Пять стоических недоказуемых умозаключений: что дозволено вывести из условной, отрицательной и разделительной посылок, и почему пятый способ читается у Диогена Лаэртского и Секста Эмпирика по-разному?

Первый недоказуемый дозволяет вывод B, второй запрещает вывод A из отрицания следствия, четвёртый запрещает вывод B из первого члена строгой дизъюнкции. Пятый недоказуемый у двух свидетелей записан зеркально: Диоген выводит первый член из отрицания второго, Секст — второй из отрицания первого. Прочтения держатся раздельно, и под чужим прочтением та же схема не установлена. Посылка неподходящего вида ни одним из пяти способов не покрывается, и ответ «не установлено», а не «запрещено».

Это пояснение ассистента, а не результат расчёта. Проверяйте выводы по основаниям и источникам ниже.

Кратко

Выберите результат, чтобы перейти к основаниям

Первый: если A, то B; A; следовательно BПроверка условияУстановленоВыполнение: РассчитаноЛогический вывод: Установлено Второй: если A, то B; не B; следовательно A?Проверка условияОпровергнутоВыполнение: РассчитаноЛогический вывод: Опровергнуто Четвёртый: либо A, либо B; A; следовательно B?Проверка условияОпровергнутоВыполнение: РассчитаноЛогический вывод: Опровергнуто Пятый по Диогену: либо A, либо B; не B; следовательно AПроверка условияУстановленоВыполнение: РассчитаноЛогический вывод: Установлено Пятый по Сексту: либо A, либо B; не A; следовательно BПроверка условияУстановленоВыполнение: РассчитаноЛогический вывод: Установлено Та же схема Секста под прочтением ДиогенаПроверка условияНе установленоВыполнение: РассчитаноЛогический вывод: Не установлено Большая посылка не того вида: конъюнкция вместо условияПроверка условияНе установленоВыполнение: РассчитаноЛогический вывод: Не установлено

Сравнение расчётов

	Пятый по Сексту: либо A, либо B; не A; следовательно B	Та же схема Секста под прочтением Диогена
Результат	TRUE_ONLY	NEITHER
Право на дату	0001-01-01	0001-01-01
Прочтение	SextusFifthReading	DiogenesFifthReading

Подробный разбор

Проверка условия

Первый: если A, то B; A; следовательно B

Дата контекста 01.01.0001

Результат расчёта

Установлено

Исходные параметры

Что определяем

предъявленные посылки лицензируют пропозицию как заключение

inferenceb

Исходные факты

пропозиция предъявлена как большая посылка этого вывода
i: inferencep: conditional
пропозиция предъявлена как малая посылка этого вывода
i: inferencep: a
для пропозиции проверяется, лицензирована ли она как заключение
i: inferencep: b
пропозиция имеет форму «если antecedent, то consequent»
p: conditionalantecedent: aconsequent: b

Пакет: Пять стоических индемонстраблей по Диогену Лаэртскому и Сексту Эмпирику — вне юрисдикции государства — доктрина

Дополнительные сведения

Сохранить доказательство: Да
selectedInterpretations: DiogenesFifthReading

Исходные данные · JSON

{
  "args": [
    "urn:stoic:test:inference",
    "urn:stoic:test:b"
  ],
  "facts": [
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:inference",
        "urn:stoic:test:conditional"
      ],
      "predicate": "major_premise"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:inference",
        "urn:stoic:test:a"
      ],
      "predicate": "minor_premise"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:inference",
        "urn:stoic:test:b"
      ],
      "predicate": "conclusion_requested"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:conditional",
        "urn:stoic:test:a",
        "urn:stoic:test:b"
      ],
      "predicate": "is_conditional"
    }
  ],
  "kind": "truth",
  "legalTime": "0001-01-01",
  "package": "grc-stoic-indemonstrables",
  "predicate": "licensed_conclusion",
  "proof": true,
  "selectedInterpretations": [
    "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DiogenesFifthReading"
  ]
}

Почему такой результатПрименённые правила и условия

Путь вывода6 шагов

1
пропозиция предъявлена как большая посылка этого вывода
i: urn:stoic:test:inference; p: urn:stoic:test:conditional
факт дела
2
пропозиция предъявлена как малая посылка этого вывода
i: urn:stoic:test:inference; p: urn:stoic:test:a
факт дела
3
для пропозиции проверяется, лицензирована ли она как заключение
i: urn:stoic:test:inference; p: urn:stoic:test:b
факт дела
4
пропозиция имеет форму «если antecedent, то consequent»
p: urn:stoic:test:conditional; antecedent: urn:stoic:test:a; consequent: urn:stoic:test:b
факт дела
5
первая схема: если первое, то второе; первое; значит второе
предъявленные посылки лицензируют пропозицию как заключение: i: urn:stoic:test:inference; p: urn:stoic:test:b
разд. 80, разд. 157, разд. 159
Идентификатор
urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#FirstIndemonstrable
правило
6
Вычисление запроса
запрос

проверено движком: 2 · факт дела: 4 · Полный граф: 8 узлов

Шаги сохранённого доказательства от фактов дела к ответу. Формулы показаны как записаны в норме, с подставленными значениями; страница ничего не пересчитывает.

Основание этого ответа

Правила из сохранённой цепочки доказательства ответа.

Пять стоических индемонстраблей по Диогену Лаэртскому и Сексту Эмпирику — вне юрисдикции государства — доктрина

первая схема: если первое, то второе; первое; значит второе
Идентификатор
urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#FirstIndemonstrable

Вывод по запросу

предъявленные посылки лицензируют пропозицию как заключение
i: inferencep: b

Граф связей

предъявленные посылки лицензируют пропозицию как заключение
i	p
inference	b

Скрыто выведенных фактов: 0. В кратком ответе движок оставляет относящиеся к вопросу; полный перечень — в JSON расчёта ниже.

Что способно поразить вывод3 правил

1
четвёртая схема: либо первое, либо второе; первое; значит не второе
Чего не хватает
- пропозиция есть исключающая дизъюнкция first и secondconditional, a, bНе установленоименно этого не хватает
- для пропозиции проверяется, лицензирована ли она как заключениеinference, bУстановлено
- пропозиция предъявлена как большая посылка этого выводаinference, conditionalУстановлено
- пропозиция предъявлена как малая посылка этого выводаinference, aУстановлено
Источник: разд. 81, разд. 158, разд. 162
Идентификатор
urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#FourthIndemonstrable
правило
2
вторая схема: если первое, то второе; не второе; значит не первое
Чего не хватает
- пропозиция предъявлена как малая посылка этого выводаinference, aУстановлено
- для пропозиции проверяется, лицензирована ли она как заключениеinference, bУстановлено
- первая пропозиция есть противоречащее отрицание второйa, v3DEPENDSименно этого не хватает
- пропозиция предъявлена как большая посылка этого выводаinference, conditionalУстановлено
- пропозиция имеет форму «если antecedent, то consequent»conditional, b, v3DEPENDSименно этого не хватает
Источник: разд. 80, разд. 157, разд. 160
Идентификатор
urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SecondIndemonstrable
правило
3
третья схема: не оба; первое; значит не второе
Чего не хватает
- пропозиция предъявлена как малая посылка этого выводаinference, aУстановлено
- пропозиция предъявлена как большая посылка этого выводаinference, conditionalУстановлено
- для пропозиции проверяется, лицензирована ли она как заключениеinference, bУстановлено
- первая пропозиция есть противоречащее отрицание второйconditional, v2DEPENDSименно этого не хватает
- пропозиция есть соединение first и secondv2, a, bDEPENDSименно этого не хватает
Источник: разд. 80, разд. 158, разд. 161
Идентификатор
urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#ThirdIndemonstrable
правило

Перечислены правила, чья голова отвечает вопросу, и их невыполненные посылки. Отсутствие факта не означает его опровержения.

Граф доказательств

Граф доказательства · 3 слой

Узлы доказательств: 8 · assertion 4, rule_application 1, constraint_check 1, interpretation_selection 1, query_evaluation 1

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-1

attributes

assertion: fact-1

conclusion

Аргументы

Идентификатор
inference
Тип
entity_ref
Идентификатор
conditional
Тип
entity_ref

Тип

literal

Знак

positive

Условие

major_premise

evidence

—

Идентификатор

fact-1

Тип

assertion

Посылки

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-2

attributes

assertion: fact-2

conclusion

Аргументы

Идентификатор
inference
Тип
entity_ref
Идентификатор
a
Тип
entity_ref

Тип

literal

Знак

positive

Условие

minor_premise

evidence

—

Идентификатор

fact-2

Тип

assertion

Посылки

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-3

attributes

assertion: fact-3

conclusion

Аргументы

Идентификатор
inference
Тип
entity_ref
Идентификатор
b
Тип
entity_ref

Тип

literal

Знак

positive

Условие

conclusion_requested

evidence

—

Идентификатор

fact-3

Тип

assertion

Посылки

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-4

attributes

assertion: fact-4

conclusion

Аргументы

Идентификатор
conditional
Тип
entity_ref
Идентификатор
a
Тип
entity_ref
Идентификатор
b
Тип
entity_ref

Тип

literal

Знак

positive

Условие

is_conditional

evidence

—

Идентификатор

fact-4

Тип

assertion

Посылки

—

sourceAnchors

—

rule_application · urn:proof:apply:FirstIndemonstrable:c368bc760e28c41165e934e5bd3dd6ec3f2d1447d141e36ed45bab344ba9036d

attributes

—

conclusion

Аргументы

Идентификатор
inference
Тип
entity_ref
Идентификатор
b
Тип
entity_ref

Тип

literal

Знак

positive

Условие

licensed_conclusion

evidence

—

Идентификатор

c368bc760e28c41165e934e5bd3dd6ec3f2d1447d141e36ed45bab344ba9036d

Тип

rule_application

Посылки

fact-1
fact-2
fact-3
fact-4

Правило

FirstIndemonstrable

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Идентификатор: inference
Тип: entity_ref

Идентификатор: conditional
Тип: entity_ref

Идентификатор: a
Тип: entity_ref

Идентификатор: b
Тип: entity_ref

constraint_check · urn:proof:constraint:FiveIndemonstrablesExhaustive:70d899d2d53db8c579936d9cf9cbe5afde6ae410e44b7f8b99f1e99629e3d09c

attributes

—

conclusion

constraint: FiveIndemonstrablesExhaustive
requirementStatus: Установлено
Статус расчёта: Соблюдено
triggerStatus: Соблюдено

evidence

—

Идентификатор

70d899d2d53db8c579936d9cf9cbe5afde6ae410e44b7f8b99f1e99629e3d09c

Тип

constraint_check

Посылки

c368bc760e28c41165e934e5bd3dd6ec3f2d1447d141e36ed45bab344ba9036d
fact-3

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Идентификатор: inference
Тип: entity_ref

Идентификатор: b
Тип: entity_ref

interpretation_selection · urn:proof:interpretation-selection

attributes

—

conclusion

selected: DiogenesFifthReading

evidence

—

Идентификатор

interpretation-selection

Тип

interpretation_selection

Посылки

—

sourceAnchors

—

query_evaluation · urn:proof:query:mcp

attributes

—

conclusion

literal

Аргументы

Идентификатор
inference
Тип
entity_ref
Идентификатор
b
Тип
entity_ref

Тип

literal

Знак

positive

Условие

licensed_conclusion

truthStatus

Установлено

evidence

—

Идентификатор

mcp

Тип

query_evaluation

Посылки

c368bc760e28c41165e934e5bd3dd6ec3f2d1447d141e36ed45bab344ba9036d

sourceAnchors

—

Идентификаторы календаря и доказательства

Ссылка на доказательство: mcp

Исходное обоснование · JSON

{
  "derived": [
    "licensed_conclusion(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b)"
  ],
  "derivedOmitted": 0,
  "evaluation": {
    "proofGraph": {
      "nodes": [
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:mcp:case#fact-1"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:conditional",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#major_premise"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-1",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:mcp:case#fact-2"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:a",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#minor_premise"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-2",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:mcp:case#fact-3"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:b",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#conclusion_requested"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-3",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:mcp:case#fact-4"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:conditional",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:a",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:b",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#is_conditional"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-4",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {},
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:b",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#licensed_conclusion"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:apply:FirstIndemonstrable:c368bc760e28c41165e934e5bd3dd6ec3f2d1447d141e36ed45bab344ba9036d",
          "kind": "rule_application",
          "premises": [
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-1",
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-2",
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-3",
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-4"
          ],
          "rule": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#FirstIndemonstrable",
          "sourceAnchors": [],
          "substitution": {
            "v0": {
              "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            },
            "v1": {
              "id": "urn:stoic:test:conditional",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            },
            "v2": {
              "id": "urn:stoic:test:a",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            },
            "v3": {
              "id": "urn:stoic:test:b",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "attributes": {},
          "conclusion": {
            "constraint": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#FiveIndemonstrablesExhaustive",
            "requirementStatus": "TRUE_ONLY",
            "status": "SATISFIED",
            "triggerStatus": "SATISFIED"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:constraint:FiveIndemonstrablesExhaustive:70d899d2d53db8c579936d9cf9cbe5afde6ae410e44b7f8b99f1e99629e3d09c",
          "kind": "constraint_check",
          "premises": [
            "urn:proof:apply:FirstIndemonstrable:c368bc760e28c41165e934e5bd3dd6ec3f2d1447d141e36ed45bab344ba9036d",
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-3"
          ],
          "sourceAnchors": [],
          "substitution": {
            "v0": {
              "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            },
            "v1": {
              "id": "urn:stoic:test:b",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "attributes": {},
          "conclusion": {
            "selected": [
              "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DiogenesFifthReading"
            ]
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:interpretation-selection",
          "kind": "interpretation_selection",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {},
          "conclusion": {
            "literal": {
              "args": [
                {
                  "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
                  "kind": "entity_ref"
                },
                {
                  "id": "urn:stoic:test:b",
                  "kind": "entity_ref"
                }
              ],
              "kind": "literal",
              "polarity": "positive",
              "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#licensed_conclusion"
            },
            "truthStatus": "TRUE_ONLY"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:query:mcp",
          "kind": "query_evaluation",
          "premises": [
            "urn:proof:apply:FirstIndemonstrable:c368bc760e28c41165e934e5bd3dd6ec3f2d1447d141e36ed45bab344ba9036d"
          ],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        }
      ],
      "proofHash": "sha256:83cedece4f3b0cb74938d2b92fce775c3bc42fc075c06be09b59ae8e9332da1f",
      "roots": [
        "urn:proof:constraint:FiveIndemonstrablesExhaustive:70d899d2d53db8c579936d9cf9cbe5afde6ae410e44b7f8b99f1e99629e3d09c",
        "urn:proof:query:mcp"
      ]
    },
    "resultHash": "sha256:e8102e574c5af8d6ef38877201df4a7181192327e2284516632f69a225995864",
    "schemaVersion": "law.core.evaluation/0.2"
  },
  "proofRef": "urn:proof:query:mcp",
  "rulesApplied": [
    "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#FirstIndemonstrable"
  ],
  "vulnerableTo": [
    {
      "anchors": [
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DL_7_81",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_158",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_162"
      ],
      "label": "fourth indemonstrable: either the first or the second; the first; therefore not the second",
      "missing": [
        "is_exclusive_disjunction(urn:stoic:test:conditional, urn:stoic:test:a, urn:stoic:test:b)"
      ],
      "premises": [
        {
          "premise": "is_exclusive_disjunction(urn:stoic:test:conditional, urn:stoic:test:a, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "NEITHER"
        },
        {
          "premise": "conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:conditional)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:a)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        }
      ],
      "rule": "FourthIndemonstrable"
    },
    {
      "anchors": [
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        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_157",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_160"
      ],
      "label": "second indemonstrable: if the first then the second; not the second; therefore not the first",
      "missing": [
        "is_negation_of(urn:stoic:test:a, v3)",
        "is_conditional(urn:stoic:test:conditional, urn:stoic:test:b, v3)"
      ],
      "premises": [
        {
          "premise": "minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:a)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "note": "зависит от несвязанной переменной",
          "premise": "is_negation_of(urn:stoic:test:a, v3)",
          "status": "DEPENDS"
        },
        {
          "premise": "major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:conditional)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "note": "зависит от несвязанной переменной",
          "premise": "is_conditional(urn:stoic:test:conditional, urn:stoic:test:b, v3)",
          "status": "DEPENDS"
        }
      ],
      "rule": "SecondIndemonstrable"
    },
    {
      "anchors": [
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DL_7_80",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_158",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_161"
      ],
      "label": "third indemonstrable: not both; the first; therefore not the second",
      "missing": [
        "is_negation_of(urn:stoic:test:conditional, v2)",
        "is_conjunction(v2, urn:stoic:test:a, urn:stoic:test:b)"
      ],
      "premises": [
        {
          "premise": "minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:a)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:conditional)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "note": "зависит от несвязанной переменной",
          "premise": "is_negation_of(urn:stoic:test:conditional, v2)",
          "status": "DEPENDS"
        },
        {
          "note": "зависит от несвязанной переменной",
          "premise": "is_conjunction(v2, urn:stoic:test:a, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "DEPENDS"
        }
      ],
      "rule": "ThirdIndemonstrable"
    }
  ]
}

ИсточникиФрагментов: 8

section/80

Пять стоических индемонстраблей по Диогену Лаэртскому и Сексту Эмпирику — вне юрисдикции государства — доктрина — EXECUTABLE 3 §33.1

The first kind of indemonstrable statement is that in which the whole argument is constructed of a hypothetical proposition and the clause with which the hypothetical proposition begins, while the final clause is the conclusion; as e.g. If the first, then the second; but the first is, therefore the second is. The second is that which employs a hypothetical proposition and the contradictory of the consequent, while the conclusion is the contradictory of the antecedent; e.g. If it is day, it is light; but it is night, therefore it is not day. Here the minor premiss is the contradictory of the consequent; the conclusion the contradictory of the antecedent. The third kind of indemonstrable employs a conjunction of negative propositions for major premiss and one of the conjoined propositions for minor premiss, concluding thence the contradictory of the remaining proposition; e.g. It is not the case that Plato is both dead and alive; but he is dead, therefore Plato is not alive.

Исходные данные · JSON

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      "text": "The first kind of indemonstrable statement is that in which the whole argument is constructed of a hypothetical proposition and the clause with which the hypothetical proposition begins, while the final clause is the conclusion; as e.g. If the first, then the second; but the first is, therefore the second is. The second is that which employs a hypothetical proposition and the contradictory of the consequent, while the conclusion is the contradictory of the antecedent; e.g. If it is day, it is light; but it is night, therefore it is not day. Here the minor premiss is the contradictory of the consequent; the conclusion the contradictory of the antecedent. The third kind of indemonstrable employs a conjunction of negative propositions for major premiss and one of the conjoined propositions for minor premiss, concluding thence the contradictory of the remaining proposition; e.g. It is not the case that Plato is both dead and alive; but he is dead, therefore Plato is not alive."
    }
  ]
}

section/81

The fourth kind employs a disjunctive proposition and one of the two alternatives in the disjunction as premisses, and its conclusion is the contradictory of the other alternative; e.g. Either A or B; but A is, therefore B is not. The fifth kind is that in which the argument as a whole is constructed of a disjunctive proposition and the contradictory of one of the alternatives in the disjunction, its conclusion being the other alternative; e.g. Either it is day or it is night; but it is not night, therefore it is day. From a truth a truth follows, according to the Stoics, as e.g. It is light from It is day; and from a falsehood a falsehood, as It is dark from It is night, if this latter be untrue. Also a truth may follow from a falsehood; e.g. from The earth flies will follow The earth exists; whereas from a truth no falsehood will follow, for from the existence of the earth it does not follow that the earth flies aloft.

Исходные данные · JSON

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      "text": "The fourth kind employs a disjunctive proposition and one of the two alternatives in the disjunction as premisses, and its conclusion is the contradictory of the other alternative; e.g. Either A or B; but A is, therefore B is not. The fifth kind is that in which the argument as a whole is constructed of a disjunctive proposition and the contradictory of one of the alternatives in the disjunction, its conclusion being the other alternative; e.g. Either it is day or it is night; but it is not night, therefore it is day. From a truth a truth follows, according to the Stoics, as e.g. It is light from It is day; and from a falsehood a falsehood, as It is dark from It is night, if this latter be untrue. Also a truth may follow from a falsehood; e.g. from The earth flies will follow The earth exists; whereas from a truth no falsehood will follow, for from the existence of the earth it does not follow that the earth flies aloft."
    }
  ]
}

section/157

Now there are, in their imaginings, many non-demonstrable arguments, but the five which they chiefly propound, and to which all the rest can, it seems, be referred, are these. The first is that which deduces the consequent from the major premiss and the antecedent, as for example ‟If it is day, it is light; but in fact it is day; therefore it is light.” The second is that which deduces the opposite of the antecedent from the major premiss and the opposite of the consequent, as for example ‟If it is day, it is light; but it is not light; therefore it is not day.”

Исходные данные · JSON

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      "text": "Now there are, in their imaginings, many non-demonstrable arguments, but the five which they chiefly propound, and to which all the rest can, it seems, be referred, are these. The first is that which deduces the consequent from the major premiss and the antecedent, as for example ‟If it is day, it is light; but in fact it is day; therefore it is light.” The second is that which deduces the opposite of the antecedent from the major premiss and the opposite of the consequent, as for example ‟If it is day, it is light; but it is not light; therefore it is not day.”"
    }
  ]
}

section/158

The third deduces from the negation of a coupled premiss and the affirmation of one of its clauses the opposite of the other clause, as for example ‟It is not both night and day; but it is day; therefore it is not night.” The fourth deduces from a disjunctive premiss and one of its alternative clauses the opposite of the other, as for example ‟Either it is day or it is night; but it is day; therefore it is not night.” The fifth deduces from a disjunctive premiss and the opposite of one of its clauses the other clause, as for example ‟Either it is day or it is night; but it is not night; therefore it is day.”

Исходные данные · JSON

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      "text": "The third deduces from the negation of a coupled premiss and the affirmation of one of its clauses the opposite of the other clause, as for example ‟It is not both night and day; but it is day; therefore it is not night.” The fourth deduces from a disjunctive premiss and one of its alternative clauses the opposite of the other, as for example ‟Either it is day or it is night; but it is day; therefore it is not night.” The fifth deduces from a disjunctive premiss and the opposite of one of its clauses the other clause, as for example ‟Either it is day or it is night; but it is not night; therefore it is day.”"
    }
  ]
}

section/159

These, then, are the much talked of non-demonstrable arguments, but they all seem to me to be inconclusive through redundancy. Thus for instance, to begin with the first, either it is agreed, or else it is non-evident, that in the major premiss ‟If it is day, it is light,” the clause ‟it is light” follows from its antecedent ‟it is day.” But if this is non-evident, we shall not grant the major premiss as agreed; if, however, it is pre-evident that if the clause ‟it is day” be true, the clause ‟it is light” will necessarily be true also, then, once we have asserted that ‟it is day,” the statement ‟it is light” is also inferred, so that an argument in the form ‟It is day, therefore it is light” is sufficient, and the major premiss ‟If it is day, it is light” is redundant.

Исходные данные · JSON

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      "status": "official",
      "text": "These, then, are the much talked of non-demonstrable arguments, but they all seem to me to be inconclusive through redundancy. Thus for instance, to begin with the first, either it is agreed, or else it is non-evident, that in the major premiss ‟If it is day, it is light,” the clause ‟it is light” follows from its antecedent ‟it is day.” But if this is non-evident, we shall not grant the major premiss as agreed; if, however, it is pre-evident that if the clause ‟it is day” be true, the clause ‟it is light” will necessarily be true also, then, once we have asserted that ‟it is day,” the statement ‟it is light” is also inferred, so that an argument in the form ‟It is day, therefore it is light” is sufficient, and the major premiss ‟If it is day, it is light” is redundant."
    }
  ]
}

section/160

And in the case of the second non-demonstrable argument we make a similar objection. For it is either possible or impossible for the antecedent to be true when the consequent is not true. But if this is possible, the major premiss will not be valid; while if it is impossible, at the moment of positing ‟Not the consequent” we posit also ‟Not the antecedent,” and the major premiss is redundant once again, the argument propounded being ‟It is not light, therefore it is not day.”

Исходные данные · JSON

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      "status": "official",
      "text": "And in the case of the second non-demonstrable argument we make a similar objection. For it is either possible or impossible for the antecedent to be true when the consequent is not true. But if this is possible, the major premiss will not be valid; while if it is impossible, at the moment of positing ‟Not the consequent” we posit also ‟Not the antecedent,” and the major premiss is redundant once again, the argument propounded being ‟It is not light, therefore it is not day.”"
    }
  ]
}

section/161

The same reasoning applies also to the third non-demonstrable argument. For either it is pre-evident that it is impossible for the clauses in the coupled premiss mutually to co-exist, or else it is non-evident. And if it is non-evident we shall not grant the negative of the coupled premiss; but if it is pre-evident, at the moment of positing the one clause the other is annulled, and the negative of the coupled premiss is redundant when we propound the argument in the form ‟It is day, therefore it is not night.”

Исходные данные · JSON

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      "language": "en",
      "status": "official",
      "text": "The same reasoning applies also to the third non-demonstrable argument. For either it is pre-evident that it is impossible for the clauses in the coupled premiss mutually to co-exist, or else it is non-evident. And if it is non-evident we shall not grant the negative of the coupled premiss; but if it is pre-evident, at the moment of positing the one clause the other is annulled, and the negative of the coupled premiss is redundant when we propound the argument in the form ‟It is day, therefore it is not night.”"
    }
  ]
}

section/162

And we deal in like manner with the fourth non-demonstrable argument and the fifth. For either it is pre-evident or it is non-evident that in the disjunctive premiss one clause is true, the other false, in complete contradiction, as the disjunctive proclaims. And if this is non-evident, we shall not grant the disjunctive; but if it is pre-evident, if one of its clauses be affirmed it is apparent that the other is not true, and if one is negated it is pre-evident that the other is true, so that it is sufficient to frame the argument thus—‟It is day, therefore it is not night,” or ‟It is not day, therefore it is night;” and the disjunctive premiss is redundant.

Исходные данные · JSON

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      "text": "And we deal in like manner with the fourth non-demonstrable argument and the fifth. For either it is pre-evident or it is non-evident that in the disjunctive premiss one clause is true, the other false, in complete contradiction, as the disjunctive proclaims. And if this is non-evident, we shall not grant the disjunctive; but if it is pre-evident, if one of its clauses be affirmed it is apparent that the other is not true, and if one is negated it is pre-evident that the other is true, so that it is sufficient to frame the argument thus—‟It is day, therefore it is not night,” or ‟It is not day, therefore it is night;” and the disjunctive premiss is redundant."
    }
  ]
}

Пакеты в снимке

Пять стоических индемонстраблей по Диогену Лаэртскому и Сексту Эмпирику — вне юрисдикции государства — доктрина — EXECUTABLE 3 §33.1

Технические данныеПолный ответ, параметры и контрольные суммы

Статус расчёта: COMPUTED

Полный ответ движка

licensed_conclusion: TRUE_ONLY — установлено Выведено правом: licensed_conclusion(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b) Применены правила: FirstIndemonstrable Ответ поражаем правилом «fourth indemonstrable: either the first or the second; the first; therefore not the second» — оно отменило бы вывод, будь установлено: is_exclusive_disjunction(urn:stoic:test:conditional, urn:stoic:test:a, urn:stoic:test:b) Ответ поражаем правилом «second indemonstrable: if the first then the second; not the second; therefore not the first» — оно отменило бы вывод, будь установлено: is_negation_of(urn:stoic:test:a, v3); is_conditional(urn:stoic:test:conditional, urn:stoic:test:b, v3) Ответ поражаем правилом «third indemonstrable: not both; the first; therefore not the second» — оно отменило бы вывод, будь установлено: is_negation_of(urn:stoic:test:conditional, v2); is_conjunction(v2, urn:stoic:test:a, urn:stoic:test:b) (поражающее правило не сработало из-за неустановленных фактов — подайте их в facts, если они есть в деле) Право (вне юрисдикции государства): Пять стоических индемонстраблей по Диогену Лаэртскому и Сексту Эмпирику — доктрина — EXECUTABLE 3 §33.1 (programHash sha256:e2f4a762812e…) proof-граф: 8 узлов — поле evaluation готово для law_explain

Полный машинный результат · JSON

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    "evaluationStatus": "COMPUTED",
    "kind": "TRUTH",
    "meaning": "установлено",
    "missingInputs": [],
    "truthStatus": "TRUE_ONLY"
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  "closedEditionRules": [],
  "derived": [
    "licensed_conclusion(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b)"
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  "derivedOmitted": 0,
  "evaluation": {
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          },
          "evidence": [],
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              "polarity": "positive",
              "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#licensed_conclusion"
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            "truthStatus": "TRUE_ONLY"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:query:mcp",
          "kind": "query_evaluation",
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      "proofHash": "sha256:83cedece4f3b0cb74938d2b92fce775c3bc42fc075c06be09b59ae8e9332da1f",
      "roots": [
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  "evaluationStatus": "COMPUTED",
  "issues": [],
  "judgmentRequests": [],
  "proofRef": "urn:proof:query:mcp",
  "provenance": {
    "acts": [
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        "contributed": true,
        "fragmentCount": 10,
        "fragments": [
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          "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_157",
          "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_159"
        ],
        "jurisdiction": "none",
        "namespace": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia",
        "package": "grc-stoic-indemonstrables",
        "title": "Пять стоических индемонстраблей по Диогену Лаэртскому и Сексту Эмпирику — вне юрисдикции государства — доктрина — EXECUTABLE 3 §33.1"
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        "name": "i",
        "type": {
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      },
      {
        "labels": [],
        "name": "p",
        "type": {
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    "schemaVersion": "law.answers.signature/0.1",
    "types": {
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        "kind": "entity",
        "labels": [
          {
            "language": "en",
            "status": "translation",
            "text": "submitted inference: major premise, minor premise, and conclusion"
          },
          {
            "language": "ru",
            "status": "official",
            "text": "предъявленный вывод: большая посылка, малая посылка и заключение"
          }
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        "namespace": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia",
        "package": "grc.stoici.indemonstrabilia"
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      "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#Proposition": {
        "kind": "entity",
        "labels": [
          {
            "language": "en",
            "status": "translation",
            "text": "proposition: truth-apt content"
          },
          {
            "language": "grc",
            "status": "official",
            "text": "ἀξίωμα"
          },
          {
            "language": "ru",
            "status": "translation",
            "text": "пропозиция: содержание, способное быть истинным или ложным"
          }
        ],
        "namespace": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia",
        "package": "grc.stoici.indemonstrabilia"
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      ],
      "label": "fourth indemonstrable: either the first or the second; the first; therefore not the second",
      "missing": [
        "is_exclusive_disjunction(urn:stoic:test:conditional, urn:stoic:test:a, urn:stoic:test:b)"
      ],
      "premises": [
        {
          "premise": "is_exclusive_disjunction(urn:stoic:test:conditional, urn:stoic:test:a, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "NEITHER"
        },
        {
          "premise": "conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:conditional)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:a)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        }
      ],
      "rule": "FourthIndemonstrable"
    },
    {
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        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_160"
      ],
      "label": "second indemonstrable: if the first then the second; not the second; therefore not the first",
      "missing": [
        "is_negation_of(urn:stoic:test:a, v3)",
        "is_conditional(urn:stoic:test:conditional, urn:stoic:test:b, v3)"
      ],
      "premises": [
        {
          "premise": "minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:a)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "note": "зависит от несвязанной переменной",
          "premise": "is_negation_of(urn:stoic:test:a, v3)",
          "status": "DEPENDS"
        },
        {
          "premise": "major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:conditional)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "note": "зависит от несвязанной переменной",
          "premise": "is_conditional(urn:stoic:test:conditional, urn:stoic:test:b, v3)",
          "status": "DEPENDS"
        }
      ],
      "rule": "SecondIndemonstrable"
    },
    {
      "anchors": [
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        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_161"
      ],
      "label": "third indemonstrable: not both; the first; therefore not the second",
      "missing": [
        "is_negation_of(urn:stoic:test:conditional, v2)",
        "is_conjunction(v2, urn:stoic:test:a, urn:stoic:test:b)"
      ],
      "premises": [
        {
          "premise": "minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:a)",
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        },
        {
          "premise": "major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:conditional)",
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        },
        {
          "premise": "conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "note": "зависит от несвязанной переменной",
          "premise": "is_negation_of(urn:stoic:test:conditional, v2)",
          "status": "DEPENDS"
        },
        {
          "note": "зависит от несвязанной переменной",
          "premise": "is_conjunction(v2, urn:stoic:test:a, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "DEPENDS"
        }
      ],
      "rule": "ThirdIndemonstrable"
    }
  ],
  "whyNot": []
}

Исполнение · JSON

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  "evaluationSha256": "sha256:a60282dd527955dd7a80384159c30d080ed78483fe96f95c952344a49d656fad",
  "request": {
    "case": {
      "assertions": [
        {
          "contentHash": "sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:mcp:case#fact-1",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "literal": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:conditional",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#major_premise"
          },
          "origin": "case_input",
          "package": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia"
        },
        {
          "contentHash": "sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:mcp:case#fact-2",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "literal": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:a",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#minor_premise"
          },
          "origin": "case_input",
          "package": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia"
        },
        {
          "contentHash": "sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:mcp:case#fact-3",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "literal": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:b",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#conclusion_requested"
          },
          "origin": "case_input",
          "package": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia"
        },
        {
          "contentHash": "sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:mcp:case#fact-4",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "literal": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:conditional",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:a",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:b",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#is_conditional"
          },
          "origin": "case_input",
          "package": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia"
        }
      ],
      "context": {
        "decisionTime": "0001-01-01T12:00:00+05:00",
        "knowledgeTime": "0001-01-01T12:00:00+05:00",
        "legalTime": "0001-01-01",
        "timezone": "Asia/Qyzylorda"
      },
      "options": {
        "selectedInterpretations": [
          "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DiogenesFifthReading"
        ]
      }
    },
    "ir": {
      "irSha256": "sha256:fe74cc4cf1cf095d9cbe414d6980569afdb8644cd13f23c0b1cf46a32f6e4176",
      "kind": "world_ref",
      "nodeCount": 36,
      "packages": [
        {
          "artifactHash": "sha256:b418b3116ecb48441412cb51484854ec4e1694f79e57b5479592cb1ab6a60e74",
          "namespace": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia",
          "package": "grc-stoic-indemonstrables",
          "semanticHash": "sha256:af1c08b281761cca9feb1539e6f9a3cd3e994853be9ee36a1909ab2350f8c7b2"
        }
      ],
      "programHash": "sha256:e2f4a762812ed3108f558e351eeaeff0a8aef1e08bb356e1e5c93d7c300833b4"
    },
    "query": {
      "kind": "truth",
      "literal": {
        "args": [
          {
            "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
            "kind": "entity_ref"
          },
          {
            "id": "urn:stoic:test:b",
            "kind": "entity_ref"
          }
        ],
        "kind": "literal",
        "polarity": "positive",
        "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#licensed_conclusion"
      },
      "queryId": "urn:query:mcp"
    },
    "schemaVersion": "law.core.evaluation-request/0.2",
    "semanticVersion": "0.2"
  },
  "requestCanonicalSha256": "sha256:540d3270c9dd4bf53fbadfe6423692792befe329001647c7acc252f8a369ce3d"
}

Метаданные отображения

Блок слишком большой для встроенного просмотра. Он целиком включён в JSON документа — без сокращений.

Скачать JSON ↓

JSON · расчёты, источники и точные данные

{
  "acts": [
    {
      "contributed": true,
      "fragmentCount": 10,
      "fragments": [
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DL_7_80",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_157",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_159"
      ],
      "jurisdiction": "none",
      "namespace": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia",
      "package": "grc-stoic-indemonstrables",
      "title": "Пять стоических индемонстраблей по Диогену Лаэртскому и Сексту Эмпирику — вне юрисдикции государства — доктрина — EXECUTABLE 3 §33.1"
    }
  ],
  "caseHash": "sha256:8ab75b84ad425c960064785d0f619eddfb4249c3accf352586f1c89c5fc7de0d",
  "codeHash": "sha256:9bcca6a33805c1c364ca1bc8e9d39d6a9c51ba44203c0406bafbf397b96be699",
  "jurisdiction": "вне юрисдикции государства",
  "legalTime": "0001-01-01",
  "mode": "audit",
  "programHash": "sha256:e2f4a762812ed3108f558e351eeaeff0a8aef1e08bb356e1e5c93d7c300833b4",
  "resultHash": "sha256:e8102e574c5af8d6ef38877201df4a7181192327e2284516632f69a225995864",
  "rustCodeHash": "sha256:d368cafc7162ed7a6563df5e5c943a57be26fa8aeb3179b530fe3bdd67fe9be4",
  "timezone": "Asia/Qyzylorda"
}

evaluation SHA-256: sha256:a60282dd527955dd7a80384159c30d080ed78483fe96f95c952344a49d656fad

Исходные данные · JSON

{
  "args": [
    "urn:stoic:test:inference",
    "urn:stoic:test:b"
  ],
  "facts": [
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:inference",
        "urn:stoic:test:conditional"
      ],
      "predicate": "major_premise"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:inference",
        "urn:stoic:test:a"
      ],
      "predicate": "minor_premise"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:inference",
        "urn:stoic:test:b"
      ],
      "predicate": "conclusion_requested"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:conditional",
        "urn:stoic:test:a",
        "urn:stoic:test:b"
      ],
      "predicate": "is_conditional"
    }
  ],
  "kind": "truth",
  "legalTime": "0001-01-01",
  "package": "grc-stoic-indemonstrables",
  "predicate": "licensed_conclusion",
  "proof": true,
  "selectedInterpretations": [
    "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DiogenesFifthReading"
  ]
}

Условная большая посылка и утверждение основания дают дозволенный вывод следствия.

Проверка условия

Второй: если A, то B; не B; следовательно A?

Дата контекста 01.01.0001

Результат расчёта

Опровергнуто

Исходные параметры

Что определяем

предъявленные посылки лицензируют пропозицию как заключение

inferencea

Исходные факты

пропозиция предъявлена как большая посылка этого вывода
i: inferencep: conditional
пропозиция предъявлена как малая посылка этого вывода
i: inferencep: not-b
для пропозиции проверяется, лицензирована ли она как заключение
i: inferencep: a
пропозиция имеет форму «если antecedent, то consequent»
p: conditionalantecedent: aconsequent: b
первая пропозиция есть противоречащее отрицание второй
negative: not-bpositive: b

Дополнительные сведения

Сохранить доказательство: Да
selectedInterpretations: DiogenesFifthReading

Исходные данные · JSON

{
  "args": [
    "urn:stoic:test:inference",
    "urn:stoic:test:a"
  ],
  "facts": [
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:inference",
        "urn:stoic:test:conditional"
      ],
      "predicate": "major_premise"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:inference",
        "urn:stoic:test:not-b"
      ],
      "predicate": "minor_premise"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:inference",
        "urn:stoic:test:a"
      ],
      "predicate": "conclusion_requested"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:conditional",
        "urn:stoic:test:a",
        "urn:stoic:test:b"
      ],
      "predicate": "is_conditional"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:not-b",
        "urn:stoic:test:b"
      ],
      "predicate": "is_negation_of"
    }
  ],
  "kind": "truth",
  "legalTime": "0001-01-01",
  "package": "grc-stoic-indemonstrables",
  "predicate": "licensed_conclusion",
  "proof": true,
  "selectedInterpretations": [
    "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DiogenesFifthReading"
  ]
}

Почему такой результатПрименённые правила и условия

Путь вывода7 шагов

1
пропозиция предъявлена как большая посылка этого вывода
i: urn:stoic:test:inference; p: urn:stoic:test:conditional
факт дела
2
пропозиция предъявлена как малая посылка этого вывода
i: urn:stoic:test:inference; p: urn:stoic:test:not-b
факт дела
3
для пропозиции проверяется, лицензирована ли она как заключение
i: urn:stoic:test:inference; p: urn:stoic:test:a
факт дела
4
пропозиция имеет форму «если antecedent, то consequent»
p: urn:stoic:test:conditional; antecedent: urn:stoic:test:a; consequent: urn:stoic:test:b
факт дела
5
первая пропозиция есть противоречащее отрицание второй
negative: urn:stoic:test:not-b; positive: urn:stoic:test:b
факт дела
6
вторая схема: если первое, то второе; не второе; значит не первое
не предъявленные посылки лицензируют пропозицию как заключение: i: urn:stoic:test:inference; p: urn:stoic:test:a
разд. 80, разд. 157, разд. 160
Идентификатор
urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SecondIndemonstrable
правило
7
Вычисление запроса
запрос

проверено движком: 2 · факт дела: 5 · Полный граф: 9 узлов

Основание этого ответа

Правила из сохранённой цепочки доказательства ответа.

Пять стоических индемонстраблей по Диогену Лаэртскому и Сексту Эмпирику — вне юрисдикции государства — доктрина

вторая схема: если первое, то второе; не второе; значит не первое
Идентификатор
urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SecondIndemonstrable

Другие выводы1

Исходные данные · JSON

"не licensed_conclusion(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:a)"

Граф доказательств

Граф доказательства · 3 слой

Узлы доказательств: 9 · assertion 5, rule_application 1, constraint_check 1, interpretation_selection 1, query_evaluation 1

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-1

attributes

assertion: fact-1

conclusion

Аргументы

Идентификатор
inference
Тип
entity_ref
Идентификатор
conditional
Тип
entity_ref

Тип

literal

Знак

positive

Условие

major_premise

evidence

—

Идентификатор

fact-1

Тип

assertion

Посылки

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-2

attributes

assertion: fact-2

conclusion

Аргументы

Идентификатор
inference
Тип
entity_ref
Идентификатор
not-b
Тип
entity_ref

Тип

literal

Знак

positive

Условие

minor_premise

evidence

—

Идентификатор

fact-2

Тип

assertion

Посылки

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-3

attributes

assertion: fact-3

conclusion

Аргументы

Идентификатор
inference
Тип
entity_ref
Идентификатор
a
Тип
entity_ref

Тип

literal

Знак

positive

Условие

conclusion_requested

evidence

—

Идентификатор

fact-3

Тип

assertion

Посылки

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-4

attributes

assertion: fact-4

conclusion

Аргументы

Идентификатор
conditional
Тип
entity_ref
Идентификатор
a
Тип
entity_ref
Идентификатор
b
Тип
entity_ref

Тип

literal

Знак

positive

Условие

is_conditional

evidence

—

Идентификатор

fact-4

Тип

assertion

Посылки

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-5

attributes

assertion: fact-5

conclusion

Аргументы

Идентификатор
not-b
Тип
entity_ref
Идентификатор
b
Тип
entity_ref

Тип

literal

Знак

positive

Условие

is_negation_of

evidence

—

Идентификатор

fact-5

Тип

assertion

Посылки

—

sourceAnchors

—

rule_application · urn:proof:apply:SecondIndemonstrable:ba6c29fbcb2a5217ffb49af64c78d54f897192bda5a9e7ece8088689a1ff32bf

attributes

—

conclusion

Аргументы

Идентификатор
inference
Тип
entity_ref
Идентификатор
a
Тип
entity_ref

Тип

literal

Знак

negative

Условие

licensed_conclusion

evidence

—

Идентификатор

ba6c29fbcb2a5217ffb49af64c78d54f897192bda5a9e7ece8088689a1ff32bf

Тип

rule_application

Посылки

fact-1
fact-2
fact-3
fact-4
fact-5

Правило

SecondIndemonstrable

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Идентификатор: inference
Тип: entity_ref

Идентификатор: conditional
Тип: entity_ref

Идентификатор: a
Тип: entity_ref

Идентификатор: b
Тип: entity_ref

Идентификатор: not-b
Тип: entity_ref

constraint_check · urn:proof:constraint:FiveIndemonstrablesExhaustive:43134e6c52bce37d4c483f9d80a99d2c4f6ba5a502c5c056ad2eaa858f0bbbf6

attributes

—

conclusion

constraint: FiveIndemonstrablesExhaustive
requirementStatus: Установлено
Статус расчёта: Соблюдено
triggerStatus: Соблюдено

evidence

—

Идентификатор

43134e6c52bce37d4c483f9d80a99d2c4f6ba5a502c5c056ad2eaa858f0bbbf6

Тип

constraint_check

Посылки

ba6c29fbcb2a5217ffb49af64c78d54f897192bda5a9e7ece8088689a1ff32bf
fact-3

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Идентификатор: inference
Тип: entity_ref

Идентификатор: a
Тип: entity_ref

interpretation_selection · urn:proof:interpretation-selection

attributes

—

conclusion

selected: DiogenesFifthReading

evidence

—

Идентификатор

interpretation-selection

Тип

interpretation_selection

Посылки

—

sourceAnchors

—

query_evaluation · urn:proof:query:mcp

attributes

—

conclusion

literal

Аргументы

Идентификатор
inference
Тип
entity_ref
Идентификатор
a
Тип
entity_ref

Тип

literal

Знак

positive

Условие

licensed_conclusion

truthStatus

Опровергнуто

evidence

—

Идентификатор

mcp

Тип

query_evaluation

Посылки

ba6c29fbcb2a5217ffb49af64c78d54f897192bda5a9e7ece8088689a1ff32bf

sourceAnchors

—

Идентификаторы календаря и доказательства

Ссылка на доказательство: mcp

Исходное обоснование · JSON

{
  "derived": [
    "не licensed_conclusion(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:a)"
  ],
  "derivedOmitted": 0,
  "evaluation": {
    "proofGraph": {
      "nodes": [
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:mcp:case#fact-1"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:conditional",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#major_premise"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-1",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:mcp:case#fact-2"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:not-b",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#minor_premise"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-2",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:mcp:case#fact-3"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:a",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#conclusion_requested"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-3",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:mcp:case#fact-4"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:conditional",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:a",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:b",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#is_conditional"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-4",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:mcp:case#fact-5"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:not-b",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:b",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#is_negation_of"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-5",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {},
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:a",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "negative",
            "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#licensed_conclusion"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:apply:SecondIndemonstrable:ba6c29fbcb2a5217ffb49af64c78d54f897192bda5a9e7ece8088689a1ff32bf",
          "kind": "rule_application",
          "premises": [
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-1",
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-2",
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ИсточникиФрагментов: 3

section/80

The first kind of indemonstrable statement is that in which the whole argument is constructed of a hypothetical proposition and the clause with which the hypothetical proposition begins, while the final clause is the conclusion; as e.g. If the first, then the second; but the first is, therefore the second is. The second is that which employs a hypothetical proposition and the contradictory of the consequent, while the conclusion is the contradictory of the antecedent; e.g. If it is day, it is light; but it is night, therefore it is not day. Here the minor premiss is the contradictory of the consequent; the conclusion the contradictory of the antecedent. The third kind of indemonstrable employs a conjunction of negative propositions for major premiss and one of the conjoined propositions for minor premiss, concluding thence the contradictory of the remaining proposition; e.g. It is not the case that Plato is both dead and alive; but he is dead, therefore Plato is not alive.

Исходные данные · JSON

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      "text": "The first kind of indemonstrable statement is that in which the whole argument is constructed of a hypothetical proposition and the clause with which the hypothetical proposition begins, while the final clause is the conclusion; as e.g. If the first, then the second; but the first is, therefore the second is. The second is that which employs a hypothetical proposition and the contradictory of the consequent, while the conclusion is the contradictory of the antecedent; e.g. If it is day, it is light; but it is night, therefore it is not day. Here the minor premiss is the contradictory of the consequent; the conclusion the contradictory of the antecedent. The third kind of indemonstrable employs a conjunction of negative propositions for major premiss and one of the conjoined propositions for minor premiss, concluding thence the contradictory of the remaining proposition; e.g. It is not the case that Plato is both dead and alive; but he is dead, therefore Plato is not alive."
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section/157

Now there are, in their imaginings, many non-demonstrable arguments, but the five which they chiefly propound, and to which all the rest can, it seems, be referred, are these. The first is that which deduces the consequent from the major premiss and the antecedent, as for example ‟If it is day, it is light; but in fact it is day; therefore it is light.” The second is that which deduces the opposite of the antecedent from the major premiss and the opposite of the consequent, as for example ‟If it is day, it is light; but it is not light; therefore it is not day.”

Исходные данные · JSON

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section/160

And in the case of the second non-demonstrable argument we make a similar objection. For it is either possible or impossible for the antecedent to be true when the consequent is not true. But if this is possible, the major premiss will not be valid; while if it is impossible, at the moment of positing ‟Not the consequent” we posit also ‟Not the antecedent,” and the major premiss is redundant once again, the argument propounded being ‟It is not light, therefore it is not day.”

Исходные данные · JSON

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      "text": "And in the case of the second non-demonstrable argument we make a similar objection. For it is either possible or impossible for the antecedent to be true when the consequent is not true. But if this is possible, the major premiss will not be valid; while if it is impossible, at the moment of positing ‟Not the consequent” we posit also ‟Not the antecedent,” and the major premiss is redundant once again, the argument propounded being ‟It is not light, therefore it is not day.”"
    }
  ]
}

Пакеты в снимке

Пять стоических индемонстраблей по Диогену Лаэртскому и Сексту Эмпирику — вне юрисдикции государства — доктрина — EXECUTABLE 3 §33.1

Технические данныеПолный ответ, параметры и контрольные суммы

Статус расчёта: COMPUTED

Полный ответ движка

licensed_conclusion: FALSE_ONLY — опровергнуто Выведено правом: не licensed_conclusion(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:a) Применены правила: SecondIndemonstrable Право (вне юрисдикции государства): Пять стоических индемонстраблей по Диогену Лаэртскому и Сексту Эмпирику — доктрина — EXECUTABLE 3 §33.1 (programHash sha256:e2f4a762812e…) proof-граф: 9 узлов — поле evaluation готово для law_explain

Полный машинный результат · JSON

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  "whyNot": []
}

Исполнение · JSON

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Метаданные отображения

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      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "translation",
          "text": "submitted inference: major premise, minor premise, and conclusion"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "official",
          "text": "предъявленный вывод: большая посылка, малая посылка и заключение"
        }
      ],
      "name": "Inference",
      "package": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#Proposition",
      "kind": "type_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "translation",
          "text": "proposition: truth-apt content"
        },
        {
          "language": "grc",
          "status": "official",
          "text": "ἀξίωμα"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "translation",
          "text": "пропозиция: содержание, способное быть истинным или ложным"
        }
      ],
      "name": "Proposition",
      "package": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_157",
      "kind": "fragment",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "official",
          "text": "Section 157"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "translation",
          "text": "параграф 157"
        }
      ],
      "package": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_160",
      "kind": "fragment",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "official",
          "text": "Section 160"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "translation",
          "text": "параграф 160"
        }
      ],
      "package": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SecondIndemonstrable",
      "kind": "rule",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "translation",
          "text": "second indemonstrable: if the first then the second; not the second; therefore not the first"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "official",
          "text": "вторая схема: если первое, то второе; не второе; значит не первое"
        }
      ],
      "package": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia",
      "strength": "strict"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#conclusion_requested",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "translation",
          "text": "the proposition is submitted as the conclusion to be checked"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "official",
          "text": "для пропозиции проверяется, лицензирована ли она как заключение"
        }
      ],
      "name": "conclusion_requested",
      "package": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia",
      "parameters": [
        {
          "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#conclusion_requested/arg/i",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "i",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#Inference"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#conclusion_requested/arg/p",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "p",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#Proposition"
          }
        }
      ],
      "symbolKind": "relation"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#is_conditional",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "translation",
          "text": "the proposition is a conditional with this antecedent and consequent"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "official",
          "text": "пропозиция имеет форму «если antecedent, то consequent»"
        }
      ],
      "name": "is_conditional",
      "package": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia",
      "parameters": [
        {
          "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#is_conditional/arg/p",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "p",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#Proposition"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#is_conditional/arg/antecedent",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "antecedent",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#Proposition"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#is_conditional/arg/consequent",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "consequent",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#Proposition"
          }
        }
      ],
      "symbolKind": "relation"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#is_negation_of",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "translation",
          "text": "the first proposition is the contradictory negation of the second"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "official",
          "text": "первая пропозиция есть противоречащее отрицание второй"
        }
      ],
      "name": "is_negation_of",
      "package": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia",
      "parameters": [
        {
          "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#is_negation_of/arg/negative",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "negative",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#Proposition"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#is_negation_of/arg/positive",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "positive",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#Proposition"
          }
        }
      ],
      "symbolKind": "relation"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#licensed_conclusion",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "translation",
          "text": "the submitted premises license the proposition as conclusion"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "official",
          "text": "предъявленные посылки лицензируют пропозицию как заключение"
        }
      ],
      "name": "licensed_conclusion",
      "package": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia",
      "parameters": [
        {
          "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#licensed_conclusion/arg/i",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "i",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#Inference"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#licensed_conclusion/arg/p",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "p",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#Proposition"
          }
        }
      ],
      "symbolKind": "relation"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#major_premise",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "translation",
          "text": "the proposition is the major premise of this inference"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "official",
          "text": "пропозиция предъявлена как большая посылка этого вывода"
        }
      ],
      "name": "major_premise",
      "package": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia",
      "parameters": [
        {
          "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#major_premise/arg/i",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "i",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#Inference"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#major_premise/arg/p",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "p",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#Proposition"
          }
        }
      ],
      "symbolKind": "relation"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#minor_premise",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "translation",
          "text": "the proposition is the minor premise of this inference"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "official",
          "text": "пропозиция предъявлена как малая посылка этого вывода"
        }
      ],
      "name": "minor_premise",
      "package": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia",
      "parameters": [
        {
          "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#minor_premise/arg/i",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "i",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#Inference"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#minor_premise/arg/p",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "p",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#Proposition"
          }
        }
      ],
      "symbolKind": "relation"
    }
  ],
  "tables": []
}

JSON · расчёты, источники и точные данные

{
  "acts": [
    {
      "contributed": true,
      "fragmentCount": 10,
      "fragments": [
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DL_7_80",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_157",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_160"
      ],
      "jurisdiction": "none",
      "namespace": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia",
      "package": "grc-stoic-indemonstrables",
      "title": "Пять стоических индемонстраблей по Диогену Лаэртскому и Сексту Эмпирику — вне юрисдикции государства — доктрина — EXECUTABLE 3 §33.1"
    }
  ],
  "caseHash": "sha256:9d304b20962f257a0a8dc835f37fd6acc68799b47f0ae458686d56f68bf460a1",
  "codeHash": "sha256:9bcca6a33805c1c364ca1bc8e9d39d6a9c51ba44203c0406bafbf397b96be699",
  "jurisdiction": "вне юрисдикции государства",
  "legalTime": "0001-01-01",
  "mode": "audit",
  "programHash": "sha256:e2f4a762812ed3108f558e351eeaeff0a8aef1e08bb356e1e5c93d7c300833b4",
  "resultHash": "sha256:276288d0eff430d3e04ba5c9b9b3442d25fb5b289ca479d7633a5c0d96727432",
  "rustCodeHash": "sha256:d368cafc7162ed7a6563df5e5c943a57be26fa8aeb3179b530fe3bdd67fe9be4",
  "timezone": "Asia/Qyzylorda"
}

evaluation SHA-256: sha256:478279376c250baf85bae7fdc09d6d08f53f3b480c375516b6b15f042f54dea5

Исходные данные · JSON

{
  "args": [
    "urn:stoic:test:inference",
    "urn:stoic:test:a"
  ],
  "facts": [
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:inference",
        "urn:stoic:test:conditional"
      ],
      "predicate": "major_premise"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:inference",
        "urn:stoic:test:not-b"
      ],
      "predicate": "minor_premise"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:inference",
        "urn:stoic:test:a"
      ],
      "predicate": "conclusion_requested"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:conditional",
        "urn:stoic:test:a",
        "urn:stoic:test:b"
      ],
      "predicate": "is_conditional"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:not-b",
        "urn:stoic:test:b"
      ],
      "predicate": "is_negation_of"
    }
  ],
  "kind": "truth",
  "legalTime": "0001-01-01",
  "package": "grc-stoic-indemonstrables",
  "predicate": "licensed_conclusion",
  "proof": true,
  "selectedInterpretations": [
    "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DiogenesFifthReading"
  ]
}

Отрицание следствия не дозволяет вывод основания: вывод опровергнут строгим правилом второго способа.

Проверка условия

Четвёртый: либо A, либо B; A; следовательно B?

Дата контекста 01.01.0001

Результат расчёта

Опровергнуто

Исходные параметры

Что определяем

предъявленные посылки лицензируют пропозицию как заключение

inferenceb

Исходные факты

пропозиция предъявлена как большая посылка этого вывода
i: inferencep: disjunction
пропозиция предъявлена как малая посылка этого вывода
i: inferencep: a
для пропозиции проверяется, лицензирована ли она как заключение
i: inferencep: b
пропозиция есть исключающая дизъюнкция first и second
p: disjunctionfirst: asecond: b

Дополнительные сведения

Сохранить доказательство: Да
selectedInterpretations: DiogenesFifthReading

Исходные данные · JSON

{
  "args": [
    "urn:stoic:test:inference",
    "urn:stoic:test:b"
  ],
  "facts": [
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:inference",
        "urn:stoic:test:disjunction"
      ],
      "predicate": "major_premise"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:inference",
        "urn:stoic:test:a"
      ],
      "predicate": "minor_premise"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:inference",
        "urn:stoic:test:b"
      ],
      "predicate": "conclusion_requested"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:disjunction",
        "urn:stoic:test:a",
        "urn:stoic:test:b"
      ],
      "predicate": "is_exclusive_disjunction"
    }
  ],
  "kind": "truth",
  "legalTime": "0001-01-01",
  "package": "grc-stoic-indemonstrables",
  "predicate": "licensed_conclusion",
  "proof": true,
  "selectedInterpretations": [
    "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DiogenesFifthReading"
  ]
}

Почему такой результатПрименённые правила и условия

Путь вывода6 шагов

1
пропозиция предъявлена как большая посылка этого вывода
i: urn:stoic:test:inference; p: urn:stoic:test:disjunction
факт дела
2
пропозиция предъявлена как малая посылка этого вывода
i: urn:stoic:test:inference; p: urn:stoic:test:a
факт дела
3
для пропозиции проверяется, лицензирована ли она как заключение
i: urn:stoic:test:inference; p: urn:stoic:test:b
факт дела
4
пропозиция есть исключающая дизъюнкция first и second
p: urn:stoic:test:disjunction; first: urn:stoic:test:a; second: urn:stoic:test:b
факт дела
5
четвёртая схема: либо первое, либо второе; первое; значит не второе
не предъявленные посылки лицензируют пропозицию как заключение: i: urn:stoic:test:inference; p: urn:stoic:test:b
разд. 81, разд. 158, разд. 162
Идентификатор
urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#FourthIndemonstrable
правило
6
Вычисление запроса
запрос

проверено движком: 2 · факт дела: 4 · Полный граф: 8 узлов

Основание этого ответа

Правила из сохранённой цепочки доказательства ответа.

Пять стоических индемонстраблей по Диогену Лаэртскому и Сексту Эмпирику — вне юрисдикции государства — доктрина

четвёртая схема: либо первое, либо второе; первое; значит не второе
Идентификатор
urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#FourthIndemonstrable

Другие выводы1

Исходные данные · JSON

"не licensed_conclusion(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b)"

Граф доказательств

Граф доказательства · 3 слой

Узлы доказательств: 8 · assertion 4, rule_application 1, constraint_check 1, interpretation_selection 1, query_evaluation 1

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-1

attributes

assertion: fact-1

conclusion

Аргументы

Идентификатор
inference
Тип
entity_ref
Идентификатор
disjunction
Тип
entity_ref

Тип

literal

Знак

positive

Условие

major_premise

evidence

—

Идентификатор

fact-1

Тип

assertion

Посылки

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-2

attributes

assertion: fact-2

conclusion

Аргументы

Идентификатор
inference
Тип
entity_ref
Идентификатор
a
Тип
entity_ref

Тип

literal

Знак

positive

Условие

minor_premise

evidence

—

Идентификатор

fact-2

Тип

assertion

Посылки

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-3

attributes

assertion: fact-3

conclusion

Аргументы

Идентификатор
inference
Тип
entity_ref
Идентификатор
b
Тип
entity_ref

Тип

literal

Знак

positive

Условие

conclusion_requested

evidence

—

Идентификатор

fact-3

Тип

assertion

Посылки

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-4

attributes

assertion: fact-4

conclusion

Аргументы

Идентификатор
disjunction
Тип
entity_ref
Идентификатор
a
Тип
entity_ref
Идентификатор
b
Тип
entity_ref

Тип

literal

Знак

positive

Условие

is_exclusive_disjunction

evidence

—

Идентификатор

fact-4

Тип

assertion

Посылки

—

sourceAnchors

—

rule_application · urn:proof:apply:FourthIndemonstrable:11927698310528c8cf3b0ff5f5ad6509afbf64bda9ec222c1fc0aaaa11543403

attributes

—

conclusion

Аргументы

Идентификатор
inference
Тип
entity_ref
Идентификатор
b
Тип
entity_ref

Тип

literal

Знак

negative

Условие

licensed_conclusion

evidence

—

Идентификатор

11927698310528c8cf3b0ff5f5ad6509afbf64bda9ec222c1fc0aaaa11543403

Тип

rule_application

Посылки

fact-1
fact-2
fact-3
fact-4

Правило

FourthIndemonstrable

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Идентификатор: inference
Тип: entity_ref

Идентификатор: disjunction
Тип: entity_ref

Идентификатор: a
Тип: entity_ref

Идентификатор: b
Тип: entity_ref

constraint_check · urn:proof:constraint:FiveIndemonstrablesExhaustive:99167fe497b36cddd51e31a299f407c7103afe3570d9a97bfbc02c9599343671

attributes

—

conclusion

constraint: FiveIndemonstrablesExhaustive
requirementStatus: Установлено
Статус расчёта: Соблюдено
triggerStatus: Соблюдено

evidence

—

Идентификатор

99167fe497b36cddd51e31a299f407c7103afe3570d9a97bfbc02c9599343671

Тип

constraint_check

Посылки

11927698310528c8cf3b0ff5f5ad6509afbf64bda9ec222c1fc0aaaa11543403
fact-3

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Идентификатор: inference
Тип: entity_ref

Идентификатор: b
Тип: entity_ref

interpretation_selection · urn:proof:interpretation-selection

attributes

—

conclusion

selected: DiogenesFifthReading

evidence

—

Идентификатор

interpretation-selection

Тип

interpretation_selection

Посылки

—

sourceAnchors

—

query_evaluation · urn:proof:query:mcp

attributes

—

conclusion

literal

Аргументы

Идентификатор
inference
Тип
entity_ref
Идентификатор
b
Тип
entity_ref

Тип

literal

Знак

positive

Условие

licensed_conclusion

truthStatus

Опровергнуто

evidence

—

Идентификатор

mcp

Тип

query_evaluation

Посылки

11927698310528c8cf3b0ff5f5ad6509afbf64bda9ec222c1fc0aaaa11543403

sourceAnchors

—

Идентификаторы календаря и доказательства

Ссылка на доказательство: mcp

Исходное обоснование · JSON

{
  "derived": [
    "не licensed_conclusion(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b)"
  ],
  "derivedOmitted": 0,
  "evaluation": {
    "proofGraph": {
      "nodes": [
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:mcp:case#fact-1"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:disjunction",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
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ИсточникиФрагментов: 3

section/81

The fourth kind employs a disjunctive proposition and one of the two alternatives in the disjunction as premisses, and its conclusion is the contradictory of the other alternative; e.g. Either A or B; but A is, therefore B is not. The fifth kind is that in which the argument as a whole is constructed of a disjunctive proposition and the contradictory of one of the alternatives in the disjunction, its conclusion being the other alternative; e.g. Either it is day or it is night; but it is not night, therefore it is day. From a truth a truth follows, according to the Stoics, as e.g. It is light from It is day; and from a falsehood a falsehood, as It is dark from It is night, if this latter be untrue. Also a truth may follow from a falsehood; e.g. from The earth flies will follow The earth exists; whereas from a truth no falsehood will follow, for from the existence of the earth it does not follow that the earth flies aloft.

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section/158

The third deduces from the negation of a coupled premiss and the affirmation of one of its clauses the opposite of the other clause, as for example ‟It is not both night and day; but it is day; therefore it is not night.” The fourth deduces from a disjunctive premiss and one of its alternative clauses the opposite of the other, as for example ‟Either it is day or it is night; but it is day; therefore it is not night.” The fifth deduces from a disjunctive premiss and the opposite of one of its clauses the other clause, as for example ‟Either it is day or it is night; but it is not night; therefore it is day.”

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section/162

And we deal in like manner with the fourth non-demonstrable argument and the fifth. For either it is pre-evident or it is non-evident that in the disjunctive premiss one clause is true, the other false, in complete contradiction, as the disjunctive proclaims. And if this is non-evident, we shall not grant the disjunctive; but if it is pre-evident, if one of its clauses be affirmed it is apparent that the other is not true, and if one is negated it is pre-evident that the other is true, so that it is sufficient to frame the argument thus—‟It is day, therefore it is not night,” or ‟It is not day, therefore it is night;” and the disjunctive premiss is redundant.

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Пакеты в снимке

Пять стоических индемонстраблей по Диогену Лаэртскому и Сексту Эмпирику — вне юрисдикции государства — доктрина — EXECUTABLE 3 §33.1

Технические данныеПолный ответ, параметры и контрольные суммы

Статус расчёта: COMPUTED

Полный ответ движка

licensed_conclusion: FALSE_ONLY — опровергнуто Выведено правом: не licensed_conclusion(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b) Применены правила: FourthIndemonstrable Право (вне юрисдикции государства): Пять стоических индемонстраблей по Диогену Лаэртскому и Сексту Эмпирику — доктрина — EXECUTABLE 3 §33.1 (programHash sha256:e2f4a762812e…) proof-граф: 8 узлов — поле evaluation готово для law_explain

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    "programHash": "sha256:e2f4a762812ed3108f558e351eeaeff0a8aef1e08bb356e1e5c93d7c300833b4",
    "resultHash": "sha256:d48fd388b8865d83be4ac55f2f5a503317783f2078fe5c34d7664a1ab1c4dc8b",
    "rustCodeHash": "sha256:d368cafc7162ed7a6563df5e5c943a57be26fa8aeb3179b530fe3bdd67fe9be4",
    "timezone": "Asia/Qyzylorda"
  },
  "rulesApplied": [
    "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#FourthIndemonstrable"
  ],
  "signature": {
    "constants": {},
    "parameters": [
      {
        "labels": [],
        "name": "i",
        "type": {
          "name": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#Inference"
        }
      },
      {
        "labels": [],
        "name": "p",
        "type": {
          "name": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#Proposition"
        }
      }
    ],
    "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#licensed_conclusion",
    "schemaVersion": "law.answers.signature/0.1",
    "types": {
      "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#Inference": {
        "kind": "entity",
        "labels": [
          {
            "language": "en",
            "status": "translation",
            "text": "submitted inference: major premise, minor premise, and conclusion"
          },
          {
            "language": "ru",
            "status": "official",
            "text": "предъявленный вывод: большая посылка, малая посылка и заключение"
          }
        ],
        "namespace": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia",
        "package": "grc.stoici.indemonstrabilia"
      },
      "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#Proposition": {
        "kind": "entity",
        "labels": [
          {
            "language": "en",
            "status": "translation",
            "text": "proposition: truth-apt content"
          },
          {
            "language": "grc",
            "status": "official",
            "text": "ἀξίωμα"
          },
          {
            "language": "ru",
            "status": "translation",
            "text": "пропозиция: содержание, способное быть истинным или ложным"
          }
        ],
        "namespace": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia",
        "package": "grc.stoici.indemonstrabilia"
      }
    },
    "vocab": {}
  },
  "vulnerableTo": [],
  "whyNot": []
}

Исполнение · JSON

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  "request": {
    "case": {
      "assertions": [
        {
          "contentHash": "sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
          "evidence": [],
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          "kind": "assertion",
          "literal": {
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                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
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          },
          "origin": "case_input",
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          },
          "origin": "case_input",
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      "context": {
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Метаданные отображения

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          "language": "ru",
          "status": "official",
          "text": "предъявленное заключение лицензировано одной из пяти схем либо отвергнуто как не совпавшее ни с одной"
        }
      ],
      "package": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#FourthIndemonstrable",
      "kind": "rule",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "translation",
          "text": "fourth indemonstrable: either the first or the second; the first; therefore not the second"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "official",
          "text": "четвёртая схема: либо первое, либо второе; первое; значит не второе"
        }
      ],
      "package": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia",
      "strength": "strict"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#Inference",
      "kind": "type_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "translation",
          "text": "submitted inference: major premise, minor premise, and conclusion"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "official",
          "text": "предъявленный вывод: большая посылка, малая посылка и заключение"
        }
      ],
      "name": "Inference",
      "package": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#Proposition",
      "kind": "type_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "translation",
          "text": "proposition: truth-apt content"
        },
        {
          "language": "grc",
          "status": "official",
          "text": "ἀξίωμα"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "translation",
          "text": "пропозиция: содержание, способное быть истинным или ложным"
        }
      ],
      "name": "Proposition",
      "package": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_158",
      "kind": "fragment",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "official",
          "text": "Section 158"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "translation",
          "text": "параграф 158"
        }
      ],
      "package": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_162",
      "kind": "fragment",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "official",
          "text": "Section 162"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "translation",
          "text": "параграф 162"
        }
      ],
      "package": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#conclusion_requested",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "translation",
          "text": "the proposition is submitted as the conclusion to be checked"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "official",
          "text": "для пропозиции проверяется, лицензирована ли она как заключение"
        }
      ],
      "name": "conclusion_requested",
      "package": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia",
      "parameters": [
        {
          "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#conclusion_requested/arg/i",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "i",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#Inference"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#conclusion_requested/arg/p",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "p",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#Proposition"
          }
        }
      ],
      "symbolKind": "relation"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#is_exclusive_disjunction",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "translation",
          "text": "the proposition is the exclusive disjunction of first and second"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "official",
          "text": "пропозиция есть исключающая дизъюнкция first и second"
        }
      ],
      "name": "is_exclusive_disjunction",
      "package": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia",
      "parameters": [
        {
          "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#is_exclusive_disjunction/arg/p",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "p",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#Proposition"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#is_exclusive_disjunction/arg/first",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "first",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#Proposition"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#is_exclusive_disjunction/arg/second",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "second",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#Proposition"
          }
        }
      ],
      "symbolKind": "relation"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#licensed_conclusion",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "translation",
          "text": "the submitted premises license the proposition as conclusion"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "official",
          "text": "предъявленные посылки лицензируют пропозицию как заключение"
        }
      ],
      "name": "licensed_conclusion",
      "package": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia",
      "parameters": [
        {
          "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#licensed_conclusion/arg/i",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "i",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#Inference"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#licensed_conclusion/arg/p",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "p",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#Proposition"
          }
        }
      ],
      "symbolKind": "relation"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#major_premise",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "translation",
          "text": "the proposition is the major premise of this inference"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "official",
          "text": "пропозиция предъявлена как большая посылка этого вывода"
        }
      ],
      "name": "major_premise",
      "package": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia",
      "parameters": [
        {
          "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#major_premise/arg/i",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "i",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#Inference"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#major_premise/arg/p",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "p",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#Proposition"
          }
        }
      ],
      "symbolKind": "relation"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#minor_premise",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "translation",
          "text": "the proposition is the minor premise of this inference"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "official",
          "text": "пропозиция предъявлена как малая посылка этого вывода"
        }
      ],
      "name": "minor_premise",
      "package": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia",
      "parameters": [
        {
          "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#minor_premise/arg/i",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "i",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#Inference"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#minor_premise/arg/p",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "p",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#Proposition"
          }
        }
      ],
      "symbolKind": "relation"
    }
  ],
  "tables": []
}

JSON · расчёты, источники и точные данные

{
  "acts": [
    {
      "contributed": true,
      "fragmentCount": 10,
      "fragments": [
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DL_7_81",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_158",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_162"
      ],
      "jurisdiction": "none",
      "namespace": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia",
      "package": "grc-stoic-indemonstrables",
      "title": "Пять стоических индемонстраблей по Диогену Лаэртскому и Сексту Эмпирику — вне юрисдикции государства — доктрина — EXECUTABLE 3 §33.1"
    }
  ],
  "caseHash": "sha256:a7279785f24045bf4c671216664b4193cbb6051a6107568085757d67d9ed1b3e",
  "codeHash": "sha256:9bcca6a33805c1c364ca1bc8e9d39d6a9c51ba44203c0406bafbf397b96be699",
  "jurisdiction": "вне юрисдикции государства",
  "legalTime": "0001-01-01",
  "mode": "audit",
  "programHash": "sha256:e2f4a762812ed3108f558e351eeaeff0a8aef1e08bb356e1e5c93d7c300833b4",
  "resultHash": "sha256:d48fd388b8865d83be4ac55f2f5a503317783f2078fe5c34d7664a1ab1c4dc8b",
  "rustCodeHash": "sha256:d368cafc7162ed7a6563df5e5c943a57be26fa8aeb3179b530fe3bdd67fe9be4",
  "timezone": "Asia/Qyzylorda"
}

evaluation SHA-256: sha256:a96321ab7b83f179fc004095041d90d9ffa2636f2cfd73b826e9b99a991c6ab2

Исходные данные · JSON

{
  "args": [
    "urn:stoic:test:inference",
    "urn:stoic:test:b"
  ],
  "facts": [
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:inference",
        "urn:stoic:test:disjunction"
      ],
      "predicate": "major_premise"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:inference",
        "urn:stoic:test:a"
      ],
      "predicate": "minor_premise"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:inference",
        "urn:stoic:test:b"
      ],
      "predicate": "conclusion_requested"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:disjunction",
        "urn:stoic:test:a",
        "urn:stoic:test:b"
      ],
      "predicate": "is_exclusive_disjunction"
    }
  ],
  "kind": "truth",
  "legalTime": "0001-01-01",
  "package": "grc-stoic-indemonstrables",
  "predicate": "licensed_conclusion",
  "proof": true,
  "selectedInterpretations": [
    "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DiogenesFifthReading"
  ]
}

Утверждение одного члена строгой дизъюнкции опровергает другой: четвёртый способ.

Проверка условия

Пятый по Диогену: либо A, либо B; не B; следовательно A

Дата контекста 01.01.0001

Результат расчёта

Установлено

Исходные параметры

Что определяем

предъявленные посылки лицензируют пропозицию как заключение

inferencea

Исходные факты

пропозиция предъявлена как большая посылка этого вывода
i: inferencep: disjunction
пропозиция предъявлена как малая посылка этого вывода
i: inferencep: not-b
для пропозиции проверяется, лицензирована ли она как заключение
i: inferencep: a
пропозиция есть исключающая дизъюнкция first и second
p: disjunctionfirst: asecond: b
первая пропозиция есть противоречащее отрицание второй
negative: not-bpositive: b

Дополнительные сведения

Сохранить доказательство: Да
selectedInterpretations: DiogenesFifthReading

Исходные данные · JSON

{
  "args": [
    "urn:stoic:test:inference",
    "urn:stoic:test:a"
  ],
  "facts": [
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:inference",
        "urn:stoic:test:disjunction"
      ],
      "predicate": "major_premise"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:inference",
        "urn:stoic:test:not-b"
      ],
      "predicate": "minor_premise"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:inference",
        "urn:stoic:test:a"
      ],
      "predicate": "conclusion_requested"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:disjunction",
        "urn:stoic:test:a",
        "urn:stoic:test:b"
      ],
      "predicate": "is_exclusive_disjunction"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:not-b",
        "urn:stoic:test:b"
      ],
      "predicate": "is_negation_of"
    }
  ],
  "kind": "truth",
  "legalTime": "0001-01-01",
  "package": "grc-stoic-indemonstrables",
  "predicate": "licensed_conclusion",
  "proof": true,
  "selectedInterpretations": [
    "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DiogenesFifthReading"
  ]
}

Почему такой результатПрименённые правила и условия

Путь вывода7 шагов

1
пропозиция предъявлена как большая посылка этого вывода
i: urn:stoic:test:inference; p: urn:stoic:test:disjunction
факт дела
2
пропозиция предъявлена как малая посылка этого вывода
i: urn:stoic:test:inference; p: urn:stoic:test:not-b
факт дела
3
для пропозиции проверяется, лицензирована ли она как заключение
i: urn:stoic:test:inference; p: urn:stoic:test:a
факт дела
4
пропозиция есть исключающая дизъюнкция first и second
p: urn:stoic:test:disjunction; first: urn:stoic:test:a; second: urn:stoic:test:b
факт дела
5
первая пропозиция есть противоречащее отрицание второй
negative: urn:stoic:test:not-b; positive: urn:stoic:test:b
факт дела
6
пятая схема по порядку Диогена: либо первое, либо второе; не второе; значит первое
предъявленные посылки лицензируют пропозицию как заключение: i: urn:stoic:test:inference; p: urn:stoic:test:a
разд. 81
Идентификатор
urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#FifthIndemonstrableDiogenes
правило
7
Вычисление запроса
запрос

проверено движком: 2 · факт дела: 5 · Полный граф: 9 узлов

Основание этого ответа

Правила из сохранённой цепочки доказательства ответа.

Пять стоических индемонстраблей по Диогену Лаэртскому и Сексту Эмпирику — вне юрисдикции государства — доктрина

пятая схема по порядку Диогена: либо первое, либо второе; не второе; значит первое
Идентификатор
urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#FifthIndemonstrableDiogenes

Вывод по запросу

предъявленные посылки лицензируют пропозицию как заключение
i: inferencep: a

Граф связей

предъявленные посылки лицензируют пропозицию как заключение
i	p
inference	a

Что способно поразить вывод3 правил

1
четвёртая схема: либо первое, либо второе; первое; значит не второе
Чего не хватает
- пропозиция есть исключающая дизъюнкция first и seconddisjunction, not-b, aНе установленоименно этого не хватает
- для пропозиции проверяется, лицензирована ли она как заключениеinference, aУстановлено
- пропозиция предъявлена как большая посылка этого выводаinference, disjunctionУстановлено
- пропозиция предъявлена как малая посылка этого выводаinference, not-bУстановлено
Источник: разд. 81, разд. 158, разд. 162
Идентификатор
urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#FourthIndemonstrable
правило
2
вторая схема: если первое, то второе; не второе; значит не первое
Чего не хватает
- пропозиция предъявлена как малая посылка этого выводаinference, not-bУстановлено
- для пропозиции проверяется, лицензирована ли она как заключениеinference, aУстановлено
- первая пропозиция есть противоречащее отрицание второйnot-b, bУстановлено
- пропозиция предъявлена как большая посылка этого выводаinference, disjunctionУстановлено
- пропозиция имеет форму «если antecedent, то consequent»disjunction, a, bНе установленоименно этого не хватает
Источник: разд. 80, разд. 157, разд. 160
Идентификатор
urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SecondIndemonstrable
правило
3
третья схема: не оба; первое; значит не второе
Чего не хватает
- пропозиция предъявлена как малая посылка этого выводаinference, not-bУстановлено
- пропозиция предъявлена как большая посылка этого выводаinference, disjunctionУстановлено
- для пропозиции проверяется, лицензирована ли она как заключениеinference, aУстановлено
- первая пропозиция есть противоречащее отрицание второйdisjunction, v2DEPENDSименно этого не хватает
- пропозиция есть соединение first и secondv2, not-b, aDEPENDSименно этого не хватает
Источник: разд. 80, разд. 158, разд. 161
Идентификатор
urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#ThirdIndemonstrable
правило

Граф доказательств

Граф доказательства · 3 слой

Узлы доказательств: 9 · assertion 5, rule_application 1, constraint_check 1, interpretation_selection 1, query_evaluation 1

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-1

attributes

assertion: fact-1

conclusion

Аргументы

Идентификатор
inference
Тип
entity_ref
Идентификатор
disjunction
Тип
entity_ref

Тип

literal

Знак

positive

Условие

major_premise

evidence

—

Идентификатор

fact-1

Тип

assertion

Посылки

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-2

attributes

assertion: fact-2

conclusion

Аргументы

Идентификатор
inference
Тип
entity_ref
Идентификатор
not-b
Тип
entity_ref

Тип

literal

Знак

positive

Условие

minor_premise

evidence

—

Идентификатор

fact-2

Тип

assertion

Посылки

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-3

attributes

assertion: fact-3

conclusion

Аргументы

Идентификатор
inference
Тип
entity_ref
Идентификатор
a
Тип
entity_ref

Тип

literal

Знак

positive

Условие

conclusion_requested

evidence

—

Идентификатор

fact-3

Тип

assertion

Посылки

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-4

attributes

assertion: fact-4

conclusion

Аргументы

Идентификатор
disjunction
Тип
entity_ref
Идентификатор
a
Тип
entity_ref
Идентификатор
b
Тип
entity_ref

Тип

literal

Знак

positive

Условие

is_exclusive_disjunction

evidence

—

Идентификатор

fact-4

Тип

assertion

Посылки

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-5

attributes

assertion: fact-5

conclusion

Аргументы

Идентификатор
not-b
Тип
entity_ref
Идентификатор
b
Тип
entity_ref

Тип

literal

Знак

positive

Условие

is_negation_of

evidence

—

Идентификатор

fact-5

Тип

assertion

Посылки

—

sourceAnchors

—

rule_application · urn:proof:apply:FifthIndemonstrableDiogenes:41185cd20f9c5c1ebd9a0b3caee8b36df0e93952614d0d963b4148ee14332063

attributes

—

conclusion

Аргументы

Идентификатор
inference
Тип
entity_ref
Идентификатор
a
Тип
entity_ref

Тип

literal

Знак

positive

Условие

licensed_conclusion

evidence

—

Идентификатор

41185cd20f9c5c1ebd9a0b3caee8b36df0e93952614d0d963b4148ee14332063

Тип

rule_application

Посылки

fact-1
fact-2
fact-3
fact-4
fact-5

Правило

FifthIndemonstrableDiogenes

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Идентификатор: inference
Тип: entity_ref

Идентификатор: disjunction
Тип: entity_ref

Идентификатор: a
Тип: entity_ref

Идентификатор: b
Тип: entity_ref

Идентификатор: not-b
Тип: entity_ref

constraint_check · urn:proof:constraint:FiveIndemonstrablesExhaustive:3e9504fe5030e27f4f1d800ce6a21681b2c6057857db295cd7a28e6162465692

attributes

—

conclusion

constraint: FiveIndemonstrablesExhaustive
requirementStatus: Установлено
Статус расчёта: Соблюдено
triggerStatus: Соблюдено

evidence

—

Идентификатор

3e9504fe5030e27f4f1d800ce6a21681b2c6057857db295cd7a28e6162465692

Тип

constraint_check

Посылки

41185cd20f9c5c1ebd9a0b3caee8b36df0e93952614d0d963b4148ee14332063
fact-3

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Идентификатор: inference
Тип: entity_ref

Идентификатор: a
Тип: entity_ref

interpretation_selection · urn:proof:interpretation-selection

attributes

—

conclusion

selected: DiogenesFifthReading

evidence

—

Идентификатор

interpretation-selection

Тип

interpretation_selection

Посылки

—

sourceAnchors

—

query_evaluation · urn:proof:query:mcp

attributes

—

conclusion

literal

Аргументы

Идентификатор
inference
Тип
entity_ref
Идентификатор
a
Тип
entity_ref

Тип

literal

Знак

positive

Условие

licensed_conclusion

truthStatus

Установлено

evidence

—

Идентификатор

mcp

Тип

query_evaluation

Посылки

41185cd20f9c5c1ebd9a0b3caee8b36df0e93952614d0d963b4148ee14332063

sourceAnchors

—

Идентификаторы календаря и доказательства

Ссылка на доказательство: mcp

Исходное обоснование · JSON

{
  "derived": [
    "licensed_conclusion(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:a)"
  ],
  "derivedOmitted": 0,
  "evaluation": {
    "proofGraph": {
      "nodes": [
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:mcp:case#fact-1"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:disjunction",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#major_premise"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-1",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:mcp:case#fact-2"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:not-b",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#minor_premise"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-2",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:mcp:case#fact-3"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:a",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#conclusion_requested"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-3",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:mcp:case#fact-4"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
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                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
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                "id": "urn:stoic:test:a",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:b",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#is_exclusive_disjunction"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-4",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:mcp:case#fact-5"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
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                "id": "urn:stoic:test:not-b",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:b",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#is_negation_of"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-5",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {},
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
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              {
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                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#licensed_conclusion"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:apply:FifthIndemonstrableDiogenes:41185cd20f9c5c1ebd9a0b3caee8b36df0e93952614d0d963b4148ee14332063",
          "kind": "rule_application",
          "premises": [
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            "urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-2",
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-3",
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-4",
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-5"
          ],
          "rule": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#FifthIndemonstrableDiogenes",
          "sourceAnchors": [],
          "substitution": {
            "v0": {
              "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            },
            "v1": {
              "id": "urn:stoic:test:disjunction",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            },
            "v2": {
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              "kind": "entity_ref"
            },
            "v3": {
              "id": "urn:stoic:test:b",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            },
            "v4": {
              "id": "urn:stoic:test:not-b",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "attributes": {},
          "conclusion": {
            "constraint": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#FiveIndemonstrablesExhaustive",
            "requirementStatus": "TRUE_ONLY",
            "status": "SATISFIED",
            "triggerStatus": "SATISFIED"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:constraint:FiveIndemonstrablesExhaustive:3e9504fe5030e27f4f1d800ce6a21681b2c6057857db295cd7a28e6162465692",
          "kind": "constraint_check",
          "premises": [
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            "urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-3"
          ],
          "sourceAnchors": [],
          "substitution": {
            "v0": {
              "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            },
            "v1": {
              "id": "urn:stoic:test:a",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "attributes": {},
          "conclusion": {
            "selected": [
              "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DiogenesFifthReading"
            ]
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:interpretation-selection",
          "kind": "interpretation_selection",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {},
          "conclusion": {
            "literal": {
              "args": [
                {
                  "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
                  "kind": "entity_ref"
                },
                {
                  "id": "urn:stoic:test:a",
                  "kind": "entity_ref"
                }
              ],
              "kind": "literal",
              "polarity": "positive",
              "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#licensed_conclusion"
            },
            "truthStatus": "TRUE_ONLY"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:query:mcp",
          "kind": "query_evaluation",
          "premises": [
            "urn:proof:apply:FifthIndemonstrableDiogenes:41185cd20f9c5c1ebd9a0b3caee8b36df0e93952614d0d963b4148ee14332063"
          ],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        }
      ],
      "proofHash": "sha256:1ad31e2340942150f6525e8ce4b1e1a6e6a1b3e8a9c8341a411b11f7f8c37acd",
      "roots": [
        "urn:proof:constraint:FiveIndemonstrablesExhaustive:3e9504fe5030e27f4f1d800ce6a21681b2c6057857db295cd7a28e6162465692",
        "urn:proof:query:mcp"
      ]
    },
    "resultHash": "sha256:f3448ccabb1c1c5b3461a17b1d7cd0efcaaa71fadd85f521a27c97fd8bf95d3f",
    "schemaVersion": "law.core.evaluation/0.2"
  },
  "proofRef": "urn:proof:query:mcp",
  "rulesApplied": [
    "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#FifthIndemonstrableDiogenes"
  ],
  "vulnerableTo": [
    {
      "anchors": [
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DL_7_81",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_158",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_162"
      ],
      "label": "fourth indemonstrable: either the first or the second; the first; therefore not the second",
      "missing": [
        "is_exclusive_disjunction(urn:stoic:test:disjunction, urn:stoic:test:not-b, urn:stoic:test:a)"
      ],
      "premises": [
        {
          "premise": "is_exclusive_disjunction(urn:stoic:test:disjunction, urn:stoic:test:not-b, urn:stoic:test:a)",
          "status": "NEITHER"
        },
        {
          "premise": "conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:a)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:disjunction)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:not-b)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        }
      ],
      "rule": "FourthIndemonstrable"
    },
    {
      "anchors": [
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DL_7_80",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_157",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_160"
      ],
      "label": "second indemonstrable: if the first then the second; not the second; therefore not the first",
      "missing": [
        "is_conditional(urn:stoic:test:disjunction, urn:stoic:test:a, urn:stoic:test:b)"
      ],
      "premises": [
        {
          "premise": "minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:not-b)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:a)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "is_negation_of(urn:stoic:test:not-b, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:disjunction)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "is_conditional(urn:stoic:test:disjunction, urn:stoic:test:a, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "NEITHER"
        }
      ],
      "rule": "SecondIndemonstrable"
    },
    {
      "anchors": [
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DL_7_80",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_158",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_161"
      ],
      "label": "third indemonstrable: not both; the first; therefore not the second",
      "missing": [
        "is_negation_of(urn:stoic:test:disjunction, v2)",
        "is_conjunction(v2, urn:stoic:test:not-b, urn:stoic:test:a)"
      ],
      "premises": [
        {
          "premise": "minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:not-b)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:disjunction)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:a)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "note": "зависит от несвязанной переменной",
          "premise": "is_negation_of(urn:stoic:test:disjunction, v2)",
          "status": "DEPENDS"
        },
        {
          "note": "зависит от несвязанной переменной",
          "premise": "is_conjunction(v2, urn:stoic:test:not-b, urn:stoic:test:a)",
          "status": "DEPENDS"
        }
      ],
      "rule": "ThirdIndemonstrable"
    }
  ]
}

ИсточникиФрагментов: 7

section/80

The first kind of indemonstrable statement is that in which the whole argument is constructed of a hypothetical proposition and the clause with which the hypothetical proposition begins, while the final clause is the conclusion; as e.g. If the first, then the second; but the first is, therefore the second is. The second is that which employs a hypothetical proposition and the contradictory of the consequent, while the conclusion is the contradictory of the antecedent; e.g. If it is day, it is light; but it is night, therefore it is not day. Here the minor premiss is the contradictory of the consequent; the conclusion the contradictory of the antecedent. The third kind of indemonstrable employs a conjunction of negative propositions for major premiss and one of the conjoined propositions for minor premiss, concluding thence the contradictory of the remaining proposition; e.g. It is not the case that Plato is both dead and alive; but he is dead, therefore Plato is not alive.

Исходные данные · JSON

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  "contentHash": "sha256:9983edf22aaebb3cb637437eb139db44abd8ee8d39eff23b648c11ff1ae8517c",
  "edition": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DIOGENES_HICKS_1925",
  "fragmentKind": "section",
  "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DL_7_80",
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    {
      "language": "en",
      "status": "official",
      "text": "Section 80"
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    {
      "language": "ru",
      "status": "translation",
      "text": "параграф 80"
    }
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      "language": "en",
      "status": "official",
      "text": "The first kind of indemonstrable statement is that in which the whole argument is constructed of a hypothetical proposition and the clause with which the hypothetical proposition begins, while the final clause is the conclusion; as e.g. If the first, then the second; but the first is, therefore the second is. The second is that which employs a hypothetical proposition and the contradictory of the consequent, while the conclusion is the contradictory of the antecedent; e.g. If it is day, it is light; but it is night, therefore it is not day. Here the minor premiss is the contradictory of the consequent; the conclusion the contradictory of the antecedent. The third kind of indemonstrable employs a conjunction of negative propositions for major premiss and one of the conjoined propositions for minor premiss, concluding thence the contradictory of the remaining proposition; e.g. It is not the case that Plato is both dead and alive; but he is dead, therefore Plato is not alive."
    }
  ]
}

section/81

The fourth kind employs a disjunctive proposition and one of the two alternatives in the disjunction as premisses, and its conclusion is the contradictory of the other alternative; e.g. Either A or B; but A is, therefore B is not. The fifth kind is that in which the argument as a whole is constructed of a disjunctive proposition and the contradictory of one of the alternatives in the disjunction, its conclusion being the other alternative; e.g. Either it is day or it is night; but it is not night, therefore it is day. From a truth a truth follows, according to the Stoics, as e.g. It is light from It is day; and from a falsehood a falsehood, as It is dark from It is night, if this latter be untrue. Also a truth may follow from a falsehood; e.g. from The earth flies will follow The earth exists; whereas from a truth no falsehood will follow, for from the existence of the earth it does not follow that the earth flies aloft.

Исходные данные · JSON

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  "contentHash": "sha256:3d16e36b0b5aa88f59df14fd26d52897ccd1ce4eb07a607ca1ebed3cc840d33f",
  "edition": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DIOGENES_HICKS_1925",
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      "text": "параграф 81"
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      "language": "en",
      "status": "official",
      "text": "The fourth kind employs a disjunctive proposition and one of the two alternatives in the disjunction as premisses, and its conclusion is the contradictory of the other alternative; e.g. Either A or B; but A is, therefore B is not. The fifth kind is that in which the argument as a whole is constructed of a disjunctive proposition and the contradictory of one of the alternatives in the disjunction, its conclusion being the other alternative; e.g. Either it is day or it is night; but it is not night, therefore it is day. From a truth a truth follows, according to the Stoics, as e.g. It is light from It is day; and from a falsehood a falsehood, as It is dark from It is night, if this latter be untrue. Also a truth may follow from a falsehood; e.g. from The earth flies will follow The earth exists; whereas from a truth no falsehood will follow, for from the existence of the earth it does not follow that the earth flies aloft."
    }
  ]
}

section/157

Now there are, in their imaginings, many non-demonstrable arguments, but the five which they chiefly propound, and to which all the rest can, it seems, be referred, are these. The first is that which deduces the consequent from the major premiss and the antecedent, as for example ‟If it is day, it is light; but in fact it is day; therefore it is light.” The second is that which deduces the opposite of the antecedent from the major premiss and the opposite of the consequent, as for example ‟If it is day, it is light; but it is not light; therefore it is not day.”

Исходные данные · JSON

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  "contentHash": "sha256:646f89a238207d1e78cf9eff6b550ba966166073c845c7414522cd200fa3375b",
  "edition": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SEXTUS_BURY_1933",
  "fragmentKind": "section",
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      "status": "official",
      "text": "Section 157"
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    {
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      "status": "translation",
      "text": "параграф 157"
    }
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  "locator": "section/157",
  "package": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia",
  "texts": [
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      "language": "en",
      "status": "official",
      "text": "Now there are, in their imaginings, many non-demonstrable arguments, but the five which they chiefly propound, and to which all the rest can, it seems, be referred, are these. The first is that which deduces the consequent from the major premiss and the antecedent, as for example ‟If it is day, it is light; but in fact it is day; therefore it is light.” The second is that which deduces the opposite of the antecedent from the major premiss and the opposite of the consequent, as for example ‟If it is day, it is light; but it is not light; therefore it is not day.”"
    }
  ]
}

section/158

The third deduces from the negation of a coupled premiss and the affirmation of one of its clauses the opposite of the other clause, as for example ‟It is not both night and day; but it is day; therefore it is not night.” The fourth deduces from a disjunctive premiss and one of its alternative clauses the opposite of the other, as for example ‟Either it is day or it is night; but it is day; therefore it is not night.” The fifth deduces from a disjunctive premiss and the opposite of one of its clauses the other clause, as for example ‟Either it is day or it is night; but it is not night; therefore it is day.”

Исходные данные · JSON

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      "status": "official",
      "text": "Section 158"
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      "status": "translation",
      "text": "параграф 158"
    }
  ],
  "locator": "section/158",
  "package": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia",
  "texts": [
    {
      "contentHash": "sha256:a113b8f43db27914202dd7a426d88897b22bec6aeadd78f5fe13e9fb356262fe",
      "language": "en",
      "status": "official",
      "text": "The third deduces from the negation of a coupled premiss and the affirmation of one of its clauses the opposite of the other clause, as for example ‟It is not both night and day; but it is day; therefore it is not night.” The fourth deduces from a disjunctive premiss and one of its alternative clauses the opposite of the other, as for example ‟Either it is day or it is night; but it is day; therefore it is not night.” The fifth deduces from a disjunctive premiss and the opposite of one of its clauses the other clause, as for example ‟Either it is day or it is night; but it is not night; therefore it is day.”"
    }
  ]
}

section/160

And in the case of the second non-demonstrable argument we make a similar objection. For it is either possible or impossible for the antecedent to be true when the consequent is not true. But if this is possible, the major premiss will not be valid; while if it is impossible, at the moment of positing ‟Not the consequent” we posit also ‟Not the antecedent,” and the major premiss is redundant once again, the argument propounded being ‟It is not light, therefore it is not day.”

Исходные данные · JSON

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      "status": "official",
      "text": "And in the case of the second non-demonstrable argument we make a similar objection. For it is either possible or impossible for the antecedent to be true when the consequent is not true. But if this is possible, the major premiss will not be valid; while if it is impossible, at the moment of positing ‟Not the consequent” we posit also ‟Not the antecedent,” and the major premiss is redundant once again, the argument propounded being ‟It is not light, therefore it is not day.”"
    }
  ]
}

section/161

The same reasoning applies also to the third non-demonstrable argument. For either it is pre-evident that it is impossible for the clauses in the coupled premiss mutually to co-exist, or else it is non-evident. And if it is non-evident we shall not grant the negative of the coupled premiss; but if it is pre-evident, at the moment of positing the one clause the other is annulled, and the negative of the coupled premiss is redundant when we propound the argument in the form ‟It is day, therefore it is not night.”

Исходные данные · JSON

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      "language": "en",
      "status": "official",
      "text": "The same reasoning applies also to the third non-demonstrable argument. For either it is pre-evident that it is impossible for the clauses in the coupled premiss mutually to co-exist, or else it is non-evident. And if it is non-evident we shall not grant the negative of the coupled premiss; but if it is pre-evident, at the moment of positing the one clause the other is annulled, and the negative of the coupled premiss is redundant when we propound the argument in the form ‟It is day, therefore it is not night.”"
    }
  ]
}

section/162

And we deal in like manner with the fourth non-demonstrable argument and the fifth. For either it is pre-evident or it is non-evident that in the disjunctive premiss one clause is true, the other false, in complete contradiction, as the disjunctive proclaims. And if this is non-evident, we shall not grant the disjunctive; but if it is pre-evident, if one of its clauses be affirmed it is apparent that the other is not true, and if one is negated it is pre-evident that the other is true, so that it is sufficient to frame the argument thus—‟It is day, therefore it is not night,” or ‟It is not day, therefore it is night;” and the disjunctive premiss is redundant.

Исходные данные · JSON

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  "contentHash": "sha256:a8c3cee18f532dc346cde57a419dba10cdc32ee93cd5063f32597ed2bb882b1d",
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      "language": "en",
      "status": "official",
      "text": "And we deal in like manner with the fourth non-demonstrable argument and the fifth. For either it is pre-evident or it is non-evident that in the disjunctive premiss one clause is true, the other false, in complete contradiction, as the disjunctive proclaims. And if this is non-evident, we shall not grant the disjunctive; but if it is pre-evident, if one of its clauses be affirmed it is apparent that the other is not true, and if one is negated it is pre-evident that the other is true, so that it is sufficient to frame the argument thus—‟It is day, therefore it is not night,” or ‟It is not day, therefore it is night;” and the disjunctive premiss is redundant."
    }
  ]
}

Пакеты в снимке

Пять стоических индемонстраблей по Диогену Лаэртскому и Сексту Эмпирику — вне юрисдикции государства — доктрина — EXECUTABLE 3 §33.1

Технические данныеПолный ответ, параметры и контрольные суммы

Статус расчёта: COMPUTED

Полный ответ движка

licensed_conclusion: TRUE_ONLY — установлено Выведено правом: licensed_conclusion(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:a) Применены правила: FifthIndemonstrableDiogenes Ответ поражаем правилом «fourth indemonstrable: either the first or the second; the first; therefore not the second» — оно отменило бы вывод, будь установлено: is_exclusive_disjunction(urn:stoic:test:disjunction, urn:stoic:test:not-b, urn:stoic:test:a) Ответ поражаем правилом «second indemonstrable: if the first then the second; not the second; therefore not the first» — оно отменило бы вывод, будь установлено: is_conditional(urn:stoic:test:disjunction, urn:stoic:test:a, urn:stoic:test:b) Ответ поражаем правилом «third indemonstrable: not both; the first; therefore not the second» — оно отменило бы вывод, будь установлено: is_negation_of(urn:stoic:test:disjunction, v2); is_conjunction(v2, urn:stoic:test:not-b, urn:stoic:test:a) (поражающее правило не сработало из-за неустановленных фактов — подайте их в facts, если они есть в деле) Право (вне юрисдикции государства): Пять стоических индемонстраблей по Диогену Лаэртскому и Сексту Эмпирику — доктрина — EXECUTABLE 3 §33.1 (programHash sha256:e2f4a762812e…) proof-граф: 9 узлов — поле evaluation готово для law_explain

Полный машинный результат · JSON

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        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_161"
      ],
      "label": "third indemonstrable: not both; the first; therefore not the second",
      "missing": [
        "is_negation_of(urn:stoic:test:disjunction, v2)",
        "is_conjunction(v2, urn:stoic:test:not-b, urn:stoic:test:a)"
      ],
      "premises": [
        {
          "premise": "minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:not-b)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:disjunction)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:a)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "note": "зависит от несвязанной переменной",
          "premise": "is_negation_of(urn:stoic:test:disjunction, v2)",
          "status": "DEPENDS"
        },
        {
          "note": "зависит от несвязанной переменной",
          "premise": "is_conjunction(v2, urn:stoic:test:not-b, urn:stoic:test:a)",
          "status": "DEPENDS"
        }
      ],
      "rule": "ThirdIndemonstrable"
    }
  ],
  "whyNot": []
}

Исполнение · JSON

{
  "evaluationBytes": "{\"conflicts\":[],\"issues\":[],\"manifest\":{\"artifactHash\":\"sha256:b418b3116ecb48441412cb51484854ec4e1694f79e57b5479592cb1ab6a60e74\",\"calendarSnapshot\":\"\",\"caseHash\":\"sha256:b78f5723050efd6b4da3ac9886a49f53492a8709aebbf7df941e276c0f15ab31\",\"decisionTime\":\"0001-01-01T12:00:00+05:00\",\"evidenceSnapshotHash\":\"sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\",\"externalSnapshots\":{},\"id\":\"urn:manifest:oracle-1\",\"interpretations\":[\"urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DiogenesFifthReading\"],\"knowledgeTime\":\"0001-01-01T12:00:00+05:00\",\"legalTime\":\"0001-01-01\",\"lockfileHash\":\"sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\",\"mode\":\"audit\",\"policies\":{},\"programHash\":\"sha256:e2f4a762812ed3108f558e351eeaeff0a8aef1e08bb356e1e5c93d7c300833b4\",\"resolvedEditions\":{},\"semanticHash\":\"sha256:efa750942bbc0259cc88165f59b0330b611579e26df1f6ecbaefae0e0c66e2a4\",\"semantics\":\"law.core/0.2\",\"theoryHash\":\"sha256:e2f4a762812ed3108f558e351eeaeff0a8aef1e08bb356e1e5c93d7c300833b4\",\"timezone\":\"Asia/Qyzylorda\"},\"positions\":[],\"proofGraph\":{\"nodes\":[{\"attributes\":{\"assertion\":\"urn:mcp:case#fact-1\"},\"conclusion\":{\"args\":[{\"id\":\"urn:stoic:test:inference\",\"kind\":\"entity_ref\"},{\"id\":\"urn:stoic:test:disjunction\",\"kind\":\"entity_ref\"}],\"kind\":\"literal\",\"polarity\":\"positive\",\"predicate\":\"urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#major_premise\"},\"evidence\":[],\"id\":\"urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-1\",\"kind\":\"assertion\",\"premises\":[],\"sourceAnchors\":[]},{\"attributes\":{\"assertion\":\"urn:mcp:case#fact-2\"},\"conclusion\":{\"args\":[{\"id\":\"urn:stoic:test:inference\",\"kind\":\"entity_ref\"},{\"id\":\"urn:stoic:test:not-b\",\"kind\":\"entity_ref\"}],\"kind\":\"literal\",\"polarity\":\"positive\",\"predicate\":\"urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#minor_premise\"},\"evidence\":[],\"id\":\"urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-2\",\"kind\":\"assertion\",\"premises\":[],\"sourceAnchors\":[]},{\"attributes\":{\"assertion\":\"urn:mcp:case#fact-3\"},\"conclusion\":{\"args\":[{\"id\":\"urn:stoic:test:inference\",\"kind\":\"entity_ref\"},{\"id\":\"urn:stoic:test:a\",\"kind\":\"entity_ref\"}],\"kind\":\"literal\",\"polarity\":\"positive\",\"predicate\":\"urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#conclusion_requested\"},\"evidence\":[],\"id\":\"urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-3\",\"kind\":\"assertion\",\"premises\":[],\"sourceAnchors\":[]},{\"attributes\":{\"assertion\":\"urn:mcp:case#fact-4\"},\"conclusion\":{\"args\":[{\"id\":\"urn:stoic:test:disjunction\",\"kind\":\"entity_ref\"},{\"id\":\"urn:stoic:test:a\",\"kind\":\"entity_ref\"},{\"id\":\"urn:stoic:test:b\",\"kind\":\"entity_ref\"}],\"kind\":\"literal\",\"polarity\":\"positive\",\"predicate\":\"urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#is_exclusive_disjunction\"},\"evidence\":[],\"id\":\"urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-4\",\"kind\":\"assertion\",\"premises\":[],\"sourceAnchors\":[]},{\"attributes\":{\"assertion\":\"urn:mcp:case#fact-5\"},\"conclusion\":{\"args\":[{\"id\":\"urn:stoic:test:not-b\",\"kind\":\"entity_ref\"},{\"id\":\"urn:stoic:test:b\",\"kind\":\"entity_ref\"}],\"kind\":\"literal\",\"polarity\":\"positive\",\"predicate\":\"urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#is_negation_of\"},\"evidence\":[],\"id\":\"urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-5\",\"kind\":\"assertion\",\"premises\":[],\"sourceAnchors\":[]},{\"attributes\":{},\"conclusion\":{\"args\":[{\"id\":\"urn:stoic:test:inference\",\"kind\":\"entity_ref\"},{\"id\":\"urn:stoic:test:a\",\"kind\":\"entity_ref\"}],\"kind\":\"literal\",\"polarity\":\"positive\",\"predicate\":\"urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#licensed_conclusion\"},\"evidence\":[],\"id\":\"urn:proof:apply:FifthIndemonstrableDiogenes:41185cd20f9c5c1ebd9a0b3caee8b36df0e93952614d0d963b4148ee14332063\",\"kind\":\"rule_application\",\"premises\":[\"urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-1\",\"urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-2\",\"urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-3\",\"urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-4\",\"urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-5\"],\"rule\":\"urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#FifthIndemonstrableDiogenes\",\"sourceAnchors\":[],\"substitution\":{\"v0\":{\"id\":\"urn:stoic:test:inference\",\"kind\":\"entity_ref\"},\"v1\":{\"id\":\"urn:stoic:test:disjunction\",\"kind\":\"entity_ref\"},\"v2\":{\"id\":\"urn:stoic:test:a\",\"kind\":\"entity_ref\"},\"v3\":{\"id\":\"urn:stoic:test:b\",\"kind\":\"entity_ref\"},\"v4\":{\"id\":\"urn:stoic:test:not-b\",\"kind\":\"entity_ref\"}}},{\"attributes\":{},\"conclusion\":{\"constraint\":\"urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#FiveIndemonstrablesExhaustive\",\"requirementStatus\":\"TRUE_ONLY\",\"status\":\"SATISFIED\",\"triggerStatus\":\"SATISFIED\"},\"evidence\":[],\"id\":\"urn:proof:constraint:FiveIndemonstrablesExhaustive:3e9504fe5030e27f4f1d800ce6a21681b2c6057857db295cd7a28e6162465692\",\"kind\":\"constraint_check\",\"premises\":[\"urn:proof:apply:FifthIndemonstrableDiogenes:41185cd20f9c5c1ebd9a0b3caee8b36df0e93952614d0d963b4148ee14332063\",\"urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-3\"],\"sourceAnchors\":[],\"substitution\":{\"v0\":{\"id\":\"urn:stoic:test:inference\",\"kind\":\"entity_ref\"},\"v1\":{\"id\":\"urn:stoic:test:a\",\"kind\":\"entity_ref\"}}},{\"attributes\":{},\"conclusion\":{\"selected\":[\"urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DiogenesFifthReading\"]},\"evidence\":[],\"id\":\"urn:proof:interpretation-selection\",\"kind\":\"interpretation_selection\",\"premises\":[],\"sourceAnchors\":[]},{\"attributes\":{},\"conclusion\":{\"literal\":{\"args\":[{\"id\":\"urn:stoic:test:inference\",\"kind\":\"entity_ref\"},{\"id\":\"urn:stoic:test:a\",\"kind\":\"entity_ref\"}],\"kind\":\"literal\",\"polarity\":\"positive\",\"predicate\":\"urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#licensed_conclusion\"},\"truthStatus\":\"TRUE_ONLY\"},\"evidence\":[],\"id\":\"urn:proof:query:mcp\",\"kind\":\"query_evaluation\",\"premises\":[\"urn:proof:apply:FifthIndemonstrableDiogenes:41185cd20f9c5c1ebd9a0b3caee8b36df0e93952614d0d963b4148ee14332063\"],\"sourceAnchors\":[]}],\"proofHash\":\"sha256:1ad31e2340942150f6525e8ce4b1e1a6e6a1b3e8a9c8341a411b11f7f8c37acd\",\"roots\":[\"urn:proof:constraint:FiveIndemonstrablesExhaustive:3e9504fe5030e27f4f1d800ce6a21681b2c6057857db295cd7a28e6162465692\",\"urn:proof:query:mcp\"]},\"resultHash\":\"sha256:f3448ccabb1c1c5b3461a17b1d7cd0efcaaa71fadd85f521a27c97fd8bf95d3f\",\"results\":[{\"conflicts\":[],\"evaluationStatus\":\"COMPUTED\",\"evidence\":[],\"id\":\"urn:result:mcp\",\"judgmentRequests\":[],\"manifest\":\"urn:manifest:oracle-1\",\"missingInputs\":[],\"normativeStatusSupports\":[],\"proof\":\"urn:proof:query:mcp\",\"query\":\"urn:query:mcp\",\"resultKind\":\"PROPOSITION\",\"sourceAnchors\":[],\"target\":\"urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#licensed_conclusion\",\"truthStatus\":\"TRUE_ONLY\"},{\"applicabilityStatus\":\"APPLICABLE\",\"conflicts\":[],\"evaluationStatus\":\"COMPUTED\",\"evidence\":[],\"id\":\"urn:result:constraint:FiveIndemonstrablesExhaustive:d89dc6b91ceef56f\",\"judgmentRequests\":[],\"manifest\":\"urn:manifest:oracle-1\",\"missingInputs\":[],\"normativeStatus\":\"SATISFIED\",\"normativeStatusSupports\":[],\"proof\":\"urn:proof:constraint:FiveIndemonstrablesExhaustive:3e9504fe5030e27f4f1d800ce6a21681b2c6057857db295cd7a28e6162465692\",\"query\":\"urn:query:mcp\",\"resultKind\":\"CONSTRAINT\",\"sourceAnchors\":[],\"target\":\"urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#FiveIndemonstrablesExhaustive\",\"triggerStatus\":\"SATISFIED\",\"truthStatus\":\"TRUE_ONLY\"}],\"schemaVersion\":\"law.core.evaluation/0.2\"}",
  "evaluationSha256": "sha256:ff0aa69a3c80a47b57c389ba20e631525e68920610b018ef4b33850c5644b242",
  "request": {
    "case": {
      "assertions": [
        {
          "contentHash": "sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:mcp:case#fact-1",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "literal": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:disjunction",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#major_premise"
          },
          "origin": "case_input",
          "package": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia"
        },
        {
          "contentHash": "sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:mcp:case#fact-2",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "literal": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:not-b",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#minor_premise"
          },
          "origin": "case_input",
          "package": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia"
        },
        {
          "contentHash": "sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:mcp:case#fact-3",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "literal": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:a",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#conclusion_requested"
          },
          "origin": "case_input",
          "package": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia"
        },
        {
          "contentHash": "sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:mcp:case#fact-4",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "literal": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:disjunction",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:a",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:b",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#is_exclusive_disjunction"
          },
          "origin": "case_input",
          "package": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia"
        },
        {
          "contentHash": "sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:mcp:case#fact-5",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "literal": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:not-b",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:b",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#is_negation_of"
          },
          "origin": "case_input",
          "package": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia"
        }
      ],
      "context": {
        "decisionTime": "0001-01-01T12:00:00+05:00",
        "knowledgeTime": "0001-01-01T12:00:00+05:00",
        "legalTime": "0001-01-01",
        "timezone": "Asia/Qyzylorda"
      },
      "options": {
        "selectedInterpretations": [
          "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DiogenesFifthReading"
        ]
      }
    },
    "ir": {
      "irSha256": "sha256:fe74cc4cf1cf095d9cbe414d6980569afdb8644cd13f23c0b1cf46a32f6e4176",
      "kind": "world_ref",
      "nodeCount": 36,
      "packages": [
        {
          "artifactHash": "sha256:b418b3116ecb48441412cb51484854ec4e1694f79e57b5479592cb1ab6a60e74",
          "namespace": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia",
          "package": "grc-stoic-indemonstrables",
          "semanticHash": "sha256:af1c08b281761cca9feb1539e6f9a3cd3e994853be9ee36a1909ab2350f8c7b2"
        }
      ],
      "programHash": "sha256:e2f4a762812ed3108f558e351eeaeff0a8aef1e08bb356e1e5c93d7c300833b4"
    },
    "query": {
      "kind": "truth",
      "literal": {
        "args": [
          {
            "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
            "kind": "entity_ref"
          },
          {
            "id": "urn:stoic:test:a",
            "kind": "entity_ref"
          }
        ],
        "kind": "literal",
        "polarity": "positive",
        "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#licensed_conclusion"
      },
      "queryId": "urn:query:mcp"
    },
    "schemaVersion": "law.core.evaluation-request/0.2",
    "semanticVersion": "0.2"
  },
  "requestCanonicalSha256": "sha256:073ff22f063afa2e5663367562dfd529cba138b9120f10310460b041a6cc43c0"
}

Метаданные отображения

Блок слишком большой для встроенного просмотра. Он целиком включён в JSON документа — без сокращений.

Скачать JSON ↓

JSON · расчёты, источники и точные данные

{
  "acts": [
    {
      "contributed": true,
      "fragmentCount": 10,
      "fragments": [
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DL_7_81"
      ],
      "jurisdiction": "none",
      "namespace": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia",
      "package": "grc-stoic-indemonstrables",
      "title": "Пять стоических индемонстраблей по Диогену Лаэртскому и Сексту Эмпирику — вне юрисдикции государства — доктрина — EXECUTABLE 3 §33.1"
    }
  ],
  "caseHash": "sha256:b78f5723050efd6b4da3ac9886a49f53492a8709aebbf7df941e276c0f15ab31",
  "codeHash": "sha256:9bcca6a33805c1c364ca1bc8e9d39d6a9c51ba44203c0406bafbf397b96be699",
  "jurisdiction": "вне юрисдикции государства",
  "legalTime": "0001-01-01",
  "mode": "audit",
  "programHash": "sha256:e2f4a762812ed3108f558e351eeaeff0a8aef1e08bb356e1e5c93d7c300833b4",
  "resultHash": "sha256:f3448ccabb1c1c5b3461a17b1d7cd0efcaaa71fadd85f521a27c97fd8bf95d3f",
  "rustCodeHash": "sha256:d368cafc7162ed7a6563df5e5c943a57be26fa8aeb3179b530fe3bdd67fe9be4",
  "timezone": "Asia/Qyzylorda"
}

evaluation SHA-256: sha256:ff0aa69a3c80a47b57c389ba20e631525e68920610b018ef4b33850c5644b242

Исходные данные · JSON

{
  "args": [
    "urn:stoic:test:inference",
    "urn:stoic:test:a"
  ],
  "facts": [
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:inference",
        "urn:stoic:test:disjunction"
      ],
      "predicate": "major_premise"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:inference",
        "urn:stoic:test:not-b"
      ],
      "predicate": "minor_premise"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:inference",
        "urn:stoic:test:a"
      ],
      "predicate": "conclusion_requested"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:disjunction",
        "urn:stoic:test:a",
        "urn:stoic:test:b"
      ],
      "predicate": "is_exclusive_disjunction"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:not-b",
        "urn:stoic:test:b"
      ],
      "predicate": "is_negation_of"
    }
  ],
  "kind": "truth",
  "legalTime": "0001-01-01",
  "package": "grc-stoic-indemonstrables",
  "predicate": "licensed_conclusion",
  "proof": true,
  "selectedInterpretations": [
    "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DiogenesFifthReading"
  ]
}

Под прочтением Диогена Лаэртского отрицание второго члена дозволяет первый.

Проверка условия

Пятый по Сексту: либо A, либо B; не A; следовательно B

Дата контекста 01.01.0001

Результат расчёта

Установлено

Исходные параметры

Что определяем

предъявленные посылки лицензируют пропозицию как заключение

inferenceb

Исходные факты

пропозиция предъявлена как большая посылка этого вывода
i: inferencep: disjunction
пропозиция предъявлена как малая посылка этого вывода
i: inferencep: not-a
для пропозиции проверяется, лицензирована ли она как заключение
i: inferencep: b
пропозиция есть исключающая дизъюнкция first и second
p: disjunctionfirst: asecond: b
первая пропозиция есть противоречащее отрицание второй
negative: not-apositive: a

Дополнительные сведения

Сохранить доказательство: Да
selectedInterpretations: SextusFifthReading

Исходные данные · JSON

{
  "args": [
    "urn:stoic:test:inference",
    "urn:stoic:test:b"
  ],
  "facts": [
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:inference",
        "urn:stoic:test:disjunction"
      ],
      "predicate": "major_premise"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:inference",
        "urn:stoic:test:not-a"
      ],
      "predicate": "minor_premise"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:inference",
        "urn:stoic:test:b"
      ],
      "predicate": "conclusion_requested"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:disjunction",
        "urn:stoic:test:a",
        "urn:stoic:test:b"
      ],
      "predicate": "is_exclusive_disjunction"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:not-a",
        "urn:stoic:test:a"
      ],
      "predicate": "is_negation_of"
    }
  ],
  "kind": "truth",
  "legalTime": "0001-01-01",
  "package": "grc-stoic-indemonstrables",
  "predicate": "licensed_conclusion",
  "proof": true,
  "selectedInterpretations": [
    "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SextusFifthReading"
  ]
}

Почему такой результатПрименённые правила и условия

Путь вывода7 шагов

1
пропозиция предъявлена как большая посылка этого вывода
i: urn:stoic:test:inference; p: urn:stoic:test:disjunction
факт дела
2
пропозиция предъявлена как малая посылка этого вывода
i: urn:stoic:test:inference; p: urn:stoic:test:not-a
факт дела
3
для пропозиции проверяется, лицензирована ли она как заключение
i: urn:stoic:test:inference; p: urn:stoic:test:b
факт дела
4
пропозиция есть исключающая дизъюнкция first и second
p: urn:stoic:test:disjunction; first: urn:stoic:test:a; second: urn:stoic:test:b
факт дела
5
первая пропозиция есть противоречащее отрицание второй
negative: urn:stoic:test:not-a; positive: urn:stoic:test:a
факт дела
6
пятая схема по порядку Секста: либо первое, либо второе; не первое; значит второе
предъявленные посылки лицензируют пропозицию как заключение: i: urn:stoic:test:inference; p: urn:stoic:test:b
разд. 158, разд. 162
Идентификатор
urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#FifthIndemonstrableSextus
правило
7
Вычисление запроса
запрос

проверено движком: 2 · факт дела: 5 · Полный граф: 9 узлов

Основание этого ответа

Правила из сохранённой цепочки доказательства ответа.

Пять стоических индемонстраблей по Диогену Лаэртскому и Сексту Эмпирику — вне юрисдикции государства — доктрина

пятая схема по порядку Секста: либо первое, либо второе; не первое; значит второе
Идентификатор
urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#FifthIndemonstrableSextus

Вывод по запросу

предъявленные посылки лицензируют пропозицию как заключение
i: inferencep: b

Граф связей

предъявленные посылки лицензируют пропозицию как заключение
i	p
inference	b

Что способно поразить вывод3 правил

1
четвёртая схема: либо первое, либо второе; первое; значит не второе
Чего не хватает
- пропозиция есть исключающая дизъюнкция first и seconddisjunction, a, bУстановлено
- для пропозиции проверяется, лицензирована ли она как заключениеinference, bУстановлено
- пропозиция предъявлена как большая посылка этого выводаinference, disjunctionУстановлено
- пропозиция предъявлена как малая посылка этого выводаinference, aНе установленоименно этого не хватает
Источник: разд. 81, разд. 158, разд. 162
Идентификатор
urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#FourthIndemonstrable
правило
2
вторая схема: если первое, то второе; не второе; значит не первое
Чего не хватает
- пропозиция предъявлена как малая посылка этого выводаinference, not-aУстановлено
- для пропозиции проверяется, лицензирована ли она как заключениеinference, bУстановлено
- первая пропозиция есть противоречащее отрицание второйnot-a, aУстановлено
- пропозиция предъявлена как большая посылка этого выводаinference, disjunctionУстановлено
- пропозиция имеет форму «если antecedent, то consequent»disjunction, b, aНе установленоименно этого не хватает
Источник: разд. 80, разд. 157, разд. 160
Идентификатор
urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SecondIndemonstrable
правило
3
третья схема: не оба; первое; значит не второе
Чего не хватает
- пропозиция предъявлена как малая посылка этого выводаinference, not-aУстановлено
- пропозиция предъявлена как большая посылка этого выводаinference, disjunctionУстановлено
- для пропозиции проверяется, лицензирована ли она как заключениеinference, bУстановлено
- первая пропозиция есть противоречащее отрицание второйdisjunction, v2DEPENDSименно этого не хватает
- пропозиция есть соединение first и secondv2, not-a, bDEPENDSименно этого не хватает
Источник: разд. 80, разд. 158, разд. 161
Идентификатор
urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#ThirdIndemonstrable
правило

Граф доказательств

Граф доказательства · 3 слой

Узлы доказательств: 9 · assertion 5, rule_application 1, constraint_check 1, interpretation_selection 1, query_evaluation 1

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-1

attributes

assertion: fact-1

conclusion

Аргументы

Идентификатор
inference
Тип
entity_ref
Идентификатор
disjunction
Тип
entity_ref

Тип

literal

Знак

positive

Условие

major_premise

evidence

—

Идентификатор

fact-1

Тип

assertion

Посылки

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-2

attributes

assertion: fact-2

conclusion

Аргументы

Идентификатор
inference
Тип
entity_ref
Идентификатор
not-a
Тип
entity_ref

Тип

literal

Знак

positive

Условие

minor_premise

evidence

—

Идентификатор

fact-2

Тип

assertion

Посылки

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-3

attributes

assertion: fact-3

conclusion

Аргументы

Идентификатор
inference
Тип
entity_ref
Идентификатор
b
Тип
entity_ref

Тип

literal

Знак

positive

Условие

conclusion_requested

evidence

—

Идентификатор

fact-3

Тип

assertion

Посылки

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-4

attributes

assertion: fact-4

conclusion

Аргументы

Идентификатор
disjunction
Тип
entity_ref
Идентификатор
a
Тип
entity_ref
Идентификатор
b
Тип
entity_ref

Тип

literal

Знак

positive

Условие

is_exclusive_disjunction

evidence

—

Идентификатор

fact-4

Тип

assertion

Посылки

—

sourceAnchors

—

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-5

attributes

assertion: fact-5

conclusion

Аргументы

Идентификатор
not-a
Тип
entity_ref
Идентификатор
a
Тип
entity_ref

Тип

literal

Знак

positive

Условие

is_negation_of

evidence

—

Идентификатор

fact-5

Тип

assertion

Посылки

—

sourceAnchors

—

rule_application · urn:proof:apply:FifthIndemonstrableSextus:4a3bdca9f50494d782037e21e5177c85fdfee329f446d2f7e82e5a3f4354edac

attributes

—

conclusion

Аргументы

Идентификатор
inference
Тип
entity_ref
Идентификатор
b
Тип
entity_ref

Тип

literal

Знак

positive

Условие

licensed_conclusion

evidence

—

Идентификатор

4a3bdca9f50494d782037e21e5177c85fdfee329f446d2f7e82e5a3f4354edac

Тип

rule_application

Посылки

fact-1
fact-2
fact-3
fact-4
fact-5

Правило

FifthIndemonstrableSextus

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Идентификатор: inference
Тип: entity_ref

Идентификатор: disjunction
Тип: entity_ref

Идентификатор: a
Тип: entity_ref

Идентификатор: b
Тип: entity_ref

Идентификатор: not-a
Тип: entity_ref

constraint_check · urn:proof:constraint:FiveIndemonstrablesExhaustive:c76b2df17ca7758f5ed5ae9568e7de011c2b114a9b7d63d323f2e9619025a984

attributes

—

conclusion

constraint: FiveIndemonstrablesExhaustive
requirementStatus: Установлено
Статус расчёта: Соблюдено
triggerStatus: Соблюдено

evidence

—

Идентификатор

c76b2df17ca7758f5ed5ae9568e7de011c2b114a9b7d63d323f2e9619025a984

Тип

constraint_check

Посылки

4a3bdca9f50494d782037e21e5177c85fdfee329f446d2f7e82e5a3f4354edac
fact-3

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Идентификатор: inference
Тип: entity_ref

Идентификатор: b
Тип: entity_ref

interpretation_selection · urn:proof:interpretation-selection

attributes

—

conclusion

selected: SextusFifthReading

evidence

—

Идентификатор

interpretation-selection

Тип

interpretation_selection

Посылки

—

sourceAnchors

—

query_evaluation · urn:proof:query:mcp

attributes

—

conclusion

literal

Аргументы

Идентификатор
inference
Тип
entity_ref
Идентификатор
b
Тип
entity_ref

Тип

literal

Знак

positive

Условие

licensed_conclusion

truthStatus

Установлено

evidence

—

Идентификатор

mcp

Тип

query_evaluation

Посылки

4a3bdca9f50494d782037e21e5177c85fdfee329f446d2f7e82e5a3f4354edac

sourceAnchors

—

Идентификаторы календаря и доказательства

Ссылка на доказательство: mcp

Исходное обоснование · JSON

{
  "derived": [
    "licensed_conclusion(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b)"
  ],
  "derivedOmitted": 0,
  "evaluation": {
    "proofGraph": {
      "nodes": [
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:mcp:case#fact-1"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:disjunction",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#major_premise"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-1",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:mcp:case#fact-2"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:not-a",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#minor_premise"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-2",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:mcp:case#fact-3"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:b",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#conclusion_requested"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-3",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:mcp:case#fact-4"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:disjunction",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:a",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:b",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#is_exclusive_disjunction"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-4",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:mcp:case#fact-5"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:not-a",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:a",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#is_negation_of"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-5",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {},
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:b",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#licensed_conclusion"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:apply:FifthIndemonstrableSextus:4a3bdca9f50494d782037e21e5177c85fdfee329f446d2f7e82e5a3f4354edac",
          "kind": "rule_application",
          "premises": [
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-1",
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-2",
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-3",
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-4",
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-5"
          ],
          "rule": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#FifthIndemonstrableSextus",
          "sourceAnchors": [],
          "substitution": {
            "v0": {
              "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            },
            "v1": {
              "id": "urn:stoic:test:disjunction",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            },
            "v2": {
              "id": "urn:stoic:test:a",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            },
            "v3": {
              "id": "urn:stoic:test:b",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            },
            "v4": {
              "id": "urn:stoic:test:not-a",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "attributes": {},
          "conclusion": {
            "constraint": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#FiveIndemonstrablesExhaustive",
            "requirementStatus": "TRUE_ONLY",
            "status": "SATISFIED",
            "triggerStatus": "SATISFIED"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:constraint:FiveIndemonstrablesExhaustive:c76b2df17ca7758f5ed5ae9568e7de011c2b114a9b7d63d323f2e9619025a984",
          "kind": "constraint_check",
          "premises": [
            "urn:proof:apply:FifthIndemonstrableSextus:4a3bdca9f50494d782037e21e5177c85fdfee329f446d2f7e82e5a3f4354edac",
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-3"
          ],
          "sourceAnchors": [],
          "substitution": {
            "v0": {
              "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            },
            "v1": {
              "id": "urn:stoic:test:b",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "attributes": {},
          "conclusion": {
            "selected": [
              "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SextusFifthReading"
            ]
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:interpretation-selection",
          "kind": "interpretation_selection",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {},
          "conclusion": {
            "literal": {
              "args": [
                {
                  "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
                  "kind": "entity_ref"
                },
                {
                  "id": "urn:stoic:test:b",
                  "kind": "entity_ref"
                }
              ],
              "kind": "literal",
              "polarity": "positive",
              "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#licensed_conclusion"
            },
            "truthStatus": "TRUE_ONLY"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:query:mcp",
          "kind": "query_evaluation",
          "premises": [
            "urn:proof:apply:FifthIndemonstrableSextus:4a3bdca9f50494d782037e21e5177c85fdfee329f446d2f7e82e5a3f4354edac"
          ],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        }
      ],
      "proofHash": "sha256:0af362e0d1a0fbbe1cac31a332737b861d472bb5827c834bc2062697ec422552",
      "roots": [
        "urn:proof:constraint:FiveIndemonstrablesExhaustive:c76b2df17ca7758f5ed5ae9568e7de011c2b114a9b7d63d323f2e9619025a984",
        "urn:proof:query:mcp"
      ]
    },
    "resultHash": "sha256:d0163dc01cf0e8691b6318c63cea3caebc826cadf060f9099b3699a49a764719",
    "schemaVersion": "law.core.evaluation/0.2"
  },
  "proofRef": "urn:proof:query:mcp",
  "rulesApplied": [
    "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#FifthIndemonstrableSextus"
  ],
  "vulnerableTo": [
    {
      "anchors": [
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DL_7_81",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_158",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_162"
      ],
      "label": "fourth indemonstrable: either the first or the second; the first; therefore not the second",
      "missing": [
        "minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:a)"
      ],
      "premises": [
        {
          "premise": "is_exclusive_disjunction(urn:stoic:test:disjunction, urn:stoic:test:a, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:disjunction)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:a)",
          "status": "NEITHER"
        }
      ],
      "rule": "FourthIndemonstrable"
    },
    {
      "anchors": [
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DL_7_80",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_157",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_160"
      ],
      "label": "second indemonstrable: if the first then the second; not the second; therefore not the first",
      "missing": [
        "is_conditional(urn:stoic:test:disjunction, urn:stoic:test:b, urn:stoic:test:a)"
      ],
      "premises": [
        {
          "premise": "minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:not-a)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "is_negation_of(urn:stoic:test:not-a, urn:stoic:test:a)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:disjunction)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "is_conditional(urn:stoic:test:disjunction, urn:stoic:test:b, urn:stoic:test:a)",
          "status": "NEITHER"
        }
      ],
      "rule": "SecondIndemonstrable"
    },
    {
      "anchors": [
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DL_7_80",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_158",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_161"
      ],
      "label": "third indemonstrable: not both; the first; therefore not the second",
      "missing": [
        "is_negation_of(urn:stoic:test:disjunction, v2)",
        "is_conjunction(v2, urn:stoic:test:not-a, urn:stoic:test:b)"
      ],
      "premises": [
        {
          "premise": "minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:not-a)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:disjunction)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "note": "зависит от несвязанной переменной",
          "premise": "is_negation_of(urn:stoic:test:disjunction, v2)",
          "status": "DEPENDS"
        },
        {
          "note": "зависит от несвязанной переменной",
          "premise": "is_conjunction(v2, urn:stoic:test:not-a, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "DEPENDS"
        }
      ],
      "rule": "ThirdIndemonstrable"
    }
  ]
}

ИсточникиФрагментов: 7

section/80

The first kind of indemonstrable statement is that in which the whole argument is constructed of a hypothetical proposition and the clause with which the hypothetical proposition begins, while the final clause is the conclusion; as e.g. If the first, then the second; but the first is, therefore the second is. The second is that which employs a hypothetical proposition and the contradictory of the consequent, while the conclusion is the contradictory of the antecedent; e.g. If it is day, it is light; but it is night, therefore it is not day. Here the minor premiss is the contradictory of the consequent; the conclusion the contradictory of the antecedent. The third kind of indemonstrable employs a conjunction of negative propositions for major premiss and one of the conjoined propositions for minor premiss, concluding thence the contradictory of the remaining proposition; e.g. It is not the case that Plato is both dead and alive; but he is dead, therefore Plato is not alive.

Исходные данные · JSON

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  "contentHash": "sha256:9983edf22aaebb3cb637437eb139db44abd8ee8d39eff23b648c11ff1ae8517c",
  "edition": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DIOGENES_HICKS_1925",
  "fragmentKind": "section",
  "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DL_7_80",
  "kind": "fragment",
  "labels": [
    {
      "language": "en",
      "status": "official",
      "text": "Section 80"
    },
    {
      "language": "ru",
      "status": "translation",
      "text": "параграф 80"
    }
  ],
  "locator": "section/80",
  "package": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia",
  "texts": [
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      "language": "en",
      "status": "official",
      "text": "The first kind of indemonstrable statement is that in which the whole argument is constructed of a hypothetical proposition and the clause with which the hypothetical proposition begins, while the final clause is the conclusion; as e.g. If the first, then the second; but the first is, therefore the second is. The second is that which employs a hypothetical proposition and the contradictory of the consequent, while the conclusion is the contradictory of the antecedent; e.g. If it is day, it is light; but it is night, therefore it is not day. Here the minor premiss is the contradictory of the consequent; the conclusion the contradictory of the antecedent. The third kind of indemonstrable employs a conjunction of negative propositions for major premiss and one of the conjoined propositions for minor premiss, concluding thence the contradictory of the remaining proposition; e.g. It is not the case that Plato is both dead and alive; but he is dead, therefore Plato is not alive."
    }
  ]
}

section/81

The fourth kind employs a disjunctive proposition and one of the two alternatives in the disjunction as premisses, and its conclusion is the contradictory of the other alternative; e.g. Either A or B; but A is, therefore B is not. The fifth kind is that in which the argument as a whole is constructed of a disjunctive proposition and the contradictory of one of the alternatives in the disjunction, its conclusion being the other alternative; e.g. Either it is day or it is night; but it is not night, therefore it is day. From a truth a truth follows, according to the Stoics, as e.g. It is light from It is day; and from a falsehood a falsehood, as It is dark from It is night, if this latter be untrue. Also a truth may follow from a falsehood; e.g. from The earth flies will follow The earth exists; whereas from a truth no falsehood will follow, for from the existence of the earth it does not follow that the earth flies aloft.

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      "text": "The fourth kind employs a disjunctive proposition and one of the two alternatives in the disjunction as premisses, and its conclusion is the contradictory of the other alternative; e.g. Either A or B; but A is, therefore B is not. The fifth kind is that in which the argument as a whole is constructed of a disjunctive proposition and the contradictory of one of the alternatives in the disjunction, its conclusion being the other alternative; e.g. Either it is day or it is night; but it is not night, therefore it is day. From a truth a truth follows, according to the Stoics, as e.g. It is light from It is day; and from a falsehood a falsehood, as It is dark from It is night, if this latter be untrue. Also a truth may follow from a falsehood; e.g. from The earth flies will follow The earth exists; whereas from a truth no falsehood will follow, for from the existence of the earth it does not follow that the earth flies aloft."
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section/157

Now there are, in their imaginings, many non-demonstrable arguments, but the five which they chiefly propound, and to which all the rest can, it seems, be referred, are these. The first is that which deduces the consequent from the major premiss and the antecedent, as for example ‟If it is day, it is light; but in fact it is day; therefore it is light.” The second is that which deduces the opposite of the antecedent from the major premiss and the opposite of the consequent, as for example ‟If it is day, it is light; but it is not light; therefore it is not day.”

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      "text": "Now there are, in their imaginings, many non-demonstrable arguments, but the five which they chiefly propound, and to which all the rest can, it seems, be referred, are these. The first is that which deduces the consequent from the major premiss and the antecedent, as for example ‟If it is day, it is light; but in fact it is day; therefore it is light.” The second is that which deduces the opposite of the antecedent from the major premiss and the opposite of the consequent, as for example ‟If it is day, it is light; but it is not light; therefore it is not day.”"
    }
  ]
}

section/158

The third deduces from the negation of a coupled premiss and the affirmation of one of its clauses the opposite of the other clause, as for example ‟It is not both night and day; but it is day; therefore it is not night.” The fourth deduces from a disjunctive premiss and one of its alternative clauses the opposite of the other, as for example ‟Either it is day or it is night; but it is day; therefore it is not night.” The fifth deduces from a disjunctive premiss and the opposite of one of its clauses the other clause, as for example ‟Either it is day or it is night; but it is not night; therefore it is day.”

Исходные данные · JSON

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      "text": "The third deduces from the negation of a coupled premiss and the affirmation of one of its clauses the opposite of the other clause, as for example ‟It is not both night and day; but it is day; therefore it is not night.” The fourth deduces from a disjunctive premiss and one of its alternative clauses the opposite of the other, as for example ‟Either it is day or it is night; but it is day; therefore it is not night.” The fifth deduces from a disjunctive premiss and the opposite of one of its clauses the other clause, as for example ‟Either it is day or it is night; but it is not night; therefore it is day.”"
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section/160

And in the case of the second non-demonstrable argument we make a similar objection. For it is either possible or impossible for the antecedent to be true when the consequent is not true. But if this is possible, the major premiss will not be valid; while if it is impossible, at the moment of positing ‟Not the consequent” we posit also ‟Not the antecedent,” and the major premiss is redundant once again, the argument propounded being ‟It is not light, therefore it is not day.”

Исходные данные · JSON

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      "text": "And in the case of the second non-demonstrable argument we make a similar objection. For it is either possible or impossible for the antecedent to be true when the consequent is not true. But if this is possible, the major premiss will not be valid; while if it is impossible, at the moment of positing ‟Not the consequent” we posit also ‟Not the antecedent,” and the major premiss is redundant once again, the argument propounded being ‟It is not light, therefore it is not day.”"
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section/161

The same reasoning applies also to the third non-demonstrable argument. For either it is pre-evident that it is impossible for the clauses in the coupled premiss mutually to co-exist, or else it is non-evident. And if it is non-evident we shall not grant the negative of the coupled premiss; but if it is pre-evident, at the moment of positing the one clause the other is annulled, and the negative of the coupled premiss is redundant when we propound the argument in the form ‟It is day, therefore it is not night.”

Исходные данные · JSON

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      "text": "The same reasoning applies also to the third non-demonstrable argument. For either it is pre-evident that it is impossible for the clauses in the coupled premiss mutually to co-exist, or else it is non-evident. And if it is non-evident we shall not grant the negative of the coupled premiss; but if it is pre-evident, at the moment of positing the one clause the other is annulled, and the negative of the coupled premiss is redundant when we propound the argument in the form ‟It is day, therefore it is not night.”"
    }
  ]
}

section/162

And we deal in like manner with the fourth non-demonstrable argument and the fifth. For either it is pre-evident or it is non-evident that in the disjunctive premiss one clause is true, the other false, in complete contradiction, as the disjunctive proclaims. And if this is non-evident, we shall not grant the disjunctive; but if it is pre-evident, if one of its clauses be affirmed it is apparent that the other is not true, and if one is negated it is pre-evident that the other is true, so that it is sufficient to frame the argument thus—‟It is day, therefore it is not night,” or ‟It is not day, therefore it is night;” and the disjunctive premiss is redundant.

Исходные данные · JSON

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      "text": "And we deal in like manner with the fourth non-demonstrable argument and the fifth. For either it is pre-evident or it is non-evident that in the disjunctive premiss one clause is true, the other false, in complete contradiction, as the disjunctive proclaims. And if this is non-evident, we shall not grant the disjunctive; but if it is pre-evident, if one of its clauses be affirmed it is apparent that the other is not true, and if one is negated it is pre-evident that the other is true, so that it is sufficient to frame the argument thus—‟It is day, therefore it is not night,” or ‟It is not day, therefore it is night;” and the disjunctive premiss is redundant."
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}

Пакеты в снимке

Пять стоических индемонстраблей по Диогену Лаэртскому и Сексту Эмпирику — вне юрисдикции государства — доктрина — EXECUTABLE 3 §33.1

Технические данныеПолный ответ, параметры и контрольные суммы

Статус расчёта: COMPUTED

Полный ответ движка

licensed_conclusion: TRUE_ONLY — установлено Выведено правом: licensed_conclusion(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b) Применены правила: FifthIndemonstrableSextus Ответ поражаем правилом «fourth indemonstrable: either the first or the second; the first; therefore not the second» — оно отменило бы вывод, будь установлено: minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:a) Ответ поражаем правилом «second indemonstrable: if the first then the second; not the second; therefore not the first» — оно отменило бы вывод, будь установлено: is_conditional(urn:stoic:test:disjunction, urn:stoic:test:b, urn:stoic:test:a) Ответ поражаем правилом «third indemonstrable: not both; the first; therefore not the second» — оно отменило бы вывод, будь установлено: is_negation_of(urn:stoic:test:disjunction, v2); is_conjunction(v2, urn:stoic:test:not-a, urn:stoic:test:b) (поражающее правило не сработало из-за неустановленных фактов — подайте их в facts, если они есть в деле) Право (вне юрисдикции государства): Пять стоических индемонстраблей по Диогену Лаэртскому и Сексту Эмпирику — доктрина — EXECUTABLE 3 §33.1 (programHash sha256:e2f4a762812e…) proof-граф: 9 узлов — поле evaluation готово для law_explain

Полный машинный результат · JSON

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          "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_158",
          "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_162"
        ],
        "jurisdiction": "none",
        "namespace": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia",
        "package": "grc-stoic-indemonstrables",
        "title": "Пять стоических индемонстраблей по Диогену Лаэртскому и Сексту Эмпирику — вне юрисдикции государства — доктрина — EXECUTABLE 3 §33.1"
      }
    ],
    "caseHash": "sha256:3303d3f3825db020e70fb07da9bb5bf542ba88c634d986153e1c292052d79b5e",
    "codeHash": "sha256:9bcca6a33805c1c364ca1bc8e9d39d6a9c51ba44203c0406bafbf397b96be699",
    "jurisdiction": "вне юрисдикции государства",
    "legalTime": "0001-01-01",
    "mode": "audit",
    "programHash": "sha256:e2f4a762812ed3108f558e351eeaeff0a8aef1e08bb356e1e5c93d7c300833b4",
    "resultHash": "sha256:d0163dc01cf0e8691b6318c63cea3caebc826cadf060f9099b3699a49a764719",
    "rustCodeHash": "sha256:d368cafc7162ed7a6563df5e5c943a57be26fa8aeb3179b530fe3bdd67fe9be4",
    "timezone": "Asia/Qyzylorda"
  },
  "rulesApplied": [
    "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#FifthIndemonstrableSextus"
  ],
  "signature": {
    "constants": {},
    "parameters": [
      {
        "labels": [],
        "name": "i",
        "type": {
          "name": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#Inference"
        }
      },
      {
        "labels": [],
        "name": "p",
        "type": {
          "name": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#Proposition"
        }
      }
    ],
    "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#licensed_conclusion",
    "schemaVersion": "law.answers.signature/0.1",
    "types": {
      "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#Inference": {
        "kind": "entity",
        "labels": [
          {
            "language": "en",
            "status": "translation",
            "text": "submitted inference: major premise, minor premise, and conclusion"
          },
          {
            "language": "ru",
            "status": "official",
            "text": "предъявленный вывод: большая посылка, малая посылка и заключение"
          }
        ],
        "namespace": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia",
        "package": "grc.stoici.indemonstrabilia"
      },
      "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#Proposition": {
        "kind": "entity",
        "labels": [
          {
            "language": "en",
            "status": "translation",
            "text": "proposition: truth-apt content"
          },
          {
            "language": "grc",
            "status": "official",
            "text": "ἀξίωμα"
          },
          {
            "language": "ru",
            "status": "translation",
            "text": "пропозиция: содержание, способное быть истинным или ложным"
          }
        ],
        "namespace": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia",
        "package": "grc.stoici.indemonstrabilia"
      }
    },
    "vocab": {}
  },
  "vulnerableTo": [
    {
      "anchors": [
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        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_158",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_162"
      ],
      "label": "fourth indemonstrable: either the first or the second; the first; therefore not the second",
      "missing": [
        "minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:a)"
      ],
      "premises": [
        {
          "premise": "is_exclusive_disjunction(urn:stoic:test:disjunction, urn:stoic:test:a, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:disjunction)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:a)",
          "status": "NEITHER"
        }
      ],
      "rule": "FourthIndemonstrable"
    },
    {
      "anchors": [
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DL_7_80",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_157",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_160"
      ],
      "label": "second indemonstrable: if the first then the second; not the second; therefore not the first",
      "missing": [
        "is_conditional(urn:stoic:test:disjunction, urn:stoic:test:b, urn:stoic:test:a)"
      ],
      "premises": [
        {
          "premise": "minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:not-a)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "is_negation_of(urn:stoic:test:not-a, urn:stoic:test:a)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:disjunction)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "is_conditional(urn:stoic:test:disjunction, urn:stoic:test:b, urn:stoic:test:a)",
          "status": "NEITHER"
        }
      ],
      "rule": "SecondIndemonstrable"
    },
    {
      "anchors": [
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DL_7_80",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_158",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_161"
      ],
      "label": "third indemonstrable: not both; the first; therefore not the second",
      "missing": [
        "is_negation_of(urn:stoic:test:disjunction, v2)",
        "is_conjunction(v2, urn:stoic:test:not-a, urn:stoic:test:b)"
      ],
      "premises": [
        {
          "premise": "minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:not-a)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:disjunction)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "note": "зависит от несвязанной переменной",
          "premise": "is_negation_of(urn:stoic:test:disjunction, v2)",
          "status": "DEPENDS"
        },
        {
          "note": "зависит от несвязанной переменной",
          "premise": "is_conjunction(v2, urn:stoic:test:not-a, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "DEPENDS"
        }
      ],
      "rule": "ThirdIndemonstrable"
    }
  ],
  "whyNot": []
}

Исполнение · JSON

{
  "evaluationBytes": 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  "request": {
    "case": {
      "assertions": [
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          "contentHash": "sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
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      ],
      "jurisdiction": "none",
      "namespace": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia",
      "package": "grc-stoic-indemonstrables",
      "title": "Пять стоических индемонстраблей по Диогену Лаэртскому и Сексту Эмпирику — вне юрисдикции государства — доктрина — EXECUTABLE 3 §33.1"
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  "codeHash": "sha256:9bcca6a33805c1c364ca1bc8e9d39d6a9c51ba44203c0406bafbf397b96be699",
  "jurisdiction": "вне юрисдикции государства",
  "legalTime": "0001-01-01",
  "mode": "audit",
  "programHash": "sha256:e2f4a762812ed3108f558e351eeaeff0a8aef1e08bb356e1e5c93d7c300833b4",
  "resultHash": "sha256:d0163dc01cf0e8691b6318c63cea3caebc826cadf060f9099b3699a49a764719",
  "rustCodeHash": "sha256:d368cafc7162ed7a6563df5e5c943a57be26fa8aeb3179b530fe3bdd67fe9be4",
  "timezone": "Asia/Qyzylorda"
}

evaluation SHA-256: sha256:5dbb8ab48a10dc34a67e971732e24083630d5002c15251543e329aab42bbf476

Исходные данные · JSON

{
  "args": [
    "urn:stoic:test:inference",
    "urn:stoic:test:b"
  ],
  "facts": [
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:inference",
        "urn:stoic:test:disjunction"
      ],
      "predicate": "major_premise"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:inference",
        "urn:stoic:test:not-a"
      ],
      "predicate": "minor_premise"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:inference",
        "urn:stoic:test:b"
      ],
      "predicate": "conclusion_requested"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:disjunction",
        "urn:stoic:test:a",
        "urn:stoic:test:b"
      ],
      "predicate": "is_exclusive_disjunction"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:not-a",
        "urn:stoic:test:a"
      ],
      "predicate": "is_negation_of"
    }
  ],
  "kind": "truth",
  "legalTime": "0001-01-01",
  "package": "grc-stoic-indemonstrables",
  "predicate": "licensed_conclusion",
  "proof": true,
  "selectedInterpretations": [
    "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SextusFifthReading"
  ]
}

Под прочтением Секста Эмпирика отрицание первого члена дозволяет второй.

Проверка условия

Та же схема Секста под прочтением Диогена

Дата контекста 01.01.0001

Результат расчёта

Не установлено

Посылки правил

Правило: fifth indemonstrable in Diogenes' order: either first or second; not second; therefore first
- пропозиция предъявлена как малая посылка этого выводаinference, not-aустановлено
- для пропозиции проверяется, лицензирована ли она как заключениеinference, bустановлено
- пропозиция есть исключающая дизъюнкция first и seconddisjunction, b, aфакт не подан и не выведен
- первая пропозиция есть противоречащее отрицание второйnot-a, aустановлено
- пропозиция предъявлена как большая посылка этого выводаinference, disjunctionустановлено
Правило: fifth indemonstrable in Sextus' order: either first or second; not first; therefore second
- пропозиция предъявлена как малая посылка этого выводаinference, not-aустановлено
- пропозиция есть исключающая дизъюнкция first и seconddisjunction, a, bустановлено
- для пропозиции проверяется, лицензирована ли она как заключениеinference, bустановлено
- пропозиция предъявлена как большая посылка этого выводаinference, disjunctionустановлено
- первая пропозиция есть противоречащее отрицание второйnot-a, aустановлено
Правило: first indemonstrable: if the first then the second; the first; therefore the second
- для пропозиции проверяется, лицензирована ли она как заключениеinference, bустановлено
- пропозиция предъявлена как большая посылка этого выводаinference, disjunctionустановлено
- пропозиция имеет форму «если antecedent, то consequent»disjunction, not-a, bфакт не подан и не выведен
- пропозиция предъявлена как малая посылка этого выводаinference, not-aустановлено
Правило: fourth indemonstrable: either the first or the second; the first; therefore not the second
- пропозиция есть исключающая дизъюнкция first и seconddisjunction, a, bустановлено
- для пропозиции проверяется, лицензирована ли она как заключениеinference, bустановлено
- пропозиция предъявлена как большая посылка этого выводаinference, disjunctionустановлено
- пропозиция предъявлена как малая посылка этого выводаinference, aфакт не подан и не выведен
Правило: second indemonstrable: if the first then the second; not the second; therefore not the first
- пропозиция предъявлена как малая посылка этого выводаinference, not-aустановлено
- для пропозиции проверяется, лицензирована ли она как заключениеinference, bустановлено
- первая пропозиция есть противоречащее отрицание второйnot-a, aустановлено
- пропозиция предъявлена как большая посылка этого выводаinference, disjunctionустановлено
- пропозиция имеет форму «если antecedent, то consequent»disjunction, b, aфакт не подан и не выведен

Исходные параметры

Что определяем

предъявленные посылки лицензируют пропозицию как заключение

inferenceb

Исходные факты

пропозиция предъявлена как большая посылка этого вывода
i: inferencep: disjunction
пропозиция предъявлена как малая посылка этого вывода
i: inferencep: not-a
для пропозиции проверяется, лицензирована ли она как заключение
i: inferencep: b
пропозиция есть исключающая дизъюнкция first и second
p: disjunctionfirst: asecond: b
первая пропозиция есть противоречащее отрицание второй
negative: not-apositive: a

Дополнительные сведения

Сохранить доказательство: Да
selectedInterpretations: DiogenesFifthReading

Исходные данные · JSON

{
  "args": [
    "urn:stoic:test:inference",
    "urn:stoic:test:b"
  ],
  "facts": [
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:inference",
        "urn:stoic:test:disjunction"
      ],
      "predicate": "major_premise"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:inference",
        "urn:stoic:test:not-a"
      ],
      "predicate": "minor_premise"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:inference",
        "urn:stoic:test:b"
      ],
      "predicate": "conclusion_requested"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:disjunction",
        "urn:stoic:test:a",
        "urn:stoic:test:b"
      ],
      "predicate": "is_exclusive_disjunction"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:not-a",
        "urn:stoic:test:a"
      ],
      "predicate": "is_negation_of"
    }
  ],
  "kind": "truth",
  "legalTime": "0001-01-01",
  "package": "grc-stoic-indemonstrables",
  "predicate": "licensed_conclusion",
  "proof": true,
  "selectedInterpretations": [
    "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DiogenesFifthReading"
  ]
}

Почему такой результатПрименённые правила и условия

Путь вывода1 шагов

1
Вычисление запроса
запрос

проверено движком: 1 · факт дела: 0 · Полный граф: 4 узлов

Почему вывод не состоялся5 правил

1
пятая схема по порядку Диогена: либо первое, либо второе; не второе; значит первое
Чего не хватает
- пропозиция предъявлена как малая посылка этого выводаinference, not-aУстановлено
- для пропозиции проверяется, лицензирована ли она как заключениеinference, bУстановлено
- пропозиция есть исключающая дизъюнкция first и seconddisjunction, b, aНе установлено
- первая пропозиция есть противоречащее отрицание второйnot-a, aУстановлено
- пропозиция предъявлена как большая посылка этого выводаinference, disjunctionУстановлено
Источник: разд. 81
Идентификатор
urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#FifthIndemonstrableDiogenes
правило
2
пятая схема по порядку Секста: либо первое, либо второе; не первое; значит второе
Чего не хватает
- пропозиция предъявлена как малая посылка этого выводаinference, not-aУстановлено
- пропозиция есть исключающая дизъюнкция first и seconddisjunction, a, bУстановлено
- для пропозиции проверяется, лицензирована ли она как заключениеinference, bУстановлено
- пропозиция предъявлена как большая посылка этого выводаinference, disjunctionУстановлено
- первая пропозиция есть противоречащее отрицание второйnot-a, aУстановлено
Источник: разд. 158, разд. 162
Идентификатор
urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#FifthIndemonstrableSextus
правило
3
первая схема: если первое, то второе; первое; значит второе
Чего не хватает
- для пропозиции проверяется, лицензирована ли она как заключениеinference, bУстановлено
- пропозиция предъявлена как большая посылка этого выводаinference, disjunctionУстановлено
- пропозиция имеет форму «если antecedent, то consequent»disjunction, not-a, bНе установлено
- пропозиция предъявлена как малая посылка этого выводаinference, not-aУстановлено
Источник: разд. 80, разд. 157, разд. 159
Идентификатор
urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#FirstIndemonstrable
правило
4
четвёртая схема: либо первое, либо второе; первое; значит не второе
Чего не хватает
- пропозиция есть исключающая дизъюнкция first и seconddisjunction, a, bУстановлено
- для пропозиции проверяется, лицензирована ли она как заключениеinference, bУстановлено
- пропозиция предъявлена как большая посылка этого выводаinference, disjunctionУстановлено
- пропозиция предъявлена как малая посылка этого выводаinference, aНе установлено
Источник: разд. 81, разд. 158, разд. 162
Идентификатор
urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#FourthIndemonstrable
правило
5
вторая схема: если первое, то второе; не второе; значит не первое
Чего не хватает
- пропозиция предъявлена как малая посылка этого выводаinference, not-aУстановлено
- для пропозиции проверяется, лицензирована ли она как заключениеinference, bУстановлено
- первая пропозиция есть противоречащее отрицание второйnot-a, aУстановлено
- пропозиция предъявлена как большая посылка этого выводаinference, disjunctionУстановлено
- пропозиция имеет форму «если antecedent, то consequent»disjunction, b, aНе установлено
Источник: разд. 80, разд. 157, разд. 160
Идентификатор
urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SecondIndemonstrable
правило

Граф доказательств

Граф доказательства · 1 слой

Узлы доказательств: 4 · assertion 1, constraint_check 1, interpretation_selection 1, query_evaluation 1

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-3

attributes

assertion: fact-3

conclusion

Аргументы

Идентификатор
inference
Тип
entity_ref
Идентификатор
b
Тип
entity_ref

Тип

literal

Знак

positive

Условие

conclusion_requested

evidence

—

Идентификатор

fact-3

Тип

assertion

Посылки

—

sourceAnchors

—

constraint_check · urn:proof:constraint:FiveIndemonstrablesExhaustive:fb99d619341931c30aefc09564172a20a1548bc47831bd86ddee874c5414f61d

attributes

—

conclusion

constraint: FiveIndemonstrablesExhaustive
requirementStatus: Не установлено
Статус расчёта: Не определено
triggerStatus: Соблюдено

evidence

—

Идентификатор

fb99d619341931c30aefc09564172a20a1548bc47831bd86ddee874c5414f61d

Тип

constraint_check

Посылки

fact-3

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Идентификатор: inference
Тип: entity_ref

Идентификатор: b
Тип: entity_ref

interpretation_selection · urn:proof:interpretation-selection

attributes

—

conclusion

selected: DiogenesFifthReading

evidence

—

Идентификатор

interpretation-selection

Тип

interpretation_selection

Посылки

—

sourceAnchors

—

query_evaluation · urn:proof:query:mcp

attributes

—

conclusion

literal

Аргументы

Идентификатор
inference
Тип
entity_ref
Идентификатор
b
Тип
entity_ref

Тип

literal

Знак

positive

Условие

licensed_conclusion

truthStatus

Не установлено

evidence

—

Идентификатор

mcp

Тип

query_evaluation

Посылки

—

sourceAnchors

—

Идентификаторы календаря и доказательства

Ссылка на доказательство: mcp

Исходное обоснование · JSON

{
  "derivedOmitted": 0,
  "evaluation": {
    "proofGraph": {
      "nodes": [
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:mcp:case#fact-3"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:b",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#conclusion_requested"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-3",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {},
          "conclusion": {
            "constraint": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#FiveIndemonstrablesExhaustive",
            "requirementStatus": "NEITHER",
            "status": "UNDETERMINED",
            "triggerStatus": "SATISFIED"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:constraint:FiveIndemonstrablesExhaustive:fb99d619341931c30aefc09564172a20a1548bc47831bd86ddee874c5414f61d",
          "kind": "constraint_check",
          "premises": [
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-3"
          ],
          "sourceAnchors": [],
          "substitution": {
            "v0": {
              "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            },
            "v1": {
              "id": "urn:stoic:test:b",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "attributes": {},
          "conclusion": {
            "selected": [
              "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DiogenesFifthReading"
            ]
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:interpretation-selection",
          "kind": "interpretation_selection",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {},
          "conclusion": {
            "literal": {
              "args": [
                {
                  "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
                  "kind": "entity_ref"
                },
                {
                  "id": "urn:stoic:test:b",
                  "kind": "entity_ref"
                }
              ],
              "kind": "literal",
              "polarity": "positive",
              "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#licensed_conclusion"
            },
            "truthStatus": "NEITHER"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:query:mcp",
          "kind": "query_evaluation",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        }
      ],
      "proofHash": "sha256:e3c30d32f9acbdc847d7af2e672f2248d51eaa9963bdf3b81f13772e589f3abc",
      "roots": [
        "urn:proof:constraint:FiveIndemonstrablesExhaustive:fb99d619341931c30aefc09564172a20a1548bc47831bd86ddee874c5414f61d",
        "urn:proof:query:mcp"
      ]
    },
    "resultHash": "sha256:149c7557003b03f790dbd936a205d7c26af44568f82e045ec50fb943e3f98307",
    "schemaVersion": "law.core.evaluation/0.2"
  },
  "proofRef": "urn:proof:query:mcp",
  "whyNot": [
    {
      "anchors": [
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DL_7_81"
      ],
      "computedHead": false,
      "label": "fifth indemonstrable in Diogenes' order: either first or second; not second; therefore first",
      "premises": [
        {
          "premise": "minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:not-a)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "is_exclusive_disjunction(urn:stoic:test:disjunction, urn:stoic:test:b, urn:stoic:test:a)",
          "status": "NEITHER"
        },
        {
          "premise": "is_negation_of(urn:stoic:test:not-a, urn:stoic:test:a)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:disjunction)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        }
      ],
      "rule": "FifthIndemonstrableDiogenes"
    },
    {
      "anchors": [
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_158",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_162"
      ],
      "computedHead": false,
      "label": "fifth indemonstrable in Sextus' order: either first or second; not first; therefore second",
      "premises": [
        {
          "premise": "minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:not-a)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "is_exclusive_disjunction(urn:stoic:test:disjunction, urn:stoic:test:a, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:disjunction)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "is_negation_of(urn:stoic:test:not-a, urn:stoic:test:a)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        }
      ],
      "rule": "FifthIndemonstrableSextus"
    },
    {
      "anchors": [
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DL_7_80",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_157",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_159"
      ],
      "computedHead": false,
      "label": "first indemonstrable: if the first then the second; the first; therefore the second",
      "premises": [
        {
          "premise": "conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:disjunction)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "is_conditional(urn:stoic:test:disjunction, urn:stoic:test:not-a, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "NEITHER"
        },
        {
          "premise": "minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:not-a)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        }
      ],
      "rule": "FirstIndemonstrable"
    },
    {
      "anchors": [
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DL_7_81",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_158",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_162"
      ],
      "computedHead": false,
      "label": "fourth indemonstrable: either the first or the second; the first; therefore not the second",
      "premises": [
        {
          "premise": "is_exclusive_disjunction(urn:stoic:test:disjunction, urn:stoic:test:a, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:disjunction)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:a)",
          "status": "NEITHER"
        }
      ],
      "rule": "FourthIndemonstrable"
    },
    {
      "anchors": [
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DL_7_80",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_157",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_160"
      ],
      "computedHead": false,
      "label": "second indemonstrable: if the first then the second; not the second; therefore not the first",
      "premises": [
        {
          "premise": "minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:not-a)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "is_negation_of(urn:stoic:test:not-a, urn:stoic:test:a)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:disjunction)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "is_conditional(urn:stoic:test:disjunction, urn:stoic:test:b, urn:stoic:test:a)",
          "status": "NEITHER"
        }
      ],
      "rule": "SecondIndemonstrable"
    }
  ]
}

ИсточникиФрагментов: 7

section/80

The first kind of indemonstrable statement is that in which the whole argument is constructed of a hypothetical proposition and the clause with which the hypothetical proposition begins, while the final clause is the conclusion; as e.g. If the first, then the second; but the first is, therefore the second is. The second is that which employs a hypothetical proposition and the contradictory of the consequent, while the conclusion is the contradictory of the antecedent; e.g. If it is day, it is light; but it is night, therefore it is not day. Here the minor premiss is the contradictory of the consequent; the conclusion the contradictory of the antecedent. The third kind of indemonstrable employs a conjunction of negative propositions for major premiss and one of the conjoined propositions for minor premiss, concluding thence the contradictory of the remaining proposition; e.g. It is not the case that Plato is both dead and alive; but he is dead, therefore Plato is not alive.

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      "text": "The first kind of indemonstrable statement is that in which the whole argument is constructed of a hypothetical proposition and the clause with which the hypothetical proposition begins, while the final clause is the conclusion; as e.g. If the first, then the second; but the first is, therefore the second is. The second is that which employs a hypothetical proposition and the contradictory of the consequent, while the conclusion is the contradictory of the antecedent; e.g. If it is day, it is light; but it is night, therefore it is not day. Here the minor premiss is the contradictory of the consequent; the conclusion the contradictory of the antecedent. The third kind of indemonstrable employs a conjunction of negative propositions for major premiss and one of the conjoined propositions for minor premiss, concluding thence the contradictory of the remaining proposition; e.g. It is not the case that Plato is both dead and alive; but he is dead, therefore Plato is not alive."
    }
  ]
}

section/81

The fourth kind employs a disjunctive proposition and one of the two alternatives in the disjunction as premisses, and its conclusion is the contradictory of the other alternative; e.g. Either A or B; but A is, therefore B is not. The fifth kind is that in which the argument as a whole is constructed of a disjunctive proposition and the contradictory of one of the alternatives in the disjunction, its conclusion being the other alternative; e.g. Either it is day or it is night; but it is not night, therefore it is day. From a truth a truth follows, according to the Stoics, as e.g. It is light from It is day; and from a falsehood a falsehood, as It is dark from It is night, if this latter be untrue. Also a truth may follow from a falsehood; e.g. from The earth flies will follow The earth exists; whereas from a truth no falsehood will follow, for from the existence of the earth it does not follow that the earth flies aloft.

Исходные данные · JSON

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      "text": "The fourth kind employs a disjunctive proposition and one of the two alternatives in the disjunction as premisses, and its conclusion is the contradictory of the other alternative; e.g. Either A or B; but A is, therefore B is not. The fifth kind is that in which the argument as a whole is constructed of a disjunctive proposition and the contradictory of one of the alternatives in the disjunction, its conclusion being the other alternative; e.g. Either it is day or it is night; but it is not night, therefore it is day. From a truth a truth follows, according to the Stoics, as e.g. It is light from It is day; and from a falsehood a falsehood, as It is dark from It is night, if this latter be untrue. Also a truth may follow from a falsehood; e.g. from The earth flies will follow The earth exists; whereas from a truth no falsehood will follow, for from the existence of the earth it does not follow that the earth flies aloft."
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section/157

Now there are, in their imaginings, many non-demonstrable arguments, but the five which they chiefly propound, and to which all the rest can, it seems, be referred, are these. The first is that which deduces the consequent from the major premiss and the antecedent, as for example ‟If it is day, it is light; but in fact it is day; therefore it is light.” The second is that which deduces the opposite of the antecedent from the major premiss and the opposite of the consequent, as for example ‟If it is day, it is light; but it is not light; therefore it is not day.”

Исходные данные · JSON

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      "text": "Now there are, in their imaginings, many non-demonstrable arguments, but the five which they chiefly propound, and to which all the rest can, it seems, be referred, are these. The first is that which deduces the consequent from the major premiss and the antecedent, as for example ‟If it is day, it is light; but in fact it is day; therefore it is light.” The second is that which deduces the opposite of the antecedent from the major premiss and the opposite of the consequent, as for example ‟If it is day, it is light; but it is not light; therefore it is not day.”"
    }
  ]
}

section/158

The third deduces from the negation of a coupled premiss and the affirmation of one of its clauses the opposite of the other clause, as for example ‟It is not both night and day; but it is day; therefore it is not night.” The fourth deduces from a disjunctive premiss and one of its alternative clauses the opposite of the other, as for example ‟Either it is day or it is night; but it is day; therefore it is not night.” The fifth deduces from a disjunctive premiss and the opposite of one of its clauses the other clause, as for example ‟Either it is day or it is night; but it is not night; therefore it is day.”

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      "text": "The third deduces from the negation of a coupled premiss and the affirmation of one of its clauses the opposite of the other clause, as for example ‟It is not both night and day; but it is day; therefore it is not night.” The fourth deduces from a disjunctive premiss and one of its alternative clauses the opposite of the other, as for example ‟Either it is day or it is night; but it is day; therefore it is not night.” The fifth deduces from a disjunctive premiss and the opposite of one of its clauses the other clause, as for example ‟Either it is day or it is night; but it is not night; therefore it is day.”"
    }
  ]
}

section/159

These, then, are the much talked of non-demonstrable arguments, but they all seem to me to be inconclusive through redundancy. Thus for instance, to begin with the first, either it is agreed, or else it is non-evident, that in the major premiss ‟If it is day, it is light,” the clause ‟it is light” follows from its antecedent ‟it is day.” But if this is non-evident, we shall not grant the major premiss as agreed; if, however, it is pre-evident that if the clause ‟it is day” be true, the clause ‟it is light” will necessarily be true also, then, once we have asserted that ‟it is day,” the statement ‟it is light” is also inferred, so that an argument in the form ‟It is day, therefore it is light” is sufficient, and the major premiss ‟If it is day, it is light” is redundant.

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      "text": "These, then, are the much talked of non-demonstrable arguments, but they all seem to me to be inconclusive through redundancy. Thus for instance, to begin with the first, either it is agreed, or else it is non-evident, that in the major premiss ‟If it is day, it is light,” the clause ‟it is light” follows from its antecedent ‟it is day.” But if this is non-evident, we shall not grant the major premiss as agreed; if, however, it is pre-evident that if the clause ‟it is day” be true, the clause ‟it is light” will necessarily be true also, then, once we have asserted that ‟it is day,” the statement ‟it is light” is also inferred, so that an argument in the form ‟It is day, therefore it is light” is sufficient, and the major premiss ‟If it is day, it is light” is redundant."
    }
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section/160

And in the case of the second non-demonstrable argument we make a similar objection. For it is either possible or impossible for the antecedent to be true when the consequent is not true. But if this is possible, the major premiss will not be valid; while if it is impossible, at the moment of positing ‟Not the consequent” we posit also ‟Not the antecedent,” and the major premiss is redundant once again, the argument propounded being ‟It is not light, therefore it is not day.”

Исходные данные · JSON

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      "text": "And in the case of the second non-demonstrable argument we make a similar objection. For it is either possible or impossible for the antecedent to be true when the consequent is not true. But if this is possible, the major premiss will not be valid; while if it is impossible, at the moment of positing ‟Not the consequent” we posit also ‟Not the antecedent,” and the major premiss is redundant once again, the argument propounded being ‟It is not light, therefore it is not day.”"
    }
  ]
}

section/162

And we deal in like manner with the fourth non-demonstrable argument and the fifth. For either it is pre-evident or it is non-evident that in the disjunctive premiss one clause is true, the other false, in complete contradiction, as the disjunctive proclaims. And if this is non-evident, we shall not grant the disjunctive; but if it is pre-evident, if one of its clauses be affirmed it is apparent that the other is not true, and if one is negated it is pre-evident that the other is true, so that it is sufficient to frame the argument thus—‟It is day, therefore it is not night,” or ‟It is not day, therefore it is night;” and the disjunctive premiss is redundant.

Исходные данные · JSON

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      "text": "And we deal in like manner with the fourth non-demonstrable argument and the fifth. For either it is pre-evident or it is non-evident that in the disjunctive premiss one clause is true, the other false, in complete contradiction, as the disjunctive proclaims. And if this is non-evident, we shall not grant the disjunctive; but if it is pre-evident, if one of its clauses be affirmed it is apparent that the other is not true, and if one is negated it is pre-evident that the other is true, so that it is sufficient to frame the argument thus—‟It is day, therefore it is not night,” or ‟It is not day, therefore it is night;” and the disjunctive premiss is redundant."
    }
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}

Пакеты в снимке

Пять стоических индемонстраблей по Диогену Лаэртскому и Сексту Эмпирику — вне юрисдикции государства — доктрина — EXECUTABLE 3 §33.1

Технические данныеПолный ответ, параметры и контрольные суммы

Статус расчёта: COMPUTED

Полный ответ движка

licensed_conclusion: NEITHER — НЕ УСТАНОВЛЕНО: в формализованном праве нет ни подтверждения, ни опровержения (открытый мир §69) — это не «нет» Правило «fifth indemonstrable in Diogenes' order: either first or second; not second; therefore first» вывело бы это при посылках: ✓ minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:not-a) — TRUE_ONLY ✓ conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b) — TRUE_ONLY ? is_exclusive_disjunction(urn:stoic:test:disjunction, urn:stoic:test:b, urn:stoic:test:a) — NEITHER ✓ is_negation_of(urn:stoic:test:not-a, urn:stoic:test:a) — TRUE_ONLY ✓ major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:disjunction) — TRUE_ONLY Правило «fifth indemonstrable in Sextus' order: either first or second; not first; therefore second» вывело бы это при посылках: ✓ minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:not-a) — TRUE_ONLY ✓ is_exclusive_disjunction(urn:stoic:test:disjunction, urn:stoic:test:a, urn:stoic:test:b) — TRUE_ONLY ✓ conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b) — TRUE_ONLY ✓ major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:disjunction) — TRUE_ONLY ✓ is_negation_of(urn:stoic:test:not-a, urn:stoic:test:a) — TRUE_ONLY Правило «first indemonstrable: if the first then the second; the first; therefore the second» вывело бы это при посылках: ✓ conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b) — TRUE_ONLY ✓ major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:disjunction) — TRUE_ONLY ? is_conditional(urn:stoic:test:disjunction, urn:stoic:test:not-a, urn:stoic:test:b) — NEITHER ✓ minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:not-a) — TRUE_ONLY Правило «fourth indemonstrable: either the first or the second; the first; therefore not the second» вывело бы это при посылках: ✓ is_exclusive_disjunction(urn:stoic:test:disjunction, urn:stoic:test:a, urn:stoic:test:b) — TRUE_ONLY ✓ conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b) — TRUE_ONLY ✓ major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:disjunction) — TRUE_ONLY ? minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:a) — NEITHER Правило «second indemonstrable: if the first then the second; not the second; therefore not the first» вывело бы это при посылках: ✓ minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:not-a) — TRUE_ONLY ✓ conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b) — TRUE_ONLY ✓ is_negation_of(urn:stoic:test:not-a, urn:stoic:test:a) — TRUE_ONLY ✓ major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:disjunction) — TRUE_ONLY ? is_conditional(urn:stoic:test:disjunction, urn:stoic:test:b, urn:stoic:test:a) — NEITHER (? — факт не подан и не выведен; ✗ — установлено обратное) Полные правила с посылками: law_rules({"predicate": "licensed_conclusion"}) Право (вне юрисдикции государства): Пять стоических индемонстраблей по Диогену Лаэртскому и Сексту Эмпирику — доктрина — EXECUTABLE 3 §33.1 (programHash sha256:e2f4a762812e…) proof-граф: 4 узлов — поле evaluation готово для law_explain

Полный машинный результат · JSON

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    "caseHash": "sha256:848a076eea41b034ff204dc71568a364ced7b56038f47bd2a566d8b0a4951442",
    "codeHash": "sha256:9bcca6a33805c1c364ca1bc8e9d39d6a9c51ba44203c0406bafbf397b96be699",
    "jurisdiction": "вне юрисдикции государства",
    "legalTime": "0001-01-01",
    "mode": "audit",
    "programHash": "sha256:e2f4a762812ed3108f558e351eeaeff0a8aef1e08bb356e1e5c93d7c300833b4",
    "resultHash": "sha256:149c7557003b03f790dbd936a205d7c26af44568f82e045ec50fb943e3f98307",
    "rustCodeHash": "sha256:d368cafc7162ed7a6563df5e5c943a57be26fa8aeb3179b530fe3bdd67fe9be4",
    "timezone": "Asia/Qyzylorda"
  },
  "rulesApplied": [],
  "signature": {
    "constants": {},
    "parameters": [
      {
        "labels": [],
        "name": "i",
        "type": {
          "name": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#Inference"
        }
      },
      {
        "labels": [],
        "name": "p",
        "type": {
          "name": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#Proposition"
        }
      }
    ],
    "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#licensed_conclusion",
    "schemaVersion": "law.answers.signature/0.1",
    "types": {
      "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#Inference": {
        "kind": "entity",
        "labels": [
          {
            "language": "en",
            "status": "translation",
            "text": "submitted inference: major premise, minor premise, and conclusion"
          },
          {
            "language": "ru",
            "status": "official",
            "text": "предъявленный вывод: большая посылка, малая посылка и заключение"
          }
        ],
        "namespace": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia",
        "package": "grc.stoici.indemonstrabilia"
      },
      "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#Proposition": {
        "kind": "entity",
        "labels": [
          {
            "language": "en",
            "status": "translation",
            "text": "proposition: truth-apt content"
          },
          {
            "language": "grc",
            "status": "official",
            "text": "ἀξίωμα"
          },
          {
            "language": "ru",
            "status": "translation",
            "text": "пропозиция: содержание, способное быть истинным или ложным"
          }
        ],
        "namespace": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia",
        "package": "grc.stoici.indemonstrabilia"
      }
    },
    "vocab": {}
  },
  "vulnerableTo": [],
  "whyNot": [
    {
      "anchors": [
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DL_7_81"
      ],
      "computedHead": false,
      "label": "fifth indemonstrable in Diogenes' order: either first or second; not second; therefore first",
      "premises": [
        {
          "premise": "minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:not-a)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "is_exclusive_disjunction(urn:stoic:test:disjunction, urn:stoic:test:b, urn:stoic:test:a)",
          "status": "NEITHER"
        },
        {
          "premise": "is_negation_of(urn:stoic:test:not-a, urn:stoic:test:a)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:disjunction)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        }
      ],
      "rule": "FifthIndemonstrableDiogenes"
    },
    {
      "anchors": [
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_158",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_162"
      ],
      "computedHead": false,
      "label": "fifth indemonstrable in Sextus' order: either first or second; not first; therefore second",
      "premises": [
        {
          "premise": "minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:not-a)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "is_exclusive_disjunction(urn:stoic:test:disjunction, urn:stoic:test:a, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:disjunction)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "is_negation_of(urn:stoic:test:not-a, urn:stoic:test:a)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        }
      ],
      "rule": "FifthIndemonstrableSextus"
    },
    {
      "anchors": [
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DL_7_80",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_157",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_159"
      ],
      "computedHead": false,
      "label": "first indemonstrable: if the first then the second; the first; therefore the second",
      "premises": [
        {
          "premise": "conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:disjunction)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "is_conditional(urn:stoic:test:disjunction, urn:stoic:test:not-a, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "NEITHER"
        },
        {
          "premise": "minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:not-a)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        }
      ],
      "rule": "FirstIndemonstrable"
    },
    {
      "anchors": [
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DL_7_81",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_158",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_162"
      ],
      "computedHead": false,
      "label": "fourth indemonstrable: either the first or the second; the first; therefore not the second",
      "premises": [
        {
          "premise": "is_exclusive_disjunction(urn:stoic:test:disjunction, urn:stoic:test:a, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:disjunction)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:a)",
          "status": "NEITHER"
        }
      ],
      "rule": "FourthIndemonstrable"
    },
    {
      "anchors": [
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DL_7_80",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_157",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_160"
      ],
      "computedHead": false,
      "label": "second indemonstrable: if the first then the second; not the second; therefore not the first",
      "premises": [
        {
          "premise": "minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:not-a)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "is_negation_of(urn:stoic:test:not-a, urn:stoic:test:a)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:disjunction)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "is_conditional(urn:stoic:test:disjunction, urn:stoic:test:b, urn:stoic:test:a)",
          "status": "NEITHER"
        }
      ],
      "rule": "SecondIndemonstrable"
    }
  ]
}

Исполнение · JSON

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  "evaluationSha256": "sha256:b7fb78cfc880178a21e278c21ae7e70544160638d5a820f0119f5ff3537b13f2",
  "request": {
    "case": {
      "assertions": [
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          "id": "urn:mcp:case#fact-1",
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            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
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          "origin": "case_input",
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            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#minor_premise"
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          "origin": "case_input",
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              {
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                "kind": "entity_ref"
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            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#conclusion_requested"
          },
          "origin": "case_input",
          "package": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia"
        },
        {
          "contentHash": "sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:mcp:case#fact-4",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "literal": {
            "args": [
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                "id": "urn:stoic:test:disjunction",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:a",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:b",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#is_exclusive_disjunction"
          },
          "origin": "case_input",
          "package": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia"
        },
        {
          "contentHash": "sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:mcp:case#fact-5",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "literal": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:not-a",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:a",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
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            "polarity": "positive",
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          },
          "origin": "case_input",
          "package": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia"
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      ],
      "context": {
        "decisionTime": "0001-01-01T12:00:00+05:00",
        "knowledgeTime": "0001-01-01T12:00:00+05:00",
        "legalTime": "0001-01-01",
        "timezone": "Asia/Qyzylorda"
      },
      "options": {
        "selectedInterpretations": [
          "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DiogenesFifthReading"
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    },
    "ir": {
      "irSha256": "sha256:fe74cc4cf1cf095d9cbe414d6980569afdb8644cd13f23c0b1cf46a32f6e4176",
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      "nodeCount": 36,
      "packages": [
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          "package": "grc-stoic-indemonstrables",
          "semanticHash": "sha256:af1c08b281761cca9feb1539e6f9a3cd3e994853be9ee36a1909ab2350f8c7b2"
        }
      ],
      "programHash": "sha256:e2f4a762812ed3108f558e351eeaeff0a8aef1e08bb356e1e5c93d7c300833b4"
    },
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      "kind": "truth",
      "literal": {
        "args": [
          {
            "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
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          },
          {
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            "kind": "entity_ref"
          }
        ],
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        "polarity": "positive",
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      },
      "queryId": "urn:query:mcp"
    },
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}

Метаданные отображения

Блок слишком большой для встроенного просмотра. Он целиком включён в JSON документа — без сокращений.

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JSON · расчёты, источники и точные данные

{
  "acts": [
    {
      "contributed": false,
      "fragmentCount": 10,
      "fragments": [],
      "jurisdiction": "none",
      "namespace": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia",
      "package": "grc-stoic-indemonstrables",
      "title": "Пять стоических индемонстраблей по Диогену Лаэртскому и Сексту Эмпирику — вне юрисдикции государства — доктрина — EXECUTABLE 3 §33.1"
    }
  ],
  "caseHash": "sha256:848a076eea41b034ff204dc71568a364ced7b56038f47bd2a566d8b0a4951442",
  "codeHash": "sha256:9bcca6a33805c1c364ca1bc8e9d39d6a9c51ba44203c0406bafbf397b96be699",
  "jurisdiction": "вне юрисдикции государства",
  "legalTime": "0001-01-01",
  "mode": "audit",
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  "rustCodeHash": "sha256:d368cafc7162ed7a6563df5e5c943a57be26fa8aeb3179b530fe3bdd67fe9be4",
  "timezone": "Asia/Qyzylorda"
}

evaluation SHA-256: sha256:b7fb78cfc880178a21e278c21ae7e70544160638d5a820f0119f5ff3537b13f2

Исходные данные · JSON

{
  "args": [
    "urn:stoic:test:inference",
    "urn:stoic:test:b"
  ],
  "facts": [
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:inference",
        "urn:stoic:test:disjunction"
      ],
      "predicate": "major_premise"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:inference",
        "urn:stoic:test:not-a"
      ],
      "predicate": "minor_premise"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:inference",
        "urn:stoic:test:b"
      ],
      "predicate": "conclusion_requested"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:disjunction",
        "urn:stoic:test:a",
        "urn:stoic:test:b"
      ],
      "predicate": "is_exclusive_disjunction"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:not-a",
        "urn:stoic:test:a"
      ],
      "predicate": "is_negation_of"
    }
  ],
  "kind": "truth",
  "legalTime": "0001-01-01",
  "package": "grc-stoic-indemonstrables",
  "predicate": "licensed_conclusion",
  "proof": true,
  "selectedInterpretations": [
    "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DiogenesFifthReading"
  ]
}

Та же схема под прочтением Диогена не покрыта ни одним способом: свидетели расходятся, и машина не сглаживает расхождение.

Проверка условия

Большая посылка не того вида: конъюнкция вместо условия

Дата контекста 01.01.0001

Результат расчёта

Не установлено

Посылки правил

Правило: fifth indemonstrable in Diogenes' order: either first or second; not second; therefore first
- пропозиция предъявлена как малая посылка этого выводаinference, aустановлено
- для пропозиции проверяется, лицензирована ли она как заключениеinference, bустановлено
- пропозиция есть исключающая дизъюнкция first и secondboth, b, v3DEPENDS
- первая пропозиция есть противоречащее отрицание второйa, v3DEPENDS
- пропозиция предъявлена как большая посылка этого выводаinference, bothустановлено
Правило: fifth indemonstrable in Sextus' order: either first or second; not first; therefore second
- пропозиция предъявлена как малая посылка этого выводаinference, aустановлено
- пропозиция есть исключающая дизъюнкция first и secondboth, v2, bDEPENDS
- для пропозиции проверяется, лицензирована ли она как заключениеinference, bустановлено
- пропозиция предъявлена как большая посылка этого выводаinference, bothустановлено
- первая пропозиция есть противоречащее отрицание второйa, v2DEPENDS
Правило: first indemonstrable: if the first then the second; the first; therefore the second
- для пропозиции проверяется, лицензирована ли она как заключениеinference, bустановлено
- пропозиция предъявлена как большая посылка этого выводаinference, bothустановлено
- пропозиция имеет форму «если antecedent, то consequent»both, a, bфакт не подан и не выведен
- пропозиция предъявлена как малая посылка этого выводаinference, aустановлено
Правило: fourth indemonstrable: either the first or the second; the first; therefore not the second
- пропозиция есть исключающая дизъюнкция first и secondboth, a, bфакт не подан и не выведен
- для пропозиции проверяется, лицензирована ли она как заключениеinference, bустановлено
- пропозиция предъявлена как большая посылка этого выводаinference, bothустановлено
- пропозиция предъявлена как малая посылка этого выводаinference, aустановлено
Правило: second indemonstrable: if the first then the second; not the second; therefore not the first
- пропозиция предъявлена как малая посылка этого выводаinference, aустановлено
- для пропозиции проверяется, лицензирована ли она как заключениеinference, bустановлено
- первая пропозиция есть противоречащее отрицание второйa, v3DEPENDS
- пропозиция предъявлена как большая посылка этого выводаinference, bothустановлено
- пропозиция имеет форму «если antecedent, то consequent»both, b, v3DEPENDS

Исходные параметры

Что определяем

предъявленные посылки лицензируют пропозицию как заключение

inferenceb

Исходные факты

пропозиция предъявлена как большая посылка этого вывода
i: inferencep: both
пропозиция предъявлена как малая посылка этого вывода
i: inferencep: a
для пропозиции проверяется, лицензирована ли она как заключение
i: inferencep: b
пропозиция есть соединение first и second
p: bothfirst: asecond: b

Дополнительные сведения

Сохранить доказательство: Да
selectedInterpretations: DiogenesFifthReading

Исходные данные · JSON

{
  "args": [
    "urn:stoic:test:inference",
    "urn:stoic:test:b"
  ],
  "facts": [
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:inference",
        "urn:stoic:test:both"
      ],
      "predicate": "major_premise"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:inference",
        "urn:stoic:test:a"
      ],
      "predicate": "minor_premise"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:inference",
        "urn:stoic:test:b"
      ],
      "predicate": "conclusion_requested"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:both",
        "urn:stoic:test:a",
        "urn:stoic:test:b"
      ],
      "predicate": "is_conjunction"
    }
  ],
  "kind": "truth",
  "legalTime": "0001-01-01",
  "package": "grc-stoic-indemonstrables",
  "predicate": "licensed_conclusion",
  "proof": true,
  "selectedInterpretations": [
    "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DiogenesFifthReading"
  ]
}

Почему такой результатПрименённые правила и условия

Путь вывода1 шагов

1
Вычисление запроса
запрос

проверено движком: 1 · факт дела: 0 · Полный граф: 4 узлов

Почему вывод не состоялся5 правил

1
пятая схема по порядку Диогена: либо первое, либо второе; не второе; значит первое
Чего не хватает
- пропозиция предъявлена как малая посылка этого выводаinference, aУстановлено
- для пропозиции проверяется, лицензирована ли она как заключениеinference, bУстановлено
- пропозиция есть исключающая дизъюнкция first и secondboth, b, v3DEPENDS
- первая пропозиция есть противоречащее отрицание второйa, v3DEPENDS
- пропозиция предъявлена как большая посылка этого выводаinference, bothУстановлено
Источник: разд. 81
Идентификатор
urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#FifthIndemonstrableDiogenes
правило
2
пятая схема по порядку Секста: либо первое, либо второе; не первое; значит второе
Чего не хватает
- пропозиция предъявлена как малая посылка этого выводаinference, aУстановлено
- пропозиция есть исключающая дизъюнкция first и secondboth, v2, bDEPENDS
- для пропозиции проверяется, лицензирована ли она как заключениеinference, bУстановлено
- пропозиция предъявлена как большая посылка этого выводаinference, bothУстановлено
- первая пропозиция есть противоречащее отрицание второйa, v2DEPENDS
Источник: разд. 158, разд. 162
Идентификатор
urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#FifthIndemonstrableSextus
правило
3
первая схема: если первое, то второе; первое; значит второе
Чего не хватает
- для пропозиции проверяется, лицензирована ли она как заключениеinference, bУстановлено
- пропозиция предъявлена как большая посылка этого выводаinference, bothУстановлено
- пропозиция имеет форму «если antecedent, то consequent»both, a, bНе установлено
- пропозиция предъявлена как малая посылка этого выводаinference, aУстановлено
Источник: разд. 80, разд. 157, разд. 159
Идентификатор
urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#FirstIndemonstrable
правило
4
четвёртая схема: либо первое, либо второе; первое; значит не второе
Чего не хватает
- пропозиция есть исключающая дизъюнкция first и secondboth, a, bНе установлено
- для пропозиции проверяется, лицензирована ли она как заключениеinference, bУстановлено
- пропозиция предъявлена как большая посылка этого выводаinference, bothУстановлено
- пропозиция предъявлена как малая посылка этого выводаinference, aУстановлено
Источник: разд. 81, разд. 158, разд. 162
Идентификатор
urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#FourthIndemonstrable
правило
5
вторая схема: если первое, то второе; не второе; значит не первое
Чего не хватает
- пропозиция предъявлена как малая посылка этого выводаinference, aУстановлено
- для пропозиции проверяется, лицензирована ли она как заключениеinference, bУстановлено
- первая пропозиция есть противоречащее отрицание второйa, v3DEPENDS
- пропозиция предъявлена как большая посылка этого выводаinference, bothУстановлено
- пропозиция имеет форму «если antecedent, то consequent»both, b, v3DEPENDS
Источник: разд. 80, разд. 157, разд. 160
Идентификатор
urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SecondIndemonstrable
правило

Граф доказательств

Граф доказательства · 1 слой

Узлы доказательств: 4 · assertion 1, constraint_check 1, interpretation_selection 1, query_evaluation 1

assertion · urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-3

attributes

assertion: fact-3

conclusion

Аргументы

Идентификатор
inference
Тип
entity_ref
Идентификатор
b
Тип
entity_ref

Тип

literal

Знак

positive

Условие

conclusion_requested

evidence

—

Идентификатор

fact-3

Тип

assertion

Посылки

—

sourceAnchors

—

constraint_check · urn:proof:constraint:FiveIndemonstrablesExhaustive:fb99d619341931c30aefc09564172a20a1548bc47831bd86ddee874c5414f61d

attributes

—

conclusion

constraint: FiveIndemonstrablesExhaustive
requirementStatus: Не установлено
Статус расчёта: Не определено
triggerStatus: Соблюдено

evidence

—

Идентификатор

fb99d619341931c30aefc09564172a20a1548bc47831bd86ddee874c5414f61d

Тип

constraint_check

Посылки

fact-3

sourceAnchors

—

substitution

Идентификатор: inference
Тип: entity_ref

Идентификатор: b
Тип: entity_ref

interpretation_selection · urn:proof:interpretation-selection

attributes

—

conclusion

selected: DiogenesFifthReading

evidence

—

Идентификатор

interpretation-selection

Тип

interpretation_selection

Посылки

—

sourceAnchors

—

query_evaluation · urn:proof:query:mcp

attributes

—

conclusion

literal

Аргументы

Идентификатор
inference
Тип
entity_ref
Идентификатор
b
Тип
entity_ref

Тип

literal

Знак

positive

Условие

licensed_conclusion

truthStatus

Не установлено

evidence

—

Идентификатор

mcp

Тип

query_evaluation

Посылки

—

sourceAnchors

—

Идентификаторы календаря и доказательства

Ссылка на доказательство: mcp

Исходное обоснование · JSON

{
  "derivedOmitted": 0,
  "evaluation": {
    "proofGraph": {
      "nodes": [
        {
          "attributes": {
            "assertion": "urn:mcp:case#fact-3"
          },
          "conclusion": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:b",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#conclusion_requested"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-3",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {},
          "conclusion": {
            "constraint": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#FiveIndemonstrablesExhaustive",
            "requirementStatus": "NEITHER",
            "status": "UNDETERMINED",
            "triggerStatus": "SATISFIED"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:constraint:FiveIndemonstrablesExhaustive:fb99d619341931c30aefc09564172a20a1548bc47831bd86ddee874c5414f61d",
          "kind": "constraint_check",
          "premises": [
            "urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-3"
          ],
          "sourceAnchors": [],
          "substitution": {
            "v0": {
              "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            },
            "v1": {
              "id": "urn:stoic:test:b",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "attributes": {},
          "conclusion": {
            "selected": [
              "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DiogenesFifthReading"
            ]
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:interpretation-selection",
          "kind": "interpretation_selection",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        },
        {
          "attributes": {},
          "conclusion": {
            "literal": {
              "args": [
                {
                  "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
                  "kind": "entity_ref"
                },
                {
                  "id": "urn:stoic:test:b",
                  "kind": "entity_ref"
                }
              ],
              "kind": "literal",
              "polarity": "positive",
              "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#licensed_conclusion"
            },
            "truthStatus": "NEITHER"
          },
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:proof:query:mcp",
          "kind": "query_evaluation",
          "premises": [],
          "sourceAnchors": []
        }
      ],
      "proofHash": "sha256:e3c30d32f9acbdc847d7af2e672f2248d51eaa9963bdf3b81f13772e589f3abc",
      "roots": [
        "urn:proof:constraint:FiveIndemonstrablesExhaustive:fb99d619341931c30aefc09564172a20a1548bc47831bd86ddee874c5414f61d",
        "urn:proof:query:mcp"
      ]
    },
    "resultHash": "sha256:d48f4d7862b0cba5f15aac9b51f167294382811ab5ee7de8391d3d7fdb3c6bb2",
    "schemaVersion": "law.core.evaluation/0.2"
  },
  "proofRef": "urn:proof:query:mcp",
  "whyNot": [
    {
      "anchors": [
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DL_7_81"
      ],
      "computedHead": false,
      "label": "fifth indemonstrable in Diogenes' order: either first or second; not second; therefore first",
      "premises": [
        {
          "premise": "minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:a)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "note": "зависит от несвязанной переменной",
          "premise": "is_exclusive_disjunction(urn:stoic:test:both, urn:stoic:test:b, v3)",
          "status": "DEPENDS"
        },
        {
          "note": "зависит от несвязанной переменной",
          "premise": "is_negation_of(urn:stoic:test:a, v3)",
          "status": "DEPENDS"
        },
        {
          "premise": "major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:both)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        }
      ],
      "rule": "FifthIndemonstrableDiogenes"
    },
    {
      "anchors": [
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_158",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_162"
      ],
      "computedHead": false,
      "label": "fifth indemonstrable in Sextus' order: either first or second; not first; therefore second",
      "premises": [
        {
          "premise": "minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:a)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "note": "зависит от несвязанной переменной",
          "premise": "is_exclusive_disjunction(urn:stoic:test:both, v2, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "DEPENDS"
        },
        {
          "premise": "conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:both)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "note": "зависит от несвязанной переменной",
          "premise": "is_negation_of(urn:stoic:test:a, v2)",
          "status": "DEPENDS"
        }
      ],
      "rule": "FifthIndemonstrableSextus"
    },
    {
      "anchors": [
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DL_7_80",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_157",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_159"
      ],
      "computedHead": false,
      "label": "first indemonstrable: if the first then the second; the first; therefore the second",
      "premises": [
        {
          "premise": "conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:both)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "is_conditional(urn:stoic:test:both, urn:stoic:test:a, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "NEITHER"
        },
        {
          "premise": "minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:a)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        }
      ],
      "rule": "FirstIndemonstrable"
    },
    {
      "anchors": [
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DL_7_81",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_158",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_162"
      ],
      "computedHead": false,
      "label": "fourth indemonstrable: either the first or the second; the first; therefore not the second",
      "premises": [
        {
          "premise": "is_exclusive_disjunction(urn:stoic:test:both, urn:stoic:test:a, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "NEITHER"
        },
        {
          "premise": "conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:both)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:a)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        }
      ],
      "rule": "FourthIndemonstrable"
    },
    {
      "anchors": [
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DL_7_80",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_157",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_160"
      ],
      "computedHead": false,
      "label": "second indemonstrable: if the first then the second; not the second; therefore not the first",
      "premises": [
        {
          "premise": "minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:a)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "note": "зависит от несвязанной переменной",
          "premise": "is_negation_of(urn:stoic:test:a, v3)",
          "status": "DEPENDS"
        },
        {
          "premise": "major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:both)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "note": "зависит от несвязанной переменной",
          "premise": "is_conditional(urn:stoic:test:both, urn:stoic:test:b, v3)",
          "status": "DEPENDS"
        }
      ],
      "rule": "SecondIndemonstrable"
    }
  ]
}

ИсточникиФрагментов: 7

section/80

The first kind of indemonstrable statement is that in which the whole argument is constructed of a hypothetical proposition and the clause with which the hypothetical proposition begins, while the final clause is the conclusion; as e.g. If the first, then the second; but the first is, therefore the second is. The second is that which employs a hypothetical proposition and the contradictory of the consequent, while the conclusion is the contradictory of the antecedent; e.g. If it is day, it is light; but it is night, therefore it is not day. Here the minor premiss is the contradictory of the consequent; the conclusion the contradictory of the antecedent. The third kind of indemonstrable employs a conjunction of negative propositions for major premiss and one of the conjoined propositions for minor premiss, concluding thence the contradictory of the remaining proposition; e.g. It is not the case that Plato is both dead and alive; but he is dead, therefore Plato is not alive.

Исходные данные · JSON

{
  "contentHash": "sha256:9983edf22aaebb3cb637437eb139db44abd8ee8d39eff23b648c11ff1ae8517c",
  "edition": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DIOGENES_HICKS_1925",
  "fragmentKind": "section",
  "id": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DL_7_80",
  "kind": "fragment",
  "labels": [
    {
      "language": "en",
      "status": "official",
      "text": "Section 80"
    },
    {
      "language": "ru",
      "status": "translation",
      "text": "параграф 80"
    }
  ],
  "locator": "section/80",
  "package": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia",
  "texts": [
    {
      "contentHash": "sha256:50b37e93df0ac0157da42a9fabee6d3ac1847ce220f62fbe25ba439e3455391e",
      "language": "en",
      "status": "official",
      "text": "The first kind of indemonstrable statement is that in which the whole argument is constructed of a hypothetical proposition and the clause with which the hypothetical proposition begins, while the final clause is the conclusion; as e.g. If the first, then the second; but the first is, therefore the second is. The second is that which employs a hypothetical proposition and the contradictory of the consequent, while the conclusion is the contradictory of the antecedent; e.g. If it is day, it is light; but it is night, therefore it is not day. Here the minor premiss is the contradictory of the consequent; the conclusion the contradictory of the antecedent. The third kind of indemonstrable employs a conjunction of negative propositions for major premiss and one of the conjoined propositions for minor premiss, concluding thence the contradictory of the remaining proposition; e.g. It is not the case that Plato is both dead and alive; but he is dead, therefore Plato is not alive."
    }
  ]
}

section/81

The fourth kind employs a disjunctive proposition and one of the two alternatives in the disjunction as premisses, and its conclusion is the contradictory of the other alternative; e.g. Either A or B; but A is, therefore B is not. The fifth kind is that in which the argument as a whole is constructed of a disjunctive proposition and the contradictory of one of the alternatives in the disjunction, its conclusion being the other alternative; e.g. Either it is day or it is night; but it is not night, therefore it is day. From a truth a truth follows, according to the Stoics, as e.g. It is light from It is day; and from a falsehood a falsehood, as It is dark from It is night, if this latter be untrue. Also a truth may follow from a falsehood; e.g. from The earth flies will follow The earth exists; whereas from a truth no falsehood will follow, for from the existence of the earth it does not follow that the earth flies aloft.

Исходные данные · JSON

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      "text": "The fourth kind employs a disjunctive proposition and one of the two alternatives in the disjunction as premisses, and its conclusion is the contradictory of the other alternative; e.g. Either A or B; but A is, therefore B is not. The fifth kind is that in which the argument as a whole is constructed of a disjunctive proposition and the contradictory of one of the alternatives in the disjunction, its conclusion being the other alternative; e.g. Either it is day or it is night; but it is not night, therefore it is day. From a truth a truth follows, according to the Stoics, as e.g. It is light from It is day; and from a falsehood a falsehood, as It is dark from It is night, if this latter be untrue. Also a truth may follow from a falsehood; e.g. from The earth flies will follow The earth exists; whereas from a truth no falsehood will follow, for from the existence of the earth it does not follow that the earth flies aloft."
    }
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}

section/157

Now there are, in their imaginings, many non-demonstrable arguments, but the five which they chiefly propound, and to which all the rest can, it seems, be referred, are these. The first is that which deduces the consequent from the major premiss and the antecedent, as for example ‟If it is day, it is light; but in fact it is day; therefore it is light.” The second is that which deduces the opposite of the antecedent from the major premiss and the opposite of the consequent, as for example ‟If it is day, it is light; but it is not light; therefore it is not day.”

Исходные данные · JSON

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      "text": "Now there are, in their imaginings, many non-demonstrable arguments, but the five which they chiefly propound, and to which all the rest can, it seems, be referred, are these. The first is that which deduces the consequent from the major premiss and the antecedent, as for example ‟If it is day, it is light; but in fact it is day; therefore it is light.” The second is that which deduces the opposite of the antecedent from the major premiss and the opposite of the consequent, as for example ‟If it is day, it is light; but it is not light; therefore it is not day.”"
    }
  ]
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section/158

The third deduces from the negation of a coupled premiss and the affirmation of one of its clauses the opposite of the other clause, as for example ‟It is not both night and day; but it is day; therefore it is not night.” The fourth deduces from a disjunctive premiss and one of its alternative clauses the opposite of the other, as for example ‟Either it is day or it is night; but it is day; therefore it is not night.” The fifth deduces from a disjunctive premiss and the opposite of one of its clauses the other clause, as for example ‟Either it is day or it is night; but it is not night; therefore it is day.”

Исходные данные · JSON

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      "text": "The third deduces from the negation of a coupled premiss and the affirmation of one of its clauses the opposite of the other clause, as for example ‟It is not both night and day; but it is day; therefore it is not night.” The fourth deduces from a disjunctive premiss and one of its alternative clauses the opposite of the other, as for example ‟Either it is day or it is night; but it is day; therefore it is not night.” The fifth deduces from a disjunctive premiss and the opposite of one of its clauses the other clause, as for example ‟Either it is day or it is night; but it is not night; therefore it is day.”"
    }
  ]
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section/159

These, then, are the much talked of non-demonstrable arguments, but they all seem to me to be inconclusive through redundancy. Thus for instance, to begin with the first, either it is agreed, or else it is non-evident, that in the major premiss ‟If it is day, it is light,” the clause ‟it is light” follows from its antecedent ‟it is day.” But if this is non-evident, we shall not grant the major premiss as agreed; if, however, it is pre-evident that if the clause ‟it is day” be true, the clause ‟it is light” will necessarily be true also, then, once we have asserted that ‟it is day,” the statement ‟it is light” is also inferred, so that an argument in the form ‟It is day, therefore it is light” is sufficient, and the major premiss ‟If it is day, it is light” is redundant.

Исходные данные · JSON

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      "text": "These, then, are the much talked of non-demonstrable arguments, but they all seem to me to be inconclusive through redundancy. Thus for instance, to begin with the first, either it is agreed, or else it is non-evident, that in the major premiss ‟If it is day, it is light,” the clause ‟it is light” follows from its antecedent ‟it is day.” But if this is non-evident, we shall not grant the major premiss as agreed; if, however, it is pre-evident that if the clause ‟it is day” be true, the clause ‟it is light” will necessarily be true also, then, once we have asserted that ‟it is day,” the statement ‟it is light” is also inferred, so that an argument in the form ‟It is day, therefore it is light” is sufficient, and the major premiss ‟If it is day, it is light” is redundant."
    }
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section/160

And in the case of the second non-demonstrable argument we make a similar objection. For it is either possible or impossible for the antecedent to be true when the consequent is not true. But if this is possible, the major premiss will not be valid; while if it is impossible, at the moment of positing ‟Not the consequent” we posit also ‟Not the antecedent,” and the major premiss is redundant once again, the argument propounded being ‟It is not light, therefore it is not day.”

Исходные данные · JSON

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      "text": "And in the case of the second non-demonstrable argument we make a similar objection. For it is either possible or impossible for the antecedent to be true when the consequent is not true. But if this is possible, the major premiss will not be valid; while if it is impossible, at the moment of positing ‟Not the consequent” we posit also ‟Not the antecedent,” and the major premiss is redundant once again, the argument propounded being ‟It is not light, therefore it is not day.”"
    }
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section/162

And we deal in like manner with the fourth non-demonstrable argument and the fifth. For either it is pre-evident or it is non-evident that in the disjunctive premiss one clause is true, the other false, in complete contradiction, as the disjunctive proclaims. And if this is non-evident, we shall not grant the disjunctive; but if it is pre-evident, if one of its clauses be affirmed it is apparent that the other is not true, and if one is negated it is pre-evident that the other is true, so that it is sufficient to frame the argument thus—‟It is day, therefore it is not night,” or ‟It is not day, therefore it is night;” and the disjunctive premiss is redundant.

Исходные данные · JSON

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      "text": "And we deal in like manner with the fourth non-demonstrable argument and the fifth. For either it is pre-evident or it is non-evident that in the disjunctive premiss one clause is true, the other false, in complete contradiction, as the disjunctive proclaims. And if this is non-evident, we shall not grant the disjunctive; but if it is pre-evident, if one of its clauses be affirmed it is apparent that the other is not true, and if one is negated it is pre-evident that the other is true, so that it is sufficient to frame the argument thus—‟It is day, therefore it is not night,” or ‟It is not day, therefore it is night;” and the disjunctive premiss is redundant."
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}

Пакеты в снимке

Пять стоических индемонстраблей по Диогену Лаэртскому и Сексту Эмпирику — вне юрисдикции государства — доктрина — EXECUTABLE 3 §33.1

Технические данныеПолный ответ, параметры и контрольные суммы

Статус расчёта: COMPUTED

Полный ответ движка

licensed_conclusion: NEITHER — НЕ УСТАНОВЛЕНО: в формализованном праве нет ни подтверждения, ни опровержения (открытый мир §69) — это не «нет» Правило «fifth indemonstrable in Diogenes' order: either first or second; not second; therefore first» вывело бы это при посылках: ✓ minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:a) — TRUE_ONLY ✓ conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b) — TRUE_ONLY · is_exclusive_disjunction(urn:stoic:test:both, urn:stoic:test:b, v3) — DEPENDS · is_negation_of(urn:stoic:test:a, v3) — DEPENDS ✓ major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:both) — TRUE_ONLY Правило «fifth indemonstrable in Sextus' order: either first or second; not first; therefore second» вывело бы это при посылках: ✓ minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:a) — TRUE_ONLY · is_exclusive_disjunction(urn:stoic:test:both, v2, urn:stoic:test:b) — DEPENDS ✓ conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b) — TRUE_ONLY ✓ major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:both) — TRUE_ONLY · is_negation_of(urn:stoic:test:a, v2) — DEPENDS Правило «first indemonstrable: if the first then the second; the first; therefore the second» вывело бы это при посылках: ✓ conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b) — TRUE_ONLY ✓ major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:both) — TRUE_ONLY ? is_conditional(urn:stoic:test:both, urn:stoic:test:a, urn:stoic:test:b) — NEITHER ✓ minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:a) — TRUE_ONLY Правило «fourth indemonstrable: either the first or the second; the first; therefore not the second» вывело бы это при посылках: ? is_exclusive_disjunction(urn:stoic:test:both, urn:stoic:test:a, urn:stoic:test:b) — NEITHER ✓ conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b) — TRUE_ONLY ✓ major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:both) — TRUE_ONLY ✓ minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:a) — TRUE_ONLY Правило «second indemonstrable: if the first then the second; not the second; therefore not the first» вывело бы это при посылках: ✓ minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:a) — TRUE_ONLY ✓ conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b) — TRUE_ONLY · is_negation_of(urn:stoic:test:a, v3) — DEPENDS ✓ major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:both) — TRUE_ONLY · is_conditional(urn:stoic:test:both, urn:stoic:test:b, v3) — DEPENDS (? — факт не подан и не выведен; ✗ — установлено обратное) Полные правила с посылками: law_rules({"predicate": "licensed_conclusion"}) Право (вне юрисдикции государства): Пять стоических индемонстраблей по Диогену Лаэртскому и Сексту Эмпирику — доктрина — EXECUTABLE 3 §33.1 (programHash sha256:e2f4a762812e…) proof-граф: 4 узлов — поле evaluation готово для law_explain

Полный машинный результат · JSON

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            "text": "proposition: truth-apt content"
          },
          {
            "language": "grc",
            "status": "official",
            "text": "ἀξίωμα"
          },
          {
            "language": "ru",
            "status": "translation",
            "text": "пропозиция: содержание, способное быть истинным или ложным"
          }
        ],
        "namespace": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia",
        "package": "grc.stoici.indemonstrabilia"
      }
    },
    "vocab": {}
  },
  "vulnerableTo": [],
  "whyNot": [
    {
      "anchors": [
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DL_7_81"
      ],
      "computedHead": false,
      "label": "fifth indemonstrable in Diogenes' order: either first or second; not second; therefore first",
      "premises": [
        {
          "premise": "minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:a)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "note": "зависит от несвязанной переменной",
          "premise": "is_exclusive_disjunction(urn:stoic:test:both, urn:stoic:test:b, v3)",
          "status": "DEPENDS"
        },
        {
          "note": "зависит от несвязанной переменной",
          "premise": "is_negation_of(urn:stoic:test:a, v3)",
          "status": "DEPENDS"
        },
        {
          "premise": "major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:both)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        }
      ],
      "rule": "FifthIndemonstrableDiogenes"
    },
    {
      "anchors": [
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_158",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_162"
      ],
      "computedHead": false,
      "label": "fifth indemonstrable in Sextus' order: either first or second; not first; therefore second",
      "premises": [
        {
          "premise": "minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:a)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "note": "зависит от несвязанной переменной",
          "premise": "is_exclusive_disjunction(urn:stoic:test:both, v2, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "DEPENDS"
        },
        {
          "premise": "conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:both)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "note": "зависит от несвязанной переменной",
          "premise": "is_negation_of(urn:stoic:test:a, v2)",
          "status": "DEPENDS"
        }
      ],
      "rule": "FifthIndemonstrableSextus"
    },
    {
      "anchors": [
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DL_7_80",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_157",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_159"
      ],
      "computedHead": false,
      "label": "first indemonstrable: if the first then the second; the first; therefore the second",
      "premises": [
        {
          "premise": "conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:both)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "is_conditional(urn:stoic:test:both, urn:stoic:test:a, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "NEITHER"
        },
        {
          "premise": "minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:a)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        }
      ],
      "rule": "FirstIndemonstrable"
    },
    {
      "anchors": [
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DL_7_81",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_158",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_162"
      ],
      "computedHead": false,
      "label": "fourth indemonstrable: either the first or the second; the first; therefore not the second",
      "premises": [
        {
          "premise": "is_exclusive_disjunction(urn:stoic:test:both, urn:stoic:test:a, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "NEITHER"
        },
        {
          "premise": "conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:both)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:a)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        }
      ],
      "rule": "FourthIndemonstrable"
    },
    {
      "anchors": [
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DL_7_80",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_157",
        "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#SE_PH_2_160"
      ],
      "computedHead": false,
      "label": "second indemonstrable: if the first then the second; not the second; therefore not the first",
      "premises": [
        {
          "premise": "minor_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:a)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "premise": "conclusion_requested(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:b)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "note": "зависит от несвязанной переменной",
          "premise": "is_negation_of(urn:stoic:test:a, v3)",
          "status": "DEPENDS"
        },
        {
          "premise": "major_premise(urn:stoic:test:inference, urn:stoic:test:both)",
          "status": "TRUE_ONLY"
        },
        {
          "note": "зависит от несвязанной переменной",
          "premise": "is_conditional(urn:stoic:test:both, urn:stoic:test:b, v3)",
          "status": "DEPENDS"
        }
      ],
      "rule": "SecondIndemonstrable"
    }
  ]
}

Исполнение · JSON

{
  "evaluationBytes": "{\"conflicts\":[],\"issues\":[],\"manifest\":{\"artifactHash\":\"sha256:b418b3116ecb48441412cb51484854ec4e1694f79e57b5479592cb1ab6a60e74\",\"calendarSnapshot\":\"\",\"caseHash\":\"sha256:c81c773838f88649f889a6b9640f595c9a93e84e4c19cb775f1d8edf8696fb65\",\"decisionTime\":\"0001-01-01T12:00:00+05:00\",\"evidenceSnapshotHash\":\"sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\",\"externalSnapshots\":{},\"id\":\"urn:manifest:oracle-1\",\"interpretations\":[\"urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DiogenesFifthReading\"],\"knowledgeTime\":\"0001-01-01T12:00:00+05:00\",\"legalTime\":\"0001-01-01\",\"lockfileHash\":\"sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\",\"mode\":\"audit\",\"policies\":{},\"programHash\":\"sha256:e2f4a762812ed3108f558e351eeaeff0a8aef1e08bb356e1e5c93d7c300833b4\",\"resolvedEditions\":{},\"semanticHash\":\"sha256:631091188dcab576211c998fb846ce0c8a71289185cf05a942d1eb9f54f26fa9\",\"semantics\":\"law.core/0.2\",\"theoryHash\":\"sha256:e2f4a762812ed3108f558e351eeaeff0a8aef1e08bb356e1e5c93d7c300833b4\",\"timezone\":\"Asia/Qyzylorda\"},\"positions\":[],\"proofGraph\":{\"nodes\":[{\"attributes\":{\"assertion\":\"urn:mcp:case#fact-3\"},\"conclusion\":{\"args\":[{\"id\":\"urn:stoic:test:inference\",\"kind\":\"entity_ref\"},{\"id\":\"urn:stoic:test:b\",\"kind\":\"entity_ref\"}],\"kind\":\"literal\",\"polarity\":\"positive\",\"predicate\":\"urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#conclusion_requested\"},\"evidence\":[],\"id\":\"urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-3\",\"kind\":\"assertion\",\"premises\":[],\"sourceAnchors\":[]},{\"attributes\":{},\"conclusion\":{\"constraint\":\"urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#FiveIndemonstrablesExhaustive\",\"requirementStatus\":\"NEITHER\",\"status\":\"UNDETERMINED\",\"triggerStatus\":\"SATISFIED\"},\"evidence\":[],\"id\":\"urn:proof:constraint:FiveIndemonstrablesExhaustive:fb99d619341931c30aefc09564172a20a1548bc47831bd86ddee874c5414f61d\",\"kind\":\"constraint_check\",\"premises\":[\"urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-3\"],\"sourceAnchors\":[],\"substitution\":{\"v0\":{\"id\":\"urn:stoic:test:inference\",\"kind\":\"entity_ref\"},\"v1\":{\"id\":\"urn:stoic:test:b\",\"kind\":\"entity_ref\"}}},{\"attributes\":{},\"conclusion\":{\"selected\":[\"urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DiogenesFifthReading\"]},\"evidence\":[],\"id\":\"urn:proof:interpretation-selection\",\"kind\":\"interpretation_selection\",\"premises\":[],\"sourceAnchors\":[]},{\"attributes\":{},\"conclusion\":{\"literal\":{\"args\":[{\"id\":\"urn:stoic:test:inference\",\"kind\":\"entity_ref\"},{\"id\":\"urn:stoic:test:b\",\"kind\":\"entity_ref\"}],\"kind\":\"literal\",\"polarity\":\"positive\",\"predicate\":\"urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#licensed_conclusion\"},\"truthStatus\":\"NEITHER\"},\"evidence\":[],\"id\":\"urn:proof:query:mcp\",\"kind\":\"query_evaluation\",\"premises\":[],\"sourceAnchors\":[]}],\"proofHash\":\"sha256:e3c30d32f9acbdc847d7af2e672f2248d51eaa9963bdf3b81f13772e589f3abc\",\"roots\":[\"urn:proof:constraint:FiveIndemonstrablesExhaustive:fb99d619341931c30aefc09564172a20a1548bc47831bd86ddee874c5414f61d\",\"urn:proof:query:mcp\"]},\"resultHash\":\"sha256:d48f4d7862b0cba5f15aac9b51f167294382811ab5ee7de8391d3d7fdb3c6bb2\",\"results\":[{\"conflicts\":[],\"evaluationStatus\":\"COMPUTED\",\"evidence\":[],\"id\":\"urn:result:mcp\",\"judgmentRequests\":[],\"manifest\":\"urn:manifest:oracle-1\",\"missingInputs\":[],\"normativeStatusSupports\":[],\"proof\":\"urn:proof:query:mcp\",\"query\":\"urn:query:mcp\",\"resultKind\":\"PROPOSITION\",\"sourceAnchors\":[],\"target\":\"urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#licensed_conclusion\",\"truthStatus\":\"NEITHER\"},{\"applicabilityStatus\":\"APPLICABLE\",\"conflicts\":[],\"evaluationStatus\":\"COMPUTED\",\"evidence\":[],\"id\":\"urn:result:constraint:FiveIndemonstrablesExhaustive:d35b6427b75c7a5e\",\"judgmentRequests\":[],\"manifest\":\"urn:manifest:oracle-1\",\"missingInputs\":[{\"description\":\"urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#licensed_conclusion: опора не установлена (§93.2)\",\"id\":\"urn:result:constraint:FiveIndemonstrablesExhaustive:d35b6427b75c7a5e:input:0\",\"kind\":\"fact\",\"relatedNode\":\"urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#licensed_conclusion\"},{\"description\":\"urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#licensed_conclusion: опора не установлена (§93.2)\",\"id\":\"urn:result:constraint:FiveIndemonstrablesExhaustive:d35b6427b75c7a5e:input:1\",\"kind\":\"fact\",\"relatedNode\":\"urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#licensed_conclusion\"}],\"normativeStatus\":\"UNDETERMINED\",\"normativeStatusSupports\":[],\"proof\":\"urn:proof:constraint:FiveIndemonstrablesExhaustive:fb99d619341931c30aefc09564172a20a1548bc47831bd86ddee874c5414f61d\",\"query\":\"urn:query:mcp\",\"resultKind\":\"CONSTRAINT\",\"sourceAnchors\":[],\"target\":\"urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#FiveIndemonstrablesExhaustive\",\"triggerStatus\":\"SATISFIED\",\"truthStatus\":\"NEITHER\"}],\"schemaVersion\":\"law.core.evaluation/0.2\"}",
  "evaluationSha256": "sha256:53f9420179eae4b439dd1777719bdb7183bd3316671551341bf229b9a4d6892f",
  "request": {
    "case": {
      "assertions": [
        {
          "contentHash": "sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:mcp:case#fact-1",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "literal": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:both",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#major_premise"
          },
          "origin": "case_input",
          "package": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia"
        },
        {
          "contentHash": "sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:mcp:case#fact-2",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "literal": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:a",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#minor_premise"
          },
          "origin": "case_input",
          "package": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia"
        },
        {
          "contentHash": "sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:mcp:case#fact-3",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "literal": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:b",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#conclusion_requested"
          },
          "origin": "case_input",
          "package": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia"
        },
        {
          "contentHash": "sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
          "evidence": [],
          "id": "urn:mcp:case#fact-4",
          "kind": "assertion",
          "literal": {
            "args": [
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:both",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:a",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              },
              {
                "id": "urn:stoic:test:b",
                "kind": "entity_ref"
              }
            ],
            "kind": "literal",
            "polarity": "positive",
            "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#is_conjunction"
          },
          "origin": "case_input",
          "package": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia"
        }
      ],
      "context": {
        "decisionTime": "0001-01-01T12:00:00+05:00",
        "knowledgeTime": "0001-01-01T12:00:00+05:00",
        "legalTime": "0001-01-01",
        "timezone": "Asia/Qyzylorda"
      },
      "options": {
        "selectedInterpretations": [
          "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DiogenesFifthReading"
        ]
      }
    },
    "ir": {
      "irSha256": "sha256:fe74cc4cf1cf095d9cbe414d6980569afdb8644cd13f23c0b1cf46a32f6e4176",
      "kind": "world_ref",
      "nodeCount": 36,
      "packages": [
        {
          "artifactHash": "sha256:b418b3116ecb48441412cb51484854ec4e1694f79e57b5479592cb1ab6a60e74",
          "namespace": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia",
          "package": "grc-stoic-indemonstrables",
          "semanticHash": "sha256:af1c08b281761cca9feb1539e6f9a3cd3e994853be9ee36a1909ab2350f8c7b2"
        }
      ],
      "programHash": "sha256:e2f4a762812ed3108f558e351eeaeff0a8aef1e08bb356e1e5c93d7c300833b4"
    },
    "query": {
      "kind": "truth",
      "literal": {
        "args": [
          {
            "id": "urn:stoic:test:inference",
            "kind": "entity_ref"
          },
          {
            "id": "urn:stoic:test:b",
            "kind": "entity_ref"
          }
        ],
        "kind": "literal",
        "polarity": "positive",
        "predicate": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#licensed_conclusion"
      },
      "queryId": "urn:query:mcp"
    },
    "schemaVersion": "law.core.evaluation-request/0.2",
    "semanticVersion": "0.2"
  },
  "requestCanonicalSha256": "sha256:94ea67d31a5cdcf7b9a22170dde95b7d05c77f947170b997da8c75621edd8d67"
}

Метаданные отображения

Блок слишком большой для встроенного просмотра. Он целиком включён в JSON документа — без сокращений.

Скачать JSON ↓

JSON · расчёты, источники и точные данные

{
  "acts": [
    {
      "contributed": false,
      "fragmentCount": 10,
      "fragments": [],
      "jurisdiction": "none",
      "namespace": "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia",
      "package": "grc-stoic-indemonstrables",
      "title": "Пять стоических индемонстраблей по Диогену Лаэртскому и Сексту Эмпирику — вне юрисдикции государства — доктрина — EXECUTABLE 3 §33.1"
    }
  ],
  "caseHash": "sha256:c81c773838f88649f889a6b9640f595c9a93e84e4c19cb775f1d8edf8696fb65",
  "codeHash": "sha256:9bcca6a33805c1c364ca1bc8e9d39d6a9c51ba44203c0406bafbf397b96be699",
  "jurisdiction": "вне юрисдикции государства",
  "legalTime": "0001-01-01",
  "mode": "audit",
  "programHash": "sha256:e2f4a762812ed3108f558e351eeaeff0a8aef1e08bb356e1e5c93d7c300833b4",
  "resultHash": "sha256:d48f4d7862b0cba5f15aac9b51f167294382811ab5ee7de8391d3d7fdb3c6bb2",
  "rustCodeHash": "sha256:d368cafc7162ed7a6563df5e5c943a57be26fa8aeb3179b530fe3bdd67fe9be4",
  "timezone": "Asia/Qyzylorda"
}

evaluation SHA-256: sha256:53f9420179eae4b439dd1777719bdb7183bd3316671551341bf229b9a4d6892f

Исходные данные · JSON

{
  "args": [
    "urn:stoic:test:inference",
    "urn:stoic:test:b"
  ],
  "facts": [
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:inference",
        "urn:stoic:test:both"
      ],
      "predicate": "major_premise"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:inference",
        "urn:stoic:test:a"
      ],
      "predicate": "minor_premise"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:inference",
        "urn:stoic:test:b"
      ],
      "predicate": "conclusion_requested"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:stoic:test:both",
        "urn:stoic:test:a",
        "urn:stoic:test:b"
      ],
      "predicate": "is_conjunction"
    }
  ],
  "kind": "truth",
  "legalTime": "0001-01-01",
  "package": "grc-stoic-indemonstrables",
  "predicate": "licensed_conclusion",
  "proof": true,
  "selectedInterpretations": [
    "urn:grc:stoici:clir:indemonstrabilia#DiogenesFifthReading"
  ]
}

Конъюнкция в большой посылке не подходит ни одному из пяти способов: вывод не установлен и не опровергнут.

Как сослаться

Снимок неизменяем: его закрепляет SHA-256 скачиваемого JSON, поэтому дата обращения не нужна.

Текст ссылки

«Пять стоических недоказуемых умозаключений: что дозволено вывести из условной, отрицательной и разделительной посылок, и почему пятый способ читается у Диогена Лаэртского и Секста Эмпирика по-разному?». Arxo Lens, по состоянию на 01.01.0001. https://lens.arxo.io/a/a_ZrYQb6jjh0UfDG_8exoNdYuI. SHA-256 снимка: 07162f616c97e6a6c23e98067dbba2e522fb9f0f710cc606c0fae2a740e5f55b.

BibTeX

@misc{arxo-lens-a_ZrYQb6jjh0Uf,
  title = {Пять стоических недоказуемых умозаключений: что дозволено вывести из условной, отрицательной и разделительной посылок, и почему пятый способ читается у Диогена Лаэртского и Секста Эмпирика по-разному?},
  howpublished = {Arxo Lens},
  url = {https://lens.arxo.io/a/a_ZrYQb6jjh0UfDG_8exoNdYuI},
  note = {по состоянию на 01.01.0001; SHA-256 07162f616c97e6a6c23e98067dbba2e522fb9f0f710cc606c0fae2a740e5f55b}
}

Код для вставки

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