Всякое животное смертно, всякий человек животное: следует ли, что всякий человек смертен? И почему из «некоторые люди не животные» не следует «некоторые животные не люди», а из двух общеутвердительных посылок с нераспределённым средним не следует ничего?

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      "kind": "rule",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "I.4 25b37 (Barbara): A of all B, B of all C, therefore A of all C"
        },
        {
          "language": "grc",
          "status": "official",
          "text": "εἰ γὰρ τὸ Α κατὰ παντὸς τοῦ Β καὶ τὸ Β κατὰ παντὸς τοῦ Γ, ἀνάγκη τὸ Α κατὰ παντὸς τοῦ Γ κατηγορεῖσθαι"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "I.4 25b37 (Barbara): A обо всяком B, B обо всяком Γ — значит A обо всяком Γ"
        }
      ],
      "package": "urn:grc:aristoteles:clir:analytica-priora",
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        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "an established universal affirmative excludes the particular negative over the same pair"
        },
        {
          "language": "grc",
          "status": "official",
          "text": "ὑπέκειτο παντὶ ὑπάρχειν"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "доказанное общеутвердительное исключает частноотрицательное над той же парой (I.2 25a12, I.5 27a38: на этом стоят доказательства обращения и сведения к нелепому)"
        }
      ],
      "package": "urn:grc:aristoteles:clir:analytica-priora",
      "strength": "strict"
    },
    {
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      "kind": "type_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "quantity and quality of a premiss: A, E, I, O and the two indefinite forms (I.1 24a16-22)"
        },
        {
          "language": "grc",
          "status": "official",
          "text": "καθόλου ἢ ἐν μέρει ἢ ἀδιόριστος· καταφατικὴ ἢ ἀποφατική"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "форма суждения: A — общеутвердительное (παντὶ ὑπάρχειν), E — общеотрицательное (μηδενὶ ὑπάρχειν), I — частноутвердительное (τινὶ ὑπάρχειν), O — частноотрицательное (τινὶ μὴ ὑπάρχειν), плюс два неопределённых (ἀδιόριστον)"
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      ],
      "name": "Form",
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    {
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      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "I.1 24b26: being wholly in another is the same as being predicated of all of it"
        },
        {
          "language": "grc",
          "status": "official",
          "text": "τὸ δὲ ἐν ὅλῳ εἶναι ἕτερον ἑτέρῳ καὶ τὸ κατὰ παντὸς κατηγορεῖσθαι θατέρου θάτερον ταὐτόν ἐστιν"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "I.1 24b26: если один термин в целом в другом, то другой сказывается обо всём первом"
        }
      ],
      "package": "urn:grc:aristoteles:clir:analytica-priora",
      "strength": "strict"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:grc:aristoteles:clir:analytica-priora#NihilExclusumEstSimulPositum",
      "kind": "constraint",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "an excluded form cannot at the same time be established over the same pair of terms"
        },
        {
          "language": "grc",
          "status": "official",
          "text": "φάσις δὲ καὶ ἀπόφασις οὐχ ὑπάρχουσιν αἱ ἀντικείμεναι ἅμα τῷ αὐτῷ"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "исключённая форма не может быть одновременно установленной над той же парой терминов"
        }
      ],
      "package": "urn:grc:aristoteles:clir:analytica-priora"
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    {
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      "kind": "rule",
      "labels": [
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          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "I.1 24b28: being predicated of all is the same as the other being wholly in it"
        },
        {
          "language": "grc",
          "status": "official",
          "text": "λέγομεν δὲ τὸ κατὰ παντὸς κατηγορεῖσθαι ὅταν μηδὲν ᾖ λαβεῖν"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "I.1 24b28: если один термин сказывается обо всём другом, то другой в целом в первом"
        }
      ],
      "package": "urn:grc:aristoteles:clir:analytica-priora",
      "strength": "strict"
    },
    {
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      "kind": "type_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "term: that into which a premiss is resolved (I.1 24b16)"
        },
        {
          "language": "grc",
          "status": "official",
          "text": "ὅρος"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "термин: то, на что разлагается посылка (I.1 24b16)"
        }
      ],
      "name": "Term",
      "package": "urn:grc:aristoteles:clir:analytica-priora"
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    {
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          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "the predicate belongs to the subject in the given form"
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          "text": "ὑπάρχειν"
        },
        {
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          "text": "сказуемое сказывается о подлежащем в данной форме"
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      "id": "urn:grc:aristoteles:clir:analytica-priora#excluded",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "the form is excluded for this pair of terms by the opposite judgement already established"
        },
        {
          "language": "grc",
          "status": "official",
          "text": "ἀντικεῖσθαι"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "форма суждения исключена для этой пары терминов противолежащим ей доказанным суждением"
        }
      ],
      "name": "excluded",
      "package": "urn:grc:aristoteles:clir:analytica-priora",
      "parameters": [
        {
          "id": "urn:grc:aristoteles:clir:analytica-priora#excluded/arg/form",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "form",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:grc:aristoteles:clir:analytica-priora#Form"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:grc:aristoteles:clir:analytica-priora#excluded/arg/pred",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "pred",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:grc:aristoteles:clir:analytica-priora#Term"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:grc:aristoteles:clir:analytica-priora#excluded/arg/subj",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "subj",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:grc:aristoteles:clir:analytica-priora#Term"
          }
        }
      ],
      "symbolKind": "relation"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:grc:aristoteles:clir:analytica-priora#in_whole",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "one term is wholly contained in another"
        },
        {
          "language": "grc",
          "status": "official",
          "text": "ἐν ὅλῳ εἶναι ἕτερον ἑτέρῳ"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "внутренний термин целиком содержится в объемлющем"
        }
      ],
      "name": "in_whole",
      "package": "urn:grc:aristoteles:clir:analytica-priora",
      "parameters": [
        {
          "id": "urn:grc:aristoteles:clir:analytica-priora#in_whole/arg/inner",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "inner",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:grc:aristoteles:clir:analytica-priora#Term"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:grc:aristoteles:clir:analytica-priora#in_whole/arg/outer",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "outer",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:grc:aristoteles:clir:analytica-priora#Term"
          }
        }
      ],
      "symbolKind": "relation"
    }
  ],
  "tables": []
}

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