Subject shared by the facts below
the decision is not on a procedural matter (Art. 27, para. 3)
the State casts a vote in favour (Art. 18, Art. 27)
s
france
uk
us
m0
m1
m2
m3
m4
m5
the State abstains (Art. 27, para. 3)
s: soviet

s
france
uk
us
m0
m1
m2
m3
m4
m5

Original data · JSON

{
  "args": [
    {
      "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention",
      "kind": "entity_ref"
    }
  ],
  "facts": [
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#is_non_procedural_matter"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#france",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#uk",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#us",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m0",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m1",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m2",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m3",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m4",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m5",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#d",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#soviet",
          "kind": "const_ref"
        }
      ],
      "negated": false,
      "origin": "case_input",
      "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#abstains"
    }
  ],
  "kind": "truth",
  "legalTime": "2026-01-01",
  "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#decision_blocked_by_permanent_member"
}

Why this resultApplied rules and conditions

Derivation path6 steps

1
the decision is not on a procedural matter (Art. 27, para. 3)
d: urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention
case fact
2
the State abstains (Art. 27, para. 3)
d: urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention; s: Soviet Union
case fact
3
permanent member of the Security Council (Art. 23, para. 1)
s: Soviet Union
origin not recorded
4
The letter of Article 23: the five named States hold a permanent seat
the State holds a permanent seat for voting purposes (letter of Art. 23, or continuity/seat transfer): s: Soviet Union
art. 23
Identifier
urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat
rule
5
Article 27, paragraph 3 (the letter, negative side). A permanent member that votes against or abstains does not give a concurring vote.
the decision is blocked by a permanent member — by a vote against, or (by the letter) by abstention (Art. 27, para. 3): d: urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention
art. 27
Identifier
urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#NonProceduralDecisionBlockedByPermanentMemberLetter
rule
6
Query evaluation
query

verified by the engine: 3 · case fact: 2 · origin not recorded: 1 · Full graph: 25 nodes

Steps of the saved proof from the case facts to the answer. Formulas are shown as written in the norm with bound values substituted; the page recomputes nothing.

Basis of this answer

Rules on the saved proof path for this answer.

un.charter

The letter of Article 23: the five named States hold a permanent seat
Identifier
urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat
Article 27, paragraph 3 (the letter, negative side). A permanent member that votes against or abstains does not give a concurring vote.
Identifier
urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#NonProceduralDecisionBlockedByPermanentMemberLetter

Other rules in the evaluation1

Applied in the overall evaluation, but not on the proof path for this answer.

un.charter

Council practice (since 1946), blessed by the International Court of Justice (Namibia advisory opinion, 1971, para. 22): a permanent member's abstention does not block the decision.
Identifier
urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#NonProceduralDecisionAdoptedDespiteAbstention

Proof graph

Proof graph · 4 layer

Proof nodes: 25 · assertion 16, rule_application 7, interpretation_selection 1, query_evaluation 1

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#fr

attributes

assertion: fr

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
abstention
Type
entity_ref
Identifier
FranceState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

casts_vote_for

evidence

—

Identifier

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m0

attributes

assertion: m0

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
abstention
Type
entity_ref
Identifier
m0
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

casts_vote_for

evidence

—

Identifier

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m1

attributes

assertion: m1

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
abstention
Type
entity_ref
Identifier
m1
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

casts_vote_for

evidence

—

Identifier

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m2

attributes

assertion: m2

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
abstention
Type
entity_ref
Identifier
m2
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

casts_vote_for

evidence

—

Identifier

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m3

attributes

assertion: m3

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
abstention
Type
entity_ref
Identifier
m3
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

casts_vote_for

evidence

—

Identifier

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m4

attributes

assertion: m4

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
abstention
Type
entity_ref
Identifier
m4
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

casts_vote_for

evidence

—

Identifier

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m5

attributes

assertion: m5

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
abstention
Type
entity_ref
Identifier
m5
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

casts_vote_for

evidence

—

Identifier

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#non-proc

attributes

assertion: non-proc

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
abstention
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

is_non_procedural_matter

evidence

—

Identifier

non-proc

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#su

attributes

assertion: su

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
abstention
Type
entity_ref
Identifier
SovietUnion
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

abstains

evidence

—

Identifier

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#uk

attributes

assertion: uk

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
abstention
Type
entity_ref
Identifier
UnitedKingdomState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

casts_vote_for

evidence

—

Identifier

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#us

attributes

assertion: us

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
abstention
Type
entity_ref
Identifier
UnitedStatesState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

casts_vote_for

evidence

—

Identifier

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

rule_application · urn:proof:apply:NonProceduralDecisionAdoptedDespiteAbstention:3544c26849871a80ce5cbfa955cd476259192610287c691e959f558c5bbcb46c

attributes

—

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
abstention
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

decision_adopted

evidence

—

Identifier

3544c26849871a80ce5cbfa955cd476259192610287c691e959f558c5bbcb46c

Type

rule_application

Premises

fr
m0
m1
m2
m3
m4
m5
non-proc
uk
us

Rule

NonProceduralDecisionAdoptedDespiteAbstention

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Identifier: abstention
Type: entity_ref

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h16351e0bed59b62494f1c5210d0fd5a006de40ee549557096968b0b2c2e81693

attributes

assertion: assert-h16351e0bed59b62494f1c5210d0fd5a006de40ee549557096968b0b2c2e81693

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
FranceState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member

evidence

—

Identifier

assert-h16351e0bed59b62494f1c5210d0fd5a006de40ee549557096968b0b2c2e81693

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

rule_application · urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:e6cdd1b41bb6a401a290db8d3f9e0e3e09802f9c184a1edc05d29d0412a6717f

attributes

—

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
FranceState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member_seat_held_by

evidence

—

Identifier

e6cdd1b41bb6a401a290db8d3f9e0e3e09802f9c184a1edc05d29d0412a6717f

Type

rule_application

Premises

assert-h16351e0bed59b62494f1c5210d0fd5a006de40ee549557096968b0b2c2e81693

Rule

LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Identifier: FranceState
Type: entity_ref

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h1670ff143db3b3d29021dc7ad7985b349772e84c0b76792a3ee656307d221a85

attributes

assertion: assert-h1670ff143db3b3d29021dc7ad7985b349772e84c0b76792a3ee656307d221a85

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
SovietUnion
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member

evidence

—

Identifier

assert-h1670ff143db3b3d29021dc7ad7985b349772e84c0b76792a3ee656307d221a85

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

rule_application · urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:8b78e920fb454ef68cfd4d28faa95e701383a4945549927ddb0e490175215890

attributes

—

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
SovietUnion
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member_seat_held_by

evidence

—

Identifier

8b78e920fb454ef68cfd4d28faa95e701383a4945549927ddb0e490175215890

Type

rule_application

Premises

assert-h1670ff143db3b3d29021dc7ad7985b349772e84c0b76792a3ee656307d221a85

Rule

LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Identifier: SovietUnion
Type: entity_ref

rule_application · urn:proof:apply:NonProceduralDecisionBlockedByPermanentMemberLetter:bf65aceb906673e4044d5f01873bd363ecc08a4dbd3f91a2fa9c1c48b768916e

attributes

—

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
abstention
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

decision_blocked_by_permanent_member

evidence

—

Identifier

bf65aceb906673e4044d5f01873bd363ecc08a4dbd3f91a2fa9c1c48b768916e

Type

rule_application

Premises

8b78e920fb454ef68cfd4d28faa95e701383a4945549927ddb0e490175215890
non-proc
su

Rule

NonProceduralDecisionBlockedByPermanentMemberLetter

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Identifier: abstention
Type: entity_ref

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h2577471a877f419d16417bc8ce7642e21e0eaa2649933f621cead7f558251c22

attributes

assertion: assert-h2577471a877f419d16417bc8ce7642e21e0eaa2649933f621cead7f558251c22

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
UnitedStatesState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member

evidence

—

Identifier

assert-h2577471a877f419d16417bc8ce7642e21e0eaa2649933f621cead7f558251c22

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

rule_application · urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:a2e3e604e9de005e17c81a51ce629be98e8e9e509a506046e0cde52b32321222

attributes

—

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
UnitedStatesState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member_seat_held_by

evidence

—

Identifier

a2e3e604e9de005e17c81a51ce629be98e8e9e509a506046e0cde52b32321222

Type

rule_application

Premises

assert-h2577471a877f419d16417bc8ce7642e21e0eaa2649933f621cead7f558251c22

Rule

LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Identifier: UnitedStatesState
Type: entity_ref

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h5c5d3b5c9ef348f54b5802f708fcfb08ffdf58f3b19d9f2957124cc18c49ca25

attributes

assertion: assert-h5c5d3b5c9ef348f54b5802f708fcfb08ffdf58f3b19d9f2957124cc18c49ca25

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
RepublicOfChina
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member

evidence

—

Identifier

assert-h5c5d3b5c9ef348f54b5802f708fcfb08ffdf58f3b19d9f2957124cc18c49ca25

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

rule_application · urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:4b1a6f6f8748646d22693b4c086f59515bea5071b14cc9f60294942b421440aa

attributes

—

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
RepublicOfChina
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member_seat_held_by

evidence

—

Identifier

4b1a6f6f8748646d22693b4c086f59515bea5071b14cc9f60294942b421440aa

Type

rule_application

Premises

assert-h5c5d3b5c9ef348f54b5802f708fcfb08ffdf58f3b19d9f2957124cc18c49ca25

Rule

LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Identifier: RepublicOfChina
Type: entity_ref

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h95b1a57a07a53f49ec8dcbb91c442be4fdf9ca5f19fb2fa7ee84192725768c7a

attributes

assertion: assert-h95b1a57a07a53f49ec8dcbb91c442be4fdf9ca5f19fb2fa7ee84192725768c7a

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
UnitedKingdomState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member

evidence

—

Identifier

assert-h95b1a57a07a53f49ec8dcbb91c442be4fdf9ca5f19fb2fa7ee84192725768c7a

Type

assertion

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

rule_application · urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:ce60c6e3d670f6229c478e6f4fa5860728de789f588132e65e8a1127d110648f

attributes

—

conclusion

Arguments

Identifier
UnitedKingdomState
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

permanent_member_seat_held_by

evidence

—

Identifier

ce60c6e3d670f6229c478e6f4fa5860728de789f588132e65e8a1127d110648f

Type

rule_application

Premises

assert-h95b1a57a07a53f49ec8dcbb91c442be4fdf9ca5f19fb2fa7ee84192725768c7a

Rule

LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Identifier: UnitedKingdomState
Type: entity_ref

interpretation_selection · urn:proof:interpretation-selection

attributes

—

conclusion

selected: AbstentionDoesNotBlockReading

evidence

—

Identifier

interpretation-selection

Type

interpretation_selection

Premises

—

sourceAnchors

—

query_evaluation · urn:proof:query:same-vote#case/AbstentionPractice/query/decision-blocked-abstention

attributes

—

conclusion

literal

Arguments

Identifier
abstention
Type
entity_ref

Type

literal

Polarity

positive

Condition

decision_blocked_by_permanent_member

truthStatus

Established

evidence

—

Identifier

case/AbstentionPractice/query/decision-blocked-abstention

Type

query_evaluation

Premises

bf65aceb906673e4044d5f01873bd363ecc08a4dbd3f91a2fa9c1c48b768916e

sourceAnchors

—

Calendar and proof identifiers

Proof reference: case/AbstentionPractice/query/decision-blocked-abstention

Original reasoning · JSON

{
  "evaluation": {
    "conflicts": [],
    "issues": [],
    "manifest": {
      "artifactHash": "sha256:0767659ce1336a603665167add3678052c57846e4619007a6ccdc6398fcf294e",
      "calendarSnapshot": "",
      "caseHash": "sha256:8e5d71abbfd792294bdd5da63086d2d19838c2fe6281263555240e04de8bef08",
      "decisionTime": "2026-01-01T12:00:00Z",
      "evidenceSnapshotHash": "sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
      "externalSnapshots": {},
      "id": "urn:manifest:oracle-1",
      "interpretations": [
        "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#AbstentionDoesNotBlockReading"
      ],
      "knowledgeTime": "2026-01-01T12:00:00Z",
      "legalTime": "2026-01-01",
      "lockfileHash": "sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
      "mode": "audit",
      "policies": {},
      "programHash": "sha256:53761165015b682383430aa74b59233f973da8e16ffe719420f98edd8b25519d",
      "resolvedEditions": {},
      "semanticHash": "sha256:ab92b9171a48f4c582ea05158c7d1a89d620e9c7843747928710365c477c97e1",
      "semantics": "law.core/0.2.1",
      "theoryHash": "sha256:53761165015b682383430aa74b59233f973da8e16ffe719420f98edd8b25519d",
      "timezone": "UTC"
    },
    "positions": [],
    "proofGraph": {
      "nodes": [
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#fr"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#FranceState",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#fr",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m0"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:m0",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m0",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m1"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:m1",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m1",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m2"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:m2",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m2",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m3"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:m3",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m3",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m4"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:m4",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m4",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m5"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:m5",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m5",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#non-proc"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#is_non_procedural_matter"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#non-proc",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#su"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#SovietUnion",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#abstains"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#su",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#uk"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#UnitedKingdomState",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#uk",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#us"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#UnitedStatesState",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
          },
          "evidence": [],
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          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {},
          "conclusion": {
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              {
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              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#decision_adopted"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:apply:NonProceduralDecisionAdoptedDespiteAbstention:3544c26849871a80ce5cbfa955cd476259192610287c691e959f558c5bbcb46c",
          "kind": "rule_application",
          "premises": [
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#fr",
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m0",
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m1",
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m2",
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m3",
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m4",
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m5",
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#non-proc",
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#uk",
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#us"
          ],
          "rule": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#NonProceduralDecisionAdoptedDespiteAbstention",
          "sourceAnchors": [],
          "substitution": {
            "v0": {
              "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention",
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            }
          }
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
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          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#FranceState",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#permanent_member"
          },
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          "kind": "assertion",
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        {
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              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#permanent_member_seat_held_by"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:e6cdd1b41bb6a401a290db8d3f9e0e3e09802f9c184a1edc05d29d0412a6717f",
          "kind": "rule_application",
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          ],
          "rule": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat",
          "sourceAnchors": [],
          "substitution": {
            "v0": {
              "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#FranceState",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
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          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#SovietUnion",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#permanent_member"
          },
          "evidence": [],
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          "kind": "assertion",
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        },
        {
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              {
                "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#SovietUnion",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#permanent_member_seat_held_by"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:8b78e920fb454ef68cfd4d28faa95e701383a4945549927ddb0e490175215890",
          "kind": "rule_application",
          "premises": [
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          ],
          "rule": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat",
          "sourceAnchors": [],
          "substitution": {
            "v0": {
              "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#SovietUnion",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "attributes": {},
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#decision_blocked_by_permanent_member"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:apply:NonProceduralDecisionBlockedByPermanentMemberLetter:bf65aceb906673e4044d5f01873bd363ecc08a4dbd3f91a2fa9c1c48b768916e",
          "kind": "rule_application",
          "premises": [
            "urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:8b78e920fb454ef68cfd4d28faa95e701383a4945549927ddb0e490175215890",
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#non-proc",
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#su"
          ],
          "rule": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#NonProceduralDecisionBlockedByPermanentMemberLetter",
          "sourceAnchors": [],
          "substitution": {
            "v0": {
              "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
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          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#UnitedStatesState",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#permanent_member"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h2577471a877f419d16417bc8ce7642e21e0eaa2649933f621cead7f558251c22",
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        {
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            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#permanent_member_seat_held_by"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:a2e3e604e9de005e17c81a51ce629be98e8e9e509a506046e0cde52b32321222",
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          ],
          "rule": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat",
          "sourceAnchors": [],
          "substitution": {
            "v0": {
              "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#UnitedStatesState",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
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          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#RepublicOfChina",
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              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
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          },
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          "kind": "assertion",
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        },
        {
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              {
                "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#RepublicOfChina",
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              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#permanent_member_seat_held_by"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:4b1a6f6f8748646d22693b4c086f59515bea5071b14cc9f60294942b421440aa",
          "kind": "rule_application",
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          ],
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          "substitution": {
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            }
          }
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
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          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
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                "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#UnitedKingdomState",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#permanent_member"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#assert-h95b1a57a07a53f49ec8dcbb91c442be4fdf9ca5f19fb2fa7ee84192725768c7a",
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        },
        {
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              {
                "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#UnitedKingdomState",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#permanent_member_seat_held_by"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:apply:LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat:ce60c6e3d670f6229c478e6f4fa5860728de789f588132e65e8a1127d110648f",
          "kind": "rule_application",
          "premises": [
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          ],
          "rule": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat",
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              "kind": "entity_ref"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "attributes": {},
          "conclusion": {
            "selected": [
              "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#AbstentionDoesNotBlockReading"
            ]
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:interpretation-selection",
          "kind": "interpretation_selection",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {},
          "conclusion": {
            "literal": {
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                {
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                  "kind": "entity_ref"
                }
              ],
              "kind": "literal",
              "polarity": "positive",
              "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#decision_blocked_by_permanent_member"
            },
            "truthStatus": "TRUE_ONLY"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:query:same-vote#case/AbstentionPractice/query/decision-blocked-abstention",
          "kind": "query_evaluation",
          "premises": [
            "urn:proof:apply:NonProceduralDecisionBlockedByPermanentMemberLetter:bf65aceb906673e4044d5f01873bd363ecc08a4dbd3f91a2fa9c1c48b768916e"
          ],
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        }
      ],
      "proofHash": "sha256:65a06cfc06fb3bcb6f69202cac9f94967edd5da4dd8c9f9e65c414cb2d2ed32e",
      "roots": [
        "urn:proof:query:same-vote#case/AbstentionPractice/query/decision-blocked-abstention"
      ]
    },
    "resultHash": "sha256:d5604a27015cb03cf9c4ad9ce53a1752eb89899c54ecc30799a909ebf5b36d3a",
    "results": [
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        "conflicts": [],
        "evaluationStatus": "COMPUTED",
        "evidence": [],
        "id": "urn:result:same-vote#case/AbstentionPractice/query/decision-blocked-abstention",
        "judgmentRequests": [],
        "manifest": "urn:manifest:oracle-1",
        "missingInputs": [],
        "normativeStatusSupports": [],
        "proof": "urn:proof:query:same-vote#case/AbstentionPractice/query/decision-blocked-abstention",
        "query": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#case/AbstentionPractice/query/decision-blocked-abstention",
        "resultKind": "PROPOSITION",
        "sourceAnchors": [],
        "target": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#decision_blocked_by_permanent_member",
        "truthStatus": "TRUE_ONLY"
      }
    ],
    "schemaVersion": "law.core.evaluation/0.2"
  },
  "proofRef": "urn:proof:query:same-vote#case/AbstentionPractice/query/decision-blocked-abstention",
  "rulesApplied": [
    "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#LiteralPermanentMemberHoldsSeat",
    "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#NonProceduralDecisionAdoptedDespiteAbstention",
    "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#NonProceduralDecisionBlockedByPermanentMemberLetter"
  ]
}

SourcesExcerpts: 2

Article 23

Article 23 The Security Council shall consist of fifteen Members of the United Nations. The Republic of China, France, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America shall be permanent members of the Security Council. The General Assembly shall elect ten other Members of the United Nations to be non-permanent members of the Security Council, due regard being specially paid, in the first instance to the contribution of Members of the United Nations to the maintenance of international peace and security and to the other purposes of the Organization, and also to equitable geographical distribution. The non-permanent members of the Security Council shall be elected for a term of two years. In the first election of the non-permanent members after the increase of the membership of the Security Council from eleven to fifteen, two of the four additional members shall be chosen for a term of one year. A retiring member shall not be eligible for immediate re-election. Each member of the Security Council shall have one representative.

Original data · JSON

{
  "contentHash": "sha256:7b43f3150e9a17e3213539187ddf364d08bfc106551b59bb6f2062c9769bb2c4",
  "edition": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#UN_CHARTER_EN",
  "fragmentKind": "article",
  "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#UNC_EN_ART23",
  "kind": "fragment",
  "locator": "article/23",
  "package": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter",
  "texts": [
    {
      "contentHash": "sha256:04634bcee8d5f914608d8ed6dce1d8bde70766de1ad6f66aded63661b6cceeb7",
      "language": "en",
      "status": "official",
      "text": "Article 23\nThe Security Council shall consist of fifteen Members of the United Nations. The Republic of China, France, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America shall be permanent members of the Security Council. The General Assembly shall elect ten other Members of the United Nations to be non-permanent members of the Security Council, due regard being specially paid, in the first instance to the contribution of Members of the United Nations to the maintenance of international peace and security and to the other purposes of the Organization, and also to equitable geographical distribution.\nThe non-permanent members of the Security Council shall be elected for a term of two years. In the first election of the non-permanent members after the increase of the membership of the Security Council from eleven to fifteen, two of the four additional members shall be chosen for a term of one year. A retiring member shall not be eligible for immediate re-election.\nEach member of the Security Council shall have one representative."
    }
  ]
}

Article 27

Article 27 Each member of the Security Council shall have one vote. Decisions of the Security Council on procedural matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members. Decisions of the Security Council on all other matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members including the concurring votes of the permanent members; provided that, in decisions under Chapter VI, and under paragraph 3 of Article 52, a party to a dispute shall abstain from voting.

Original data · JSON

{
  "contentHash": "sha256:d76f30a3ec91422c1506becd5504f2054bd298551bdef3717ebfbb411ee4fda6",
  "edition": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#UN_CHARTER_EN",
  "fragmentKind": "article",
  "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#UNC_EN_ART27",
  "kind": "fragment",
  "locator": "article/27",
  "package": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter",
  "texts": [
    {
      "contentHash": "sha256:d2e1200a16b6cc23e35a408e6f305c6a42aec1ae602e3202d05006d4577ea403",
      "language": "en",
      "status": "official",
      "text": "Article 27\nEach member of the Security Council shall have one vote.\nDecisions of the Security Council on procedural matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members.\nDecisions of the Security Council on all other matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members including the concurring votes of the permanent members; provided that, in decisions under Chapter VI, and under paragraph 3 of Article 52, a party to a dispute shall abstain from voting."
    }
  ]
}

Packages in the snapshot

un.charter

Technical dataFull response, parameters and checksums

Calculation status: COMPUTED

Full engine response

Practice: the letter still blocks

Complete machine result · JSON

{
  "answer": {
    "evaluationStatus": "COMPUTED",
    "kind": "TRUTH",
    "missingInputs": [],
    "truthStatus": "TRUE_ONLY"
  },
  "evaluation": {
    "conflicts": [],
    "issues": [],
    "manifest": {
      "artifactHash": "sha256:0767659ce1336a603665167add3678052c57846e4619007a6ccdc6398fcf294e",
      "calendarSnapshot": "",
      "caseHash": "sha256:8e5d71abbfd792294bdd5da63086d2d19838c2fe6281263555240e04de8bef08",
      "decisionTime": "2026-01-01T12:00:00Z",
      "evidenceSnapshotHash": "sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
      "externalSnapshots": {},
      "id": "urn:manifest:oracle-1",
      "interpretations": [
        "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#AbstentionDoesNotBlockReading"
      ],
      "knowledgeTime": "2026-01-01T12:00:00Z",
      "legalTime": "2026-01-01",
      "lockfileHash": "sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
      "mode": "audit",
      "policies": {},
      "programHash": "sha256:53761165015b682383430aa74b59233f973da8e16ffe719420f98edd8b25519d",
      "resolvedEditions": {},
      "semanticHash": "sha256:ab92b9171a48f4c582ea05158c7d1a89d620e9c7843747928710365c477c97e1",
      "semantics": "law.core/0.2.1",
      "theoryHash": "sha256:53761165015b682383430aa74b59233f973da8e16ffe719420f98edd8b25519d",
      "timezone": "UTC"
    },
    "positions": [],
    "proofGraph": {
      "nodes": [
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#fr"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#FranceState",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#fr",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m0"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:m0",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m0",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
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          },
          "conclusion": {
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                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:abstention",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote:m1",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:un:corpus:clir:charter#casts_vote_for"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:law:examples:un-charter:same-vote#m1",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
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JSON · calculations, sources and exact data

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evaluation SHA-256: sha256:8d15f67ad4c1a28066325de1408222b9c2d5c692c69495b6450be91703e00b05

Original data · JSON

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Practice adds a path on which the same abstention does not prevent adoption. The blocking path of the letter remains.

Practice: the decision is adopted

How to cite

The snapshot is immutable: the SHA-256 of the downloadable JSON pins it, so no access date is needed.

Citation

“Nine votes in favour: is a procedural decision adopted, and does a permanent member's abstention block a non-procedural one?”. Arxo Lens, as of 2026-01-01. https://lens.arxo.io/a/b_4d9759faec96015b5e642c35fa06e07df99e87c53fb34114fcc7c538d90b5530. Snapshot SHA-256: 4d9759faec96015b5e642c35fa06e07df99e87c53fb34114fcc7c538d90b5530.

BibTeX

@misc{arxo-lens-b_4d9759faec96,
  title = {Nine votes in favour: is a procedural decision adopted, and does a permanent member's abstention block a non-procedural one?},
  howpublished = {Arxo Lens},
  url = {https://lens.arxo.io/a/b_4d9759faec96015b5e642c35fa06e07df99e87c53fb34114fcc7c538d90b5530},
  note = {as of 2026-01-01; SHA-256 4d9759faec96015b5e642c35fa06e07df99e87c53fb34114fcc7c538d90b5530}
}

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