Является ли хлороводород HCl кислотой? Один и тот же случай по трём определениям: Аррениуса, Брёнстеда—Лоури и Льюиса.

Факты дела одни и те же: HCl растворяется в воде и даёт катионы водорода, отдаёт протон и не принимает электронную пару. По Аррениусу и по Брёнстеду он кислота, по Льюису — нет. Ответ меняется не из-за фактов, а из-за выбранного определения: слово «кислота» в учебнике имеет три значения, и модель требует назвать одно из них прежде, чем отвечать.

This is an assistant explanation, not a calculation result. Check the grounds and sources below.

At a glance

Select a result to explore its grounds

Прочтение АррениусаConditionEstablishedExecution: ComputedLogical result: Established Прочтение Брёнстеда—ЛоуриConditionEstablishedExecution: ComputedLogical result: Established Прочтение ЛьюисаConditionRefutedExecution: ComputedLogical result: Refuted

Calculation comparison

	Прочтение Аррениуса	Прочтение Брёнстеда—Лоури	Прочтение Льюиса
Result	TRUE_ONLY	TRUE_ONLY	FALSE_ONLY
Law as of	2026-09-06	2026-09-06	2026-09-06
Reading	ArrheniusReading	BronstedReading	LewisReading

Detailed analysis

Condition

Прочтение Аррениуса

Jurisdiction правопорядок не объявлен; основная юрисдикция корпуса — Республика КазахстанLaw as of 2026-09-06

Calculation result

Established

Input parameters

What we are finding

the species is an acid under the selected reading

hcl

Input facts

chemical species
s: hcl
Subject shared by the facts below
the species is presented by the case as the subject of the question
the species dissolves in water
on dissolving in water the species yields hydrogen cations
the species donates a proton to another compound
Negated: the species accepts an electron pair forming a coordinate covalent bond

Package: Кислота и основание: три определения одного термина прочтениями §152 — Аррениус, Брёнстед—Лоури, Льюис — доктрина

Additional details

selectedInterpretations: ArrheniusReading

Original data · JSON

{
  "args": [
    "urn:case:chem:hcl"
  ],
  "facts": [
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:case:chem:hcl"
      ],
      "package": "openstax-chemistry-acids",
      "predicate": "species_in_question"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:case:chem:hcl"
      ],
      "package": "openstax-chemistry-acids",
      "predicate": "dissolves_in_water"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:case:chem:hcl"
      ],
      "package": "openstax-chemistry-acids",
      "predicate": "yields_hydrogen_cation"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:case:chem:hcl"
      ],
      "package": "openstax-chemistry-acids",
      "predicate": "donates_proton"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:case:chem:hcl"
      ],
      "negated": true,
      "package": "openstax-chemistry-acids",
      "predicate": "accepts_electron_pair"
    }
  ],
  "kind": "truth",
  "legalTime": "2026-09-06",
  "package": "chem-acid-base",
  "predicate": "is_acid",
  "selectedInterpretations": [
    "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#ArrheniusReading"
  ]
}

Why this resultApplied rules and conditions

Derivation path5 steps

1
the species dissolves in water
s: urn:case:chem:hcl
case fact
2
on dissolving in water the species yields hydrogen cations
s: urn:case:chem:hcl
case fact
3
a compound that dissolves in water to yield hydrogen cations is an Arrhenius acid
Arrhenius acid: yields hydrogen cations in water: s: urn:case:chem:hcl
Identifier
urn:chem:clir:acid-base#ArrheniusAcidYieldsHydrogenCation
rule
4
under the Arrhenius reading, an acid is an Arrhenius acid
the species is an acid under the selected reading: s: urn:case:chem:hcl
Identifier
urn:chem:clir:acid-base#ArrheniusReading/AcidIsArrheniusAcid
rule
5
Query evaluation
query

verified by the engine: 3 · case fact: 2 · Full graph: 12 nodes

Steps of the saved proof from the case facts to the answer. Formulas are shown as written in the norm with bound values substituted; the page recomputes nothing.

Basis of this answer

Rules on the saved proof path for this answer.

Кислота и основание: три определения одного термина прочтениями §152 — Аррениус, Брёнстед—Лоури, Льюис — доктрина

a compound that dissolves in water to yield hydrogen cations is an Arrhenius acid
Identifier
urn:chem:clir:acid-base#ArrheniusAcidYieldsHydrogenCation
under the Arrhenius reading, an acid is an Arrhenius acid
Identifier
urn:chem:clir:acid-base#ArrheniusReading/AcidIsArrheniusAcid

Other rules in the evaluation3

Applied in the overall evaluation, but not on the proof path for this answer.

Кислота и основание: три определения одного термина прочтениями §152 — Аррениус, Брёнстед—Лоури, Льюис — доктрина

the Brønsted-Lowry description is more general: every Arrhenius acid is a Brønsted-Lowry acid
Identifier
urn:chem:clir:acid-base#ArrheniusAcidIsBronstedAcid
a compound that donates a proton is a Brønsted-Lowry acid
Identifier
urn:chem:clir:acid-base#BronstedAcidDonatesProton
a presented species whose electron-pair acceptance is refuted is not a Lewis acid
Identifier
urn:chem:clir:acid-base#NotLewisAcidWithoutAcceptance

Derived result for this query

the species is an acid under the selected reading
s: hcl

Other derived facts3

Arrhenius acid: yields hydrogen cations in water
s: hcl
Brønsted-Lowry acid: proton donor
s: hcl
Original data · JSON
JSONRead only
```
"не lewis_acid(urn:case:chem:hcl)"
```

Arrhenius acid: yields hydrogen cations in water
s
urn:case:chem:hcl

Brønsted-Lowry acid: proton donor
s
urn:case:chem:hcl

the species is an acid under the selected reading
s
urn:case:chem:hcl

0 further derived facts are not shown: the engine keeps the ones relevant to the question in its compact answer. The full list is in the calculation JSON below.

Calendar and proof identifiers

Proof reference: mcp

Original reasoning · JSON

{
  "derived": [
    "arrhenius_acid(urn:case:chem:hcl)",
    "bronsted_acid(urn:case:chem:hcl)",
    "is_acid(urn:case:chem:hcl)",
    "не lewis_acid(urn:case:chem:hcl)"
  ],
  "derivedOmitted": 0,
  "proofRef": "urn:proof:query:mcp",
  "rulesApplied": [
    "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#ArrheniusAcidIsBronstedAcid",
    "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#ArrheniusAcidYieldsHydrogenCation",
    "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#ArrheniusReading/AcidIsArrheniusAcid",
    "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#BronstedAcidDonatesProton",
    "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#NotLewisAcidWithoutAcceptance"
  ]
}

SourcesTexts not saved

Source texts were not saved in this snapshot.

Packages in the snapshot

Кислота и основание: три определения одного термина прочтениями §152 — Аррениус, Брёнстед—Лоури, Льюис — доктрина
OpenStax Chemistry 2e, гл. 14 и §15.2: словарь частиц и ролей кислотно-основного равновесия — вне юрисдикции государства — доктрина

Technical dataFull response, parameters and checksums

Calculation status: COMPUTED

Full engine response

is_acid: TRUE_ONLY — установлено Выведено правом: arrhenius_acid(urn:case:chem:hcl); bronsted_acid(urn:case:chem:hcl); is_acid(urn:case:chem:hcl); не lewis_acid(urn:case:chem:hcl) Применены правила: ArrheniusAcidIsBronstedAcid, ArrheniusAcidYieldsHydrogenCation, ArrheniusReading/AcidIsArrheniusAcid, BronstedAcidDonatesProton, NotLewisAcidWithoutAcceptance Право (правопорядок не объявлен; основная юрисдикция корпуса — Республика Казахстан): Кислота и основание: три определения одного термина прочтениями §152 — Аррениус, Брёнстед—Лоури, Льюис — доктрина (programHash sha256:ab5a9045fc28…) Вместе с актами: OpenStax Chemistry 2e, гл. 14 и §15.2: словарь частиц и ролей кислотно-основного равновесия — вне юрисдикции государства — доктрина

Complete machine result · JSON

{
  "answer": {
    "evaluationStatus": "COMPUTED",
    "kind": "TRUTH",
    "meaning": "установлено",
    "missingInputs": [],
    "truthStatus": "TRUE_ONLY"
  },
  "closedEditionRules": [],
  "derived": [
    "arrhenius_acid(urn:case:chem:hcl)",
    "bronsted_acid(urn:case:chem:hcl)",
    "is_acid(urn:case:chem:hcl)",
    "не lewis_acid(urn:case:chem:hcl)"
  ],
  "derivedOmitted": 0,
  "evaluationStatus": "COMPUTED",
  "issues": [],
  "judgmentRequests": [],
  "proofRef": "urn:proof:query:mcp",
  "provenance": {
    "acts": [
      {
        "contributed": true,
        "fragmentCount": 0,
        "fragments": [],
        "jurisdiction": null,
        "namespace": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base",
        "package": "chem-acid-base",
        "title": "Кислота и основание: три определения одного термина прочтениями §152 — Аррениус, Брёнстед—Лоури, Льюис — доктрина"
      },
      {
        "contributed": false,
        "fragmentCount": 23,
        "fragments": [],
        "jurisdiction": "none",
        "namespace": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids",
        "package": "openstax-chemistry-acids",
        "title": "OpenStax Chemistry 2e, гл. 14 и §15.2: словарь частиц и ролей кислотно-основного равновесия — вне юрисдикции государства — доктрина"
      }
    ],
    "caseHash": "sha256:152d993b71c6e6ebdf4b5172d877f2d261b74f0bbe0e33670ac824dc12b9d32c",
    "codeHash": "sha256:e15010f5d380ca41876098bbfb889c90716b9f5dc8973165a2a72df02161b064",
    "jurisdiction": "правопорядок не объявлен; основная юрисдикция корпуса — Республика Казахстан",
    "legalTime": "2026-09-06",
    "mode": "audit",
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    "resultHash": "sha256:6dced39b59a77cf2f3663c7bdf680ba2e524a4c82abc37e560a873ec1f627cb0",
    "rustCodeHash": "sha256:c172d647ee1fb2dd60ac4bea8c2dcd98e5b9bcf7c1a3ae2623f63a0ccf716474",
    "timezone": "Asia/Qyzylorda"
  },
  "rulesApplied": [
    "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#ArrheniusAcidIsBronstedAcid",
    "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#ArrheniusAcidYieldsHydrogenCation",
    "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#ArrheniusReading/AcidIsArrheniusAcid",
    "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#BronstedAcidDonatesProton",
    "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#NotLewisAcidWithoutAcceptance"
  ],
  "signature": {
    "constants": {},
    "parameters": [
      {
        "labels": [],
        "name": "s",
        "type": {
          "name": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids#Species"
        }
      }
    ],
    "predicate": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#is_acid",
    "schemaVersion": "law.answers.signature/0.1",
    "types": {
      "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids#Species": {
        "kind": "entity",
        "labels": [
          {
            "language": "en",
            "status": "unofficial",
            "text": "chemical species"
          },
          {
            "language": "ru",
            "status": "unofficial",
            "text": "химическая частица"
          }
        ],
        "namespace": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids",
        "package": "openstax.chemistry_acids"
      }
    },
    "vocab": {}
  },
  "vulnerableTo": [],
  "whyNot": []
}

Execution · JSON

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  "evaluationSha256": "sha256:ed23bdf49b59b988f24f8c99c96ff1ca5634f08238a365341ff69ff3c6e8d82e",
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      "labels": [
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          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "the Brønsted-Lowry description is more general: every Arrhenius acid is a Brønsted-Lowry acid"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "определение Брёнстеда—Лоури общее: всякая кислота Аррениуса — кислота Брёнстеда"
        }
      ],
      "package": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base",
      "strength": "strict"
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          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "a compound that dissolves in water to yield hydrogen cations is an Arrhenius acid"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "растворяющаяся в воде частица, дающая катионы водорода, — кислота Аррениуса"
        }
      ],
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      "strength": "strict"
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      "kind": "interpretation",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "Arrhenius reading: an acid yields hydrogen cations in water"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "прочтение Аррениуса: кислота — то, что даёт в воде катионы водорода"
        }
      ],
      "package": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base"
    },
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      "id": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#ArrheniusReading/AcidIsArrheniusAcid",
      "kind": "rule",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "under the Arrhenius reading, an acid is an Arrhenius acid"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "по прочтению Аррениуса кислота — кислота Аррениуса"
        }
      ],
      "package": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base",
      "strength": "strict"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#BronstedAcidDonatesProton",
      "kind": "rule",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "a compound that donates a proton is a Brønsted-Lowry acid"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "отдающая протон частица — кислота Брёнстеда—Лоури"
        }
      ],
      "package": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base",
      "strength": "strict"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#NotLewisAcidWithoutAcceptance",
      "kind": "rule",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "a presented species whose electron-pair acceptance is refuted is not a Lewis acid"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "предъявленная частица с опровергнутой акцепторностью пары — не кислота Льюиса"
        }
      ],
      "package": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base",
      "strength": "strict"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#arrhenius_acid",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "Arrhenius acid: yields hydrogen cations in water"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "кислота по Аррениусу: в воде даёт катионы водорода"
        }
      ],
      "name": "arrhenius_acid",
      "package": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base",
      "parameters": [
        {
          "id": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#arrhenius_acid/arg/s",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "s",
          "type": {
            "name": "openstax.chemistry_acids#Species"
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        }
      ],
      "symbolKind": "relation"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#bronsted_acid",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "Brønsted-Lowry acid: proton donor"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "кислота по Брёнстеду—Лоури: донор протона"
        }
      ],
      "name": "bronsted_acid",
      "package": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base",
      "parameters": [
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          "labels": [],
          "name": "s",
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      ],
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    },
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      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "the species is an acid under the selected reading"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "частица признаётся кислотой по выбранному прочтению"
        }
      ],
      "name": "is_acid",
      "package": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base",
      "parameters": [
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      ],
      "symbolKind": "relation"
    },
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      "id": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#lewis_acid",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
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          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "Lewis acid: electron-pair acceptor"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "кислота по Льюису: акцептор электронной пары"
        }
      ],
      "name": "lewis_acid",
      "package": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base",
      "parameters": [
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          "name": "s",
          "type": {
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    },
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      "kind": "type_decl",
      "labels": [
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          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "chemical species"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "химическая частица"
        }
      ],
      "name": "Species",
      "package": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids#accepts_electron_pair",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "the species accepts an electron pair forming a coordinate covalent bond"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "частица принимает пару электронов и образует координационную связь"
        }
      ],
      "name": "accepts_electron_pair",
      "package": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids",
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    },
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      "labels": [
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          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "the species dissolves in water"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "частица растворяется в воде"
        }
      ],
      "name": "dissolves_in_water",
      "package": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids",
      "parameters": [
        {
          "id": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids#dissolves_in_water/arg/s",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "s",
          "type": {
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      ],
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    },
    {
      "id": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids#donates_proton",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "the species donates a proton to another compound"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "частица отдаёт протон другой частице"
        }
      ],
      "name": "donates_proton",
      "package": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids",
      "parameters": [
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          "labels": [],
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          "type": {
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          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "the species is presented by the case as the subject of the question"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "частица предъявлена делом как предмет вопроса"
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        },
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          "text": "при растворении в воде частица даёт катион водорода"
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JSON · calculations, sources and exact data

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evaluation SHA-256: sha256:ed23bdf49b59b988f24f8c99c96ff1ca5634f08238a365341ff69ff3c6e8d82e

Original data · JSON

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  "args": [
    "urn:case:chem:hcl"
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  "facts": [
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:case:chem:hcl"
      ],
      "package": "openstax-chemistry-acids",
      "predicate": "species_in_question"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:case:chem:hcl"
      ],
      "package": "openstax-chemistry-acids",
      "predicate": "dissolves_in_water"
    },
    {
      "args": [
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      "package": "openstax-chemistry-acids",
      "predicate": "yields_hydrogen_cation"
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    {
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      "package": "openstax-chemistry-acids",
      "predicate": "donates_proton"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:case:chem:hcl"
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      "negated": true,
      "package": "openstax-chemistry-acids",
      "predicate": "accepts_electron_pair"
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  ],
  "kind": "truth",
  "legalTime": "2026-09-06",
  "package": "chem-acid-base",
  "predicate": "is_acid",
  "selectedInterpretations": [
    "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#ArrheniusReading"
  ]
}

По Аррениусу кислота — то, что в водном растворе даёт катионы водорода. Дело это утверждает, и кислотность установлена.

Condition

Прочтение Брёнстеда—Лоури

Jurisdiction правопорядок не объявлен; основная юрисдикция корпуса — Республика КазахстанLaw as of 2026-09-06

Calculation result

Established

Input parameters

What we are finding

the species is an acid under the selected reading

hcl

Input facts

chemical species
s: hcl
Subject shared by the facts below
the species is presented by the case as the subject of the question
the species dissolves in water
on dissolving in water the species yields hydrogen cations
the species donates a proton to another compound
Negated: the species accepts an electron pair forming a coordinate covalent bond

Additional details

selectedInterpretations: BronstedReading

Original data · JSON

{
  "args": [
    "urn:case:chem:hcl"
  ],
  "facts": [
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:case:chem:hcl"
      ],
      "package": "openstax-chemistry-acids",
      "predicate": "species_in_question"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:case:chem:hcl"
      ],
      "package": "openstax-chemistry-acids",
      "predicate": "dissolves_in_water"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:case:chem:hcl"
      ],
      "package": "openstax-chemistry-acids",
      "predicate": "yields_hydrogen_cation"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:case:chem:hcl"
      ],
      "package": "openstax-chemistry-acids",
      "predicate": "donates_proton"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:case:chem:hcl"
      ],
      "negated": true,
      "package": "openstax-chemistry-acids",
      "predicate": "accepts_electron_pair"
    }
  ],
  "kind": "truth",
  "legalTime": "2026-09-06",
  "package": "chem-acid-base",
  "predicate": "is_acid",
  "selectedInterpretations": [
    "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#BronstedReading"
  ]
}

Why this resultApplied rules and conditions

Derivation path4 steps

1
the species donates a proton to another compound
s: urn:case:chem:hcl
case fact
2
a compound that donates a proton is a Brønsted-Lowry acid
Brønsted-Lowry acid: proton donor: s: urn:case:chem:hcl
Identifier
urn:chem:clir:acid-base#BronstedAcidDonatesProton
rule
3
under the Brønsted-Lowry reading, an acid is a Brønsted-Lowry acid
the species is an acid under the selected reading: s: urn:case:chem:hcl
Identifier
urn:chem:clir:acid-base#BronstedReading/AcidIsBronstedAcid
rule
4
Query evaluation
query

verified by the engine: 3 · case fact: 1 · Full graph: 12 nodes

Steps of the saved proof from the case facts to the answer. Formulas are shown as written in the norm with bound values substituted; the page recomputes nothing.

Basis of this answer

Rules on the saved proof path for this answer.

Кислота и основание: три определения одного термина прочтениями §152 — Аррениус, Брёнстед—Лоури, Льюис — доктрина

a compound that donates a proton is a Brønsted-Lowry acid
Identifier
urn:chem:clir:acid-base#BronstedAcidDonatesProton
under the Brønsted-Lowry reading, an acid is a Brønsted-Lowry acid
Identifier
urn:chem:clir:acid-base#BronstedReading/AcidIsBronstedAcid

Other rules in the evaluation3

Applied in the overall evaluation, but not on the proof path for this answer.

Кислота и основание: три определения одного термина прочтениями §152 — Аррениус, Брёнстед—Лоури, Льюис — доктрина

the Brønsted-Lowry description is more general: every Arrhenius acid is a Brønsted-Lowry acid
Identifier
urn:chem:clir:acid-base#ArrheniusAcidIsBronstedAcid
a compound that dissolves in water to yield hydrogen cations is an Arrhenius acid
Identifier
urn:chem:clir:acid-base#ArrheniusAcidYieldsHydrogenCation
a presented species whose electron-pair acceptance is refuted is not a Lewis acid
Identifier
urn:chem:clir:acid-base#NotLewisAcidWithoutAcceptance

Derived result for this query

the species is an acid under the selected reading
s: hcl

Other derived facts3

Arrhenius acid: yields hydrogen cations in water
s: hcl
Brønsted-Lowry acid: proton donor
s: hcl
Original data · JSON
JSONRead only
```
"не lewis_acid(urn:case:chem:hcl)"
```

Arrhenius acid: yields hydrogen cations in water
s
urn:case:chem:hcl

Brønsted-Lowry acid: proton donor
s
urn:case:chem:hcl

the species is an acid under the selected reading
s
urn:case:chem:hcl

0 further derived facts are not shown: the engine keeps the ones relevant to the question in its compact answer. The full list is in the calculation JSON below.

Calendar and proof identifiers

Proof reference: mcp

Original reasoning · JSON

{
  "derived": [
    "arrhenius_acid(urn:case:chem:hcl)",
    "bronsted_acid(urn:case:chem:hcl)",
    "is_acid(urn:case:chem:hcl)",
    "не lewis_acid(urn:case:chem:hcl)"
  ],
  "derivedOmitted": 0,
  "proofRef": "urn:proof:query:mcp",
  "rulesApplied": [
    "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#ArrheniusAcidIsBronstedAcid",
    "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#ArrheniusAcidYieldsHydrogenCation",
    "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#BronstedAcidDonatesProton",
    "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#BronstedReading/AcidIsBronstedAcid",
    "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#NotLewisAcidWithoutAcceptance"
  ]
}

SourcesTexts not saved

Source texts were not saved in this snapshot.

Packages in the snapshot

Кислота и основание: три определения одного термина прочтениями §152 — Аррениус, Брёнстед—Лоури, Льюис — доктрина
OpenStax Chemistry 2e, гл. 14 и §15.2: словарь частиц и ролей кислотно-основного равновесия — вне юрисдикции государства — доктрина

Technical dataFull response, parameters and checksums

Calculation status: COMPUTED

Full engine response

is_acid: TRUE_ONLY — установлено Выведено правом: arrhenius_acid(urn:case:chem:hcl); bronsted_acid(urn:case:chem:hcl); is_acid(urn:case:chem:hcl); не lewis_acid(urn:case:chem:hcl) Применены правила: ArrheniusAcidIsBronstedAcid, ArrheniusAcidYieldsHydrogenCation, BronstedAcidDonatesProton, BronstedReading/AcidIsBronstedAcid, NotLewisAcidWithoutAcceptance Право (правопорядок не объявлен; основная юрисдикция корпуса — Республика Казахстан): Кислота и основание: три определения одного термина прочтениями §152 — Аррениус, Брёнстед—Лоури, Льюис — доктрина (programHash sha256:ab5a9045fc28…) Вместе с актами: OpenStax Chemistry 2e, гл. 14 и §15.2: словарь частиц и ролей кислотно-основного равновесия — вне юрисдикции государства — доктрина

Complete machine result · JSON

{
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    "kind": "TRUTH",
    "meaning": "установлено",
    "missingInputs": [],
    "truthStatus": "TRUE_ONLY"
  },
  "closedEditionRules": [],
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    "arrhenius_acid(urn:case:chem:hcl)",
    "bronsted_acid(urn:case:chem:hcl)",
    "is_acid(urn:case:chem:hcl)",
    "не lewis_acid(urn:case:chem:hcl)"
  ],
  "derivedOmitted": 0,
  "evaluationStatus": "COMPUTED",
  "issues": [],
  "judgmentRequests": [],
  "proofRef": "urn:proof:query:mcp",
  "provenance": {
    "acts": [
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        "contributed": true,
        "fragmentCount": 0,
        "fragments": [],
        "jurisdiction": null,
        "namespace": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base",
        "package": "chem-acid-base",
        "title": "Кислота и основание: три определения одного термина прочтениями §152 — Аррениус, Брёнстед—Лоури, Льюис — доктрина"
      },
      {
        "contributed": false,
        "fragmentCount": 23,
        "fragments": [],
        "jurisdiction": "none",
        "namespace": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids",
        "package": "openstax-chemistry-acids",
        "title": "OpenStax Chemistry 2e, гл. 14 и §15.2: словарь частиц и ролей кислотно-основного равновесия — вне юрисдикции государства — доктрина"
      }
    ],
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    "timezone": "Asia/Qyzylorda"
  },
  "rulesApplied": [
    "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#ArrheniusAcidIsBronstedAcid",
    "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#ArrheniusAcidYieldsHydrogenCation",
    "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#BronstedAcidDonatesProton",
    "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#BronstedReading/AcidIsBronstedAcid",
    "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#NotLewisAcidWithoutAcceptance"
  ],
  "signature": {
    "constants": {},
    "parameters": [
      {
        "labels": [],
        "name": "s",
        "type": {
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        }
      }
    ],
    "predicate": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#is_acid",
    "schemaVersion": "law.answers.signature/0.1",
    "types": {
      "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids#Species": {
        "kind": "entity",
        "labels": [
          {
            "language": "en",
            "status": "unofficial",
            "text": "chemical species"
          },
          {
            "language": "ru",
            "status": "unofficial",
            "text": "химическая частица"
          }
        ],
        "namespace": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids",
        "package": "openstax.chemistry_acids"
      }
    },
    "vocab": {}
  },
  "vulnerableTo": [],
  "whyNot": []
}

Execution · JSON

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      "premises": [
        "urn:proof:apply:BronstedReading/AcidIsBronstedAcid:c7aebc30aa55a5600e0c5896b62ef8ef836bbfa93c5eadca56c90fbab8930763"
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  "symbols": [
    {
      "id": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#ArrheniusAcidIsBronstedAcid",
      "kind": "rule",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "the Brønsted-Lowry description is more general: every Arrhenius acid is a Brønsted-Lowry acid"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "определение Брёнстеда—Лоури общее: всякая кислота Аррениуса — кислота Брёнстеда"
        }
      ],
      "package": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base",
      "strength": "strict"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#ArrheniusAcidYieldsHydrogenCation",
      "kind": "rule",
      "labels": [
        {
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          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "a compound that dissolves in water to yield hydrogen cations is an Arrhenius acid"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "растворяющаяся в воде частица, дающая катионы водорода, — кислота Аррениуса"
        }
      ],
      "package": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base",
      "strength": "strict"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#BronstedAcidDonatesProton",
      "kind": "rule",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "a compound that donates a proton is a Brønsted-Lowry acid"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "отдающая протон частица — кислота Брёнстеда—Лоури"
        }
      ],
      "package": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base",
      "strength": "strict"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#BronstedReading",
      "kind": "interpretation",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "Brønsted-Lowry reading: an acid is a proton donor"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "прочтение Брёнстеда—Лоури: кислота — донор протона"
        }
      ],
      "package": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#BronstedReading/AcidIsBronstedAcid",
      "kind": "rule",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "under the Brønsted-Lowry reading, an acid is a Brønsted-Lowry acid"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "по прочтению Брёнстеда кислота — кислота Брёнстеда"
        }
      ],
      "package": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base",
      "strength": "strict"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#NotLewisAcidWithoutAcceptance",
      "kind": "rule",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "a presented species whose electron-pair acceptance is refuted is not a Lewis acid"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "предъявленная частица с опровергнутой акцепторностью пары — не кислота Льюиса"
        }
      ],
      "package": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base",
      "strength": "strict"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#arrhenius_acid",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "Arrhenius acid: yields hydrogen cations in water"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "кислота по Аррениусу: в воде даёт катионы водорода"
        }
      ],
      "name": "arrhenius_acid",
      "package": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base",
      "parameters": [
        {
          "id": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#arrhenius_acid/arg/s",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "s",
          "type": {
            "name": "openstax.chemistry_acids#Species"
          }
        }
      ],
      "symbolKind": "relation"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#bronsted_acid",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "Brønsted-Lowry acid: proton donor"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "кислота по Брёнстеду—Лоури: донор протона"
        }
      ],
      "name": "bronsted_acid",
      "package": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base",
      "parameters": [
        {
          "id": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#bronsted_acid/arg/s",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "s",
          "type": {
            "name": "openstax.chemistry_acids#Species"
          }
        }
      ],
      "symbolKind": "relation"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#is_acid",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "the species is an acid under the selected reading"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "частица признаётся кислотой по выбранному прочтению"
        }
      ],
      "name": "is_acid",
      "package": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base",
      "parameters": [
        {
          "id": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#is_acid/arg/s",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "s",
          "type": {
            "name": "openstax.chemistry_acids#Species"
          }
        }
      ],
      "symbolKind": "relation"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#lewis_acid",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "Lewis acid: electron-pair acceptor"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "кислота по Льюису: акцептор электронной пары"
        }
      ],
      "name": "lewis_acid",
      "package": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base",
      "parameters": [
        {
          "id": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#lewis_acid/arg/s",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "s",
          "type": {
            "name": "openstax.chemistry_acids#Species"
          }
        }
      ],
      "symbolKind": "relation"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids#Species",
      "kind": "type_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "chemical species"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "химическая частица"
        }
      ],
      "name": "Species",
      "package": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids#accepts_electron_pair",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "the species accepts an electron pair forming a coordinate covalent bond"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "частица принимает пару электронов и образует координационную связь"
        }
      ],
      "name": "accepts_electron_pair",
      "package": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids",
      "parameters": [
        {
          "id": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids#accepts_electron_pair/arg/s",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "s",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids#Species"
          }
        }
      ],
      "symbolKind": "relation"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids#dissolves_in_water",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "the species dissolves in water"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "частица растворяется в воде"
        }
      ],
      "name": "dissolves_in_water",
      "package": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids",
      "parameters": [
        {
          "id": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids#dissolves_in_water/arg/s",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "s",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids#Species"
          }
        }
      ],
      "symbolKind": "relation"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids#donates_proton",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "the species donates a proton to another compound"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "частица отдаёт протон другой частице"
        }
      ],
      "name": "donates_proton",
      "package": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids",
      "parameters": [
        {
          "id": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids#donates_proton/arg/s",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "s",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids#Species"
          }
        }
      ],
      "symbolKind": "relation"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids#species_in_question",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "the species is presented by the case as the subject of the question"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "частица предъявлена делом как предмет вопроса"
        }
      ],
      "name": "species_in_question",
      "package": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids",
      "parameters": [
        {
          "id": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids#species_in_question/arg/s",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "s",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids#Species"
          }
        }
      ],
      "symbolKind": "relation"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids#yields_hydrogen_cation",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "on dissolving in water the species yields hydrogen cations"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "при растворении в воде частица даёт катион водорода"
        }
      ],
      "name": "yields_hydrogen_cation",
      "package": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids",
      "parameters": [
        {
          "id": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids#yields_hydrogen_cation/arg/s",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "s",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids#Species"
          }
        }
      ],
      "symbolKind": "relation"
    }
  ],
  "tables": []
}

JSON · calculations, sources and exact data

{
  "acts": [
    {
      "contributed": true,
      "fragmentCount": 0,
      "fragments": [],
      "jurisdiction": null,
      "namespace": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base",
      "package": "chem-acid-base",
      "title": "Кислота и основание: три определения одного термина прочтениями §152 — Аррениус, Брёнстед—Лоури, Льюис — доктрина"
    },
    {
      "contributed": false,
      "fragmentCount": 23,
      "fragments": [],
      "jurisdiction": "none",
      "namespace": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids",
      "package": "openstax-chemistry-acids",
      "title": "OpenStax Chemistry 2e, гл. 14 и §15.2: словарь частиц и ролей кислотно-основного равновесия — вне юрисдикции государства — доктрина"
    }
  ],
  "caseHash": "sha256:2e507608678574912bfe7ddbe8225c3fb2dc0ec1ae5b60814c92defc79049914",
  "codeHash": "sha256:e15010f5d380ca41876098bbfb889c90716b9f5dc8973165a2a72df02161b064",
  "jurisdiction": "правопорядок не объявлен; основная юрисдикция корпуса — Республика Казахстан",
  "legalTime": "2026-09-06",
  "mode": "audit",
  "programHash": "sha256:ab5a9045fc28f2ba3422726fa62e1081af930cee62d8b64c3be74a1369b5b19b",
  "resultHash": "sha256:b3e0301149ece52156cd7f4308f92402eea74138e01fb0fa1759c658f91b6eca",
  "rustCodeHash": "sha256:c172d647ee1fb2dd60ac4bea8c2dcd98e5b9bcf7c1a3ae2623f63a0ccf716474",
  "timezone": "Asia/Qyzylorda"
}

evaluation SHA-256: sha256:0a3c516ac3602cf7328244203d414bd5a5e288c11a0eca9035e7491d10259c2c

Original data · JSON

{
  "args": [
    "urn:case:chem:hcl"
  ],
  "facts": [
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:case:chem:hcl"
      ],
      "package": "openstax-chemistry-acids",
      "predicate": "species_in_question"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:case:chem:hcl"
      ],
      "package": "openstax-chemistry-acids",
      "predicate": "dissolves_in_water"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:case:chem:hcl"
      ],
      "package": "openstax-chemistry-acids",
      "predicate": "yields_hydrogen_cation"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:case:chem:hcl"
      ],
      "package": "openstax-chemistry-acids",
      "predicate": "donates_proton"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:case:chem:hcl"
      ],
      "negated": true,
      "package": "openstax-chemistry-acids",
      "predicate": "accepts_electron_pair"
    }
  ],
  "kind": "truth",
  "legalTime": "2026-09-06",
  "package": "chem-acid-base",
  "predicate": "is_acid",
  "selectedInterpretations": [
    "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#BronstedReading"
  ]
}

По Брёнстеду—Лоури кислота — донор протона. HCl отдаёт протон, и кислотность установлена.

Condition

Прочтение Льюиса

Jurisdiction правопорядок не объявлен; основная юрисдикция корпуса — Республика КазахстанLaw as of 2026-09-06

Calculation result

Refuted

Input parameters

What we are finding

the species is an acid under the selected reading

hcl

Input facts

chemical species
s: hcl
Subject shared by the facts below
the species is presented by the case as the subject of the question
the species dissolves in water
on dissolving in water the species yields hydrogen cations
the species donates a proton to another compound
Negated: the species accepts an electron pair forming a coordinate covalent bond

Additional details

selectedInterpretations: LewisReading

Original data · JSON

{
  "args": [
    "urn:case:chem:hcl"
  ],
  "facts": [
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:case:chem:hcl"
      ],
      "package": "openstax-chemistry-acids",
      "predicate": "species_in_question"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:case:chem:hcl"
      ],
      "package": "openstax-chemistry-acids",
      "predicate": "dissolves_in_water"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:case:chem:hcl"
      ],
      "package": "openstax-chemistry-acids",
      "predicate": "yields_hydrogen_cation"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:case:chem:hcl"
      ],
      "package": "openstax-chemistry-acids",
      "predicate": "donates_proton"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:case:chem:hcl"
      ],
      "negated": true,
      "package": "openstax-chemistry-acids",
      "predicate": "accepts_electron_pair"
    }
  ],
  "kind": "truth",
  "legalTime": "2026-09-06",
  "package": "chem-acid-base",
  "predicate": "is_acid",
  "selectedInterpretations": [
    "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#LewisReading"
  ]
}

Why this resultApplied rules and conditions

Derivation path5 steps

1
the species is presented by the case as the subject of the question
s: urn:case:chem:hcl
case fact
2
the species accepts an electron pair forming a coordinate covalent bond
not the species accepts an electron pair forming a coordinate covalent bond: s: urn:case:chem:hcl
case fact
3
a presented species whose electron-pair acceptance is refuted is not a Lewis acid
not Lewis acid: electron-pair acceptor: s: urn:case:chem:hcl
Identifier
urn:chem:clir:acid-base#NotLewisAcidWithoutAcceptance
rule
4
under the Lewis reading, a refuted Lewis acid is not an acid
not the species is an acid under the selected reading: s: urn:case:chem:hcl
Identifier
urn:chem:clir:acid-base#LewisReading/NotAcidUnderLewis
rule
5
Query evaluation
query

verified by the engine: 3 · case fact: 2 · Full graph: 12 nodes

Steps of the saved proof from the case facts to the answer. Formulas are shown as written in the norm with bound values substituted; the page recomputes nothing.

Basis of this answer

Rules on the saved proof path for this answer.

Кислота и основание: три определения одного термина прочтениями §152 — Аррениус, Брёнстед—Лоури, Льюис — доктрина

under the Lewis reading, a refuted Lewis acid is not an acid
Identifier
urn:chem:clir:acid-base#LewisReading/NotAcidUnderLewis
a presented species whose electron-pair acceptance is refuted is not a Lewis acid
Identifier
urn:chem:clir:acid-base#NotLewisAcidWithoutAcceptance

Other rules in the evaluation3

Applied in the overall evaluation, but not on the proof path for this answer.

Кислота и основание: три определения одного термина прочтениями §152 — Аррениус, Брёнстед—Лоури, Льюис — доктрина

the Brønsted-Lowry description is more general: every Arrhenius acid is a Brønsted-Lowry acid
Identifier
urn:chem:clir:acid-base#ArrheniusAcidIsBronstedAcid
a compound that dissolves in water to yield hydrogen cations is an Arrhenius acid
Identifier
urn:chem:clir:acid-base#ArrheniusAcidYieldsHydrogenCation
a compound that donates a proton is a Brønsted-Lowry acid
Identifier
urn:chem:clir:acid-base#BronstedAcidDonatesProton

Other derived facts4

Arrhenius acid: yields hydrogen cations in water
s: hcl
Brønsted-Lowry acid: proton donor
s: hcl
Original data · JSON
JSONRead only
```
"не lewis_acid(urn:case:chem:hcl)"
```
Original data · JSON
JSONRead only
```
"не is_acid(urn:case:chem:hcl)"
```

Arrhenius acid: yields hydrogen cations in water
s
urn:case:chem:hcl

Brønsted-Lowry acid: proton donor
s
urn:case:chem:hcl

0 further derived facts are not shown: the engine keeps the ones relevant to the question in its compact answer. The full list is in the calculation JSON below.

Calendar and proof identifiers

Proof reference: mcp

Original reasoning · JSON

{
  "derived": [
    "arrhenius_acid(urn:case:chem:hcl)",
    "bronsted_acid(urn:case:chem:hcl)",
    "не lewis_acid(urn:case:chem:hcl)",
    "не is_acid(urn:case:chem:hcl)"
  ],
  "derivedOmitted": 0,
  "proofRef": "urn:proof:query:mcp",
  "rulesApplied": [
    "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#ArrheniusAcidIsBronstedAcid",
    "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#ArrheniusAcidYieldsHydrogenCation",
    "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#BronstedAcidDonatesProton",
    "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#LewisReading/NotAcidUnderLewis",
    "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#NotLewisAcidWithoutAcceptance"
  ]
}

SourcesTexts not saved

Source texts were not saved in this snapshot.

Packages in the snapshot

Кислота и основание: три определения одного термина прочтениями §152 — Аррениус, Брёнстед—Лоури, Льюис — доктрина
OpenStax Chemistry 2e, гл. 14 и §15.2: словарь частиц и ролей кислотно-основного равновесия — вне юрисдикции государства — доктрина

Technical dataFull response, parameters and checksums

Calculation status: COMPUTED

Full engine response

is_acid: FALSE_ONLY — опровергнуто Выведено правом: arrhenius_acid(urn:case:chem:hcl); bronsted_acid(urn:case:chem:hcl); не lewis_acid(urn:case:chem:hcl); не is_acid(urn:case:chem:hcl) Применены правила: ArrheniusAcidIsBronstedAcid, ArrheniusAcidYieldsHydrogenCation, BronstedAcidDonatesProton, LewisReading/NotAcidUnderLewis, NotLewisAcidWithoutAcceptance Право (правопорядок не объявлен; основная юрисдикция корпуса — Республика Казахстан): Кислота и основание: три определения одного термина прочтениями §152 — Аррениус, Брёнстед—Лоури, Льюис — доктрина (programHash sha256:ab5a9045fc28…) Вместе с актами: OpenStax Chemistry 2e, гл. 14 и §15.2: словарь частиц и ролей кислотно-основного равновесия — вне юрисдикции государства — доктрина

Complete machine result · JSON

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        "title": "Кислота и основание: три определения одного термина прочтениями §152 — Аррениус, Брёнстед—Лоури, Льюис — доктрина"
      },
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        "package": "openstax-chemistry-acids",
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    "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#NotLewisAcidWithoutAcceptance"
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      }
    ],
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Execution · JSON

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      "rule": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#NotLewisAcidWithoutAcceptance",
      "strength": "strict",
      "substitution": {
        "v0": {
          "id": "urn:case:chem:hcl",
          "kind": "entity_ref"
        }
      },
      "trust": "engine",
      "variables": [
        {
          "id": "v0",
          "type": {
            "name": "openstax.chemistry_acids#Species"
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "conclusion": {
        "args": [
          {
            "id": "urn:case:chem:hcl",
            "kind": "entity_ref"
          }
        ],
        "kind": "literal",
        "polarity": "negative",
        "predicate": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#is_acid"
      },
      "head": {
        "args": [
          {
            "kind": "var",
            "var": "v0"
          }
        ],
        "kind": "literal",
        "polarity": "negative",
        "predicate": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#is_acid"
      },
      "id": "urn:proof:apply:LewisReading/NotAcidUnderLewis:74b936a829a91e77f005b91cb39885f73f5871e34aa344dac215e397e2c20cc3",
      "kind": "rule_application",
      "premises": [
        "urn:proof:apply:NotLewisAcidWithoutAcceptance:04f50aa546881b6c1b6841f8b35baa24831a17fe9aba58335c67d653b1410ae9",
        "urn:proof:assert:urn:mcp:case#fact-1"
      ],
      "rule": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#LewisReading/NotAcidUnderLewis",
      "strength": "strict",
      "substitution": {
        "v0": {
          "id": "urn:case:chem:hcl",
          "kind": "entity_ref"
        }
      },
      "trust": "engine",
      "variables": [
        {
          "id": "v0",
          "type": {
            "name": "openstax.chemistry_acids#Species"
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "conclusion": {
        "literal": {
          "args": [
            {
              "id": "urn:case:chem:hcl",
              "kind": "entity_ref"
            }
          ],
          "kind": "literal",
          "polarity": "positive",
          "predicate": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#is_acid"
        },
        "truthStatus": "FALSE_ONLY"
      },
      "id": "urn:proof:query:mcp",
      "kind": "query_evaluation",
      "premises": [
        "urn:proof:apply:LewisReading/NotAcidUnderLewis:74b936a829a91e77f005b91cb39885f73f5871e34aa344dac215e397e2c20cc3"
      ],
      "trust": "engine"
    }
  ],
  "symbols": [
    {
      "id": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#ArrheniusAcidIsBronstedAcid",
      "kind": "rule",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "the Brønsted-Lowry description is more general: every Arrhenius acid is a Brønsted-Lowry acid"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "определение Брёнстеда—Лоури общее: всякая кислота Аррениуса — кислота Брёнстеда"
        }
      ],
      "package": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base",
      "strength": "strict"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#ArrheniusAcidYieldsHydrogenCation",
      "kind": "rule",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "a compound that dissolves in water to yield hydrogen cations is an Arrhenius acid"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "растворяющаяся в воде частица, дающая катионы водорода, — кислота Аррениуса"
        }
      ],
      "package": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base",
      "strength": "strict"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#BronstedAcidDonatesProton",
      "kind": "rule",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "a compound that donates a proton is a Brønsted-Lowry acid"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "отдающая протон частица — кислота Брёнстеда—Лоури"
        }
      ],
      "package": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base",
      "strength": "strict"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#LewisReading",
      "kind": "interpretation",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "Lewis reading: an acid is an electron-pair acceptor"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "прочтение Льюиса: кислота — акцептор электронной пары"
        }
      ],
      "package": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#LewisReading/NotAcidUnderLewis",
      "kind": "rule",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "under the Lewis reading, a refuted Lewis acid is not an acid"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "по прочтению Льюиса опровергнутая кислотность Льюиса опровергает кислотность"
        }
      ],
      "package": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base",
      "strength": "strict"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#NotLewisAcidWithoutAcceptance",
      "kind": "rule",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "a presented species whose electron-pair acceptance is refuted is not a Lewis acid"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "предъявленная частица с опровергнутой акцепторностью пары — не кислота Льюиса"
        }
      ],
      "package": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base",
      "strength": "strict"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#arrhenius_acid",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "Arrhenius acid: yields hydrogen cations in water"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "кислота по Аррениусу: в воде даёт катионы водорода"
        }
      ],
      "name": "arrhenius_acid",
      "package": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base",
      "parameters": [
        {
          "id": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#arrhenius_acid/arg/s",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "s",
          "type": {
            "name": "openstax.chemistry_acids#Species"
          }
        }
      ],
      "symbolKind": "relation"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#bronsted_acid",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "Brønsted-Lowry acid: proton donor"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "кислота по Брёнстеду—Лоури: донор протона"
        }
      ],
      "name": "bronsted_acid",
      "package": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base",
      "parameters": [
        {
          "id": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#bronsted_acid/arg/s",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "s",
          "type": {
            "name": "openstax.chemistry_acids#Species"
          }
        }
      ],
      "symbolKind": "relation"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#is_acid",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "the species is an acid under the selected reading"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "частица признаётся кислотой по выбранному прочтению"
        }
      ],
      "name": "is_acid",
      "package": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base",
      "parameters": [
        {
          "id": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#is_acid/arg/s",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "s",
          "type": {
            "name": "openstax.chemistry_acids#Species"
          }
        }
      ],
      "symbolKind": "relation"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#lewis_acid",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "Lewis acid: electron-pair acceptor"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "кислота по Льюису: акцептор электронной пары"
        }
      ],
      "name": "lewis_acid",
      "package": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base",
      "parameters": [
        {
          "id": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#lewis_acid/arg/s",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "s",
          "type": {
            "name": "openstax.chemistry_acids#Species"
          }
        }
      ],
      "symbolKind": "relation"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids#Species",
      "kind": "type_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "chemical species"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "химическая частица"
        }
      ],
      "name": "Species",
      "package": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids#accepts_electron_pair",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "the species accepts an electron pair forming a coordinate covalent bond"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "частица принимает пару электронов и образует координационную связь"
        }
      ],
      "name": "accepts_electron_pair",
      "package": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids",
      "parameters": [
        {
          "id": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids#accepts_electron_pair/arg/s",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "s",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids#Species"
          }
        }
      ],
      "symbolKind": "relation"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids#dissolves_in_water",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "the species dissolves in water"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "частица растворяется в воде"
        }
      ],
      "name": "dissolves_in_water",
      "package": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids",
      "parameters": [
        {
          "id": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids#dissolves_in_water/arg/s",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "s",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids#Species"
          }
        }
      ],
      "symbolKind": "relation"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids#donates_proton",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "the species donates a proton to another compound"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "частица отдаёт протон другой частице"
        }
      ],
      "name": "donates_proton",
      "package": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids",
      "parameters": [
        {
          "id": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids#donates_proton/arg/s",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "s",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids#Species"
          }
        }
      ],
      "symbolKind": "relation"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids#species_in_question",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "the species is presented by the case as the subject of the question"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "частица предъявлена делом как предмет вопроса"
        }
      ],
      "name": "species_in_question",
      "package": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids",
      "parameters": [
        {
          "id": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids#species_in_question/arg/s",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "s",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids#Species"
          }
        }
      ],
      "symbolKind": "relation"
    },
    {
      "id": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids#yields_hydrogen_cation",
      "kind": "symbol_decl",
      "labels": [
        {
          "language": "en",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "on dissolving in water the species yields hydrogen cations"
        },
        {
          "language": "ru",
          "status": "unofficial",
          "text": "при растворении в воде частица даёт катион водорода"
        }
      ],
      "name": "yields_hydrogen_cation",
      "package": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids",
      "parameters": [
        {
          "id": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids#yields_hydrogen_cation/arg/s",
          "labels": [],
          "name": "s",
          "type": {
            "name": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids#Species"
          }
        }
      ],
      "symbolKind": "relation"
    }
  ],
  "tables": []
}

JSON · calculations, sources and exact data

{
  "acts": [
    {
      "contributed": true,
      "fragmentCount": 0,
      "fragments": [],
      "jurisdiction": null,
      "namespace": "urn:chem:clir:acid-base",
      "package": "chem-acid-base",
      "title": "Кислота и основание: три определения одного термина прочтениями §152 — Аррениус, Брёнстед—Лоури, Льюис — доктрина"
    },
    {
      "contributed": false,
      "fragmentCount": 23,
      "fragments": [],
      "jurisdiction": "none",
      "namespace": "urn:openstax:clir:chemistry-acids",
      "package": "openstax-chemistry-acids",
      "title": "OpenStax Chemistry 2e, гл. 14 и §15.2: словарь частиц и ролей кислотно-основного равновесия — вне юрисдикции государства — доктрина"
    }
  ],
  "caseHash": "sha256:25a8ad89f49c8e7644145365c808979a88b639b29e4e8a24cd689d84ea17ac14",
  "codeHash": "sha256:e15010f5d380ca41876098bbfb889c90716b9f5dc8973165a2a72df02161b064",
  "jurisdiction": "правопорядок не объявлен; основная юрисдикция корпуса — Республика Казахстан",
  "legalTime": "2026-09-06",
  "mode": "audit",
  "programHash": "sha256:ab5a9045fc28f2ba3422726fa62e1081af930cee62d8b64c3be74a1369b5b19b",
  "resultHash": "sha256:0ddf4814300565ac0d33219fd217ef894fdbcb3a79eca49349d2f44f5bee4fbb",
  "rustCodeHash": "sha256:c172d647ee1fb2dd60ac4bea8c2dcd98e5b9bcf7c1a3ae2623f63a0ccf716474",
  "timezone": "Asia/Qyzylorda"
}

evaluation SHA-256: sha256:a4e977a694f2a866ab4a6a40e0c378eff7a68d90e54fd082d246db363f406b71

Original data · JSON

{
  "args": [
    "urn:case:chem:hcl"
  ],
  "facts": [
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:case:chem:hcl"
      ],
      "package": "openstax-chemistry-acids",
      "predicate": "species_in_question"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:case:chem:hcl"
      ],
      "package": "openstax-chemistry-acids",
      "predicate": "dissolves_in_water"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:case:chem:hcl"
      ],
      "package": "openstax-chemistry-acids",
      "predicate": "yields_hydrogen_cation"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:case:chem:hcl"
      ],
      "package": "openstax-chemistry-acids",
      "predicate": "donates_proton"
    },
    {
      "args": [
        "urn:case:chem:hcl"
      ],
      "negated": true,
      "package": "openstax-chemistry-acids",
      "predicate": "accepts_electron_pair"
    }
  ],
  "kind": "truth",
  "legalTime": "2026-09-06",
  "package": "chem-acid-base",
  "predicate": "is_acid",
  "selectedInterpretations": [
    "urn:chem:clir:acid-base#LewisReading"
  ]
}

По Льюису кислота — акцептор электронной пары. Дело прямо утверждает, что HCl её не принимает, поэтому ответ не «не установлено», а «опровергнуто».

How to cite

The snapshot is immutable: the SHA-256 of the downloadable JSON pins it, so no access date is needed.

Citation

“Является ли хлороводород HCl кислотой? Один и тот же случай по трём определениям: Аррениуса, Брёнстеда—Лоури и Льюиса.”. Arxo Lens, as of 2026-09-06. https://lens.arxo.io/a/a_KkWQ_izc6VR-mpABAC90A9dh. Snapshot SHA-256: b03f6e608a8d4cec8324dec37bbb565fc735252865168581255fb0b809e966d8.

BibTeX

@misc{arxo-lens-a_KkWQ_izc6VR-,
  title = {Является ли хлороводород HCl кислотой? Один и тот же случай по трём определениям: Аррениуса, Брёнстеда—Лоури и Льюиса.},
  howpublished = {Arxo Lens},
  url = {https://lens.arxo.io/a/a_KkWQ_izc6VR-mpABAC90A9dh},
  note = {as of 2026-09-06; SHA-256 b03f6e608a8d4cec8324dec37bbb565fc735252865168581255fb0b809e966d8}
}

Embed code

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